• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.303-312
• /
• 1998

최근 인터넷의 사용 과열과 함께 VRML의 소개로, 온라인을 위한 가상 현실 공간이 출현하고 있다. 인간이 거주하는 가상 현실세계는 복잡한 과정과 인간의 경험을 포함시킨다. 가상 현실 세계를 내비개이션 하며, 그 내용을 켜며, 다른 사용자와 인터렉션하는 것을 포함하게 될 VR 인터렉티비티 디자인은, 현재 규명 중이며, VR 제작에 있어서 중요한 영역이다. 따라서 이 분야의 연구는 현재, 미래의 멀티미디어 디자이너에게 경쟁력 우위를 부여한다. 이에, 본문의 논제는 온라인 가상 현실 세계를 디자인하는 데에 있어서 주요한 측면인 인터렉티비티에 관한 것이다. 그 내용은 VR 인터렉티비티 유형 및 유형의 분류 분석으로써, 문헌 조사와 웹사이트를 중심으로 연구하였다. 그 유형은, 첫째, 사용자 내비개이션에 관한 것이며, 둘째, 다른 사용자와, 가상 현실 공간의 물체와의 사용자 인터렉션, 셋째, 메타포 디자인이다. 본 연구의 결론으로써 그 효율적 적용 및 제안을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2010

Objective : Clinical, radiographic, and outcomes assessments, focusing on complications, were performed in patients who underwent pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) to assess correction effectiveness, fusion stability, procedural safety, neurological outcomes, complication rates, and overall patient outcomes. Methods : We analyzed data obtained from 13 consecutive PSO-treated patients presenting with fixed sagittal imbalances from 1999 to 2006. A single spine surgeon performed all operations. The median follow-up period was 73 months (range 41-114 months). Events during peri operative course and complications were closely monitored and carefully reviewed. Radiographs were obtained and measurements were done before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the most recent follow-up examinations. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index and subjective satisfaction evaluation. Results : Following surgery, lumbar lordosis increased from $-14.1^{\circ}{\pm}20.5^{\circ}$ to $-46.3^{\circ}{\pm}12.8^{\circ}$ (p<0.0001). and the C7 plumb line improved from $115{\pm}43\;mm$ to $32{\pm}38\;mm$ (p<0.0001). There were 16 surgery-related complications in 8 patients; 3 intraoperative, 3 perioperative, and 10 late-onset postoperative. The prevalence of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) was 23% (3 of 13 patients). However, clinical outcomes were not adversely affected by PJK. Intraoperative blood loss averaged 2,984 mL. The C7 plumb line values and postoperative complications were closely correlated with clinical results. Conclusion : Intraoperative or postoperative complications are relatively common following PSO. Most late-onset complications in PSO patients were related to PJK and instrumentation failure. Correcting the C7 plumb line value with minimal operative complications seemed to lead to better clinical results.

• 종양간호연구
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the data regarding questions raised by women with breast cancer through Internet counseling in Korea. Methods: The data were collected from one internet web-site, providing counseling by physicians. A total of 617 questions were analyzed by content analysis method. Results: About 90 percent of the counselees were patients themselves. But most of the general and health-related characteristics of them were not known from the data. As a result of content analysis, 617 questions were grouped into 9 major categories. The most common major category was identified as "life after treatment" (212 questions, 34.2%), followed by "chemotherapy" (139 questions, 22.3%) and "hormone therapy" (115 questions, 18.9%). Questions regarding "physical symptoms" were the most frequent one in the major categories of "life after treatment", "chemotherapy", and "radiotherapy", while questions regarding "psychological problems" were the least. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that it is important for health professionals to provide continuous on-line informational support to women with breast cancer, even after all the treatment is over, especially focusing on physical symptoms. In addition, off-line program needs to be reinforced to provide emotional support that is not well delivered by on-line program.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 광역전철 활성화를 목표로 승용차 대비 경쟁력 평가를 위한 수단선택모형을 개발하였다. 연구대상 노선은 수도권의 경의선과 중앙선이며, 열차운행 구간은 두 노선을 연결하는 일산역부터 구리역까지 설정하였다. 수단선택모형은 잠재선호조사(SP) 자료를 이용한 개별행태모형이며, 교통수단선택의 경쟁구도는 승용차와 급행열차이다. 연구 결과, 수단선택모형이 적정한 수준으로 도출되었으며, 이를 이용하여 통행자의 시간가치와 탄력성 값이 나타내는 특성을 분석하였다. 분석결과 광역전철에서 급행열차를 운행할 경우에는 통행비용의 감소보다는 통행시간의 단축에 주안점을 두는 것이 더욱 효과적으로 나타났다. 또한 이 같은 측면에서 개별노선간의 직결운행을 확대하고 급행열차를 운행하여 환승시간과 차내시간을 줄여주는 정책 추진이 요구된다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.469-481
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore the parents and child relationship in traditional Korean society through the Korean classic novels. The Data were analyzed through latent content analysis in focusing on the parents and child relationship. Forty-six Korean classic novels written in Chosun Dynasty (from 1392 to 1910 AD) were chosen to analyze and they were represented the characteristic Confucian ideas. The sentences containing the expression of child-care and parent-child relationship were selected during intensive reading line by line and analyzed. Sixty-nine meaningful concepts were drawn out from 258 significant sentences by the similar meaning and common theme and classified as 3 categories and 11 sub-categories. The important parent-child relationship expressed in Korean traditional society were as follows: From the category of the Meaning of Child, 4 sub-categories were drawn; gift of heaven, successor of the family line, driving power of life, and rewards from the offspring. From the category of attitude to the child, 3 sub-categories were drawn; a notion of preferring a son to a daughter, close maternal-child relation, and expectation to the future of child. From the category of nurturing behavior, 4 subjects were drawn; Tae-Gyo(fetal education), affective behavior, socialization, and health management behavior. Above result helps to improve the basic understanding the relationship of parent and child in modern society. And by the understanding of child in the family, unhealthy relationship of parent and child can be prevented and furthermore family centered child health promotion can be achieved.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.735-747
• /
• 2002

This study aimed at investigating the change of fat in each body part according to the wearing of sport underwear made of specially-processed materials. in this study. 6 females made up of three early twenties, and three later thirties took part in the exercises for 12 weeks to to out the change of fat amount in body, square of body part by CT and obesity after and before an exercise. The results are as follows: In the obesity condition after and before an exercise, Roller's index shows that in case of 51 and 54, one level was lowered concerning the basic physical strength and optimal index was not changed. In the silhouette between body frames. there are differences between ages. The body fat rate decreased 35.95% on the average. and the amount of the body fat of females in twenties was more than that in thirties. The amount of body fat decrease with the lapse of exercising time, while the amount of body fat shows increased of 0.75%, which showed the minus correlation. The rate of averaged flat by CT went up after an exercise in every body part. and also the decreased value of subcutaneous fat was not proportioned to that of weight and girth. Inbody parts, the lower abdomen was shown 49.7%, navel part 47.7% and waist part 37.3% each in numerical value. In the thickness of subcutaneous fat concerning waist, the value of front-center line was the lowest, and followed by rear-center line and lateral line. 1204degree part in the navel showed the most fat layed, and the lowest fat layed was in the lateral part. Concerning the lower part of abdomen, under-skin fat was the most layed in 120degree part like that of navel part.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.90-102
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this research is to identify the phases of the fashion merchandising process and the range of the fashion designer's work as well as performing degree at each stage according to the brand types of domestic women's apparel. The preliminary research was conducted with the chief designers of five woman's apparel manufactures located in Seoul and the questionnaires were collected from 192 fashion designers. They were measured by the five point Likert-type scales. For a data analysis, the Pearson's Correlation, ANOVA, Sheffe Test, MANOVA were used with SPSS V. 11.0. The results are as follows; 1. The steps which fashion designers of domestic apparel brand take in fashion merchandising process have been identified in 7 stages- Environment Information, Target Market Planning, Design Planning, Design Development, Price Settlement, Presentation & Line Release, Production. 2. The task achievement level of fashion designers in fashion merchandising process differs in brand types as well as in fashion merchandising stages. In NB, the designer's work was conducted in order of Design Planning(M=4.58)$\to$Presentation & Line release(M=4.31)$\to$ Environment Information(M=3.83)$\to$Target Market Planning(M=3.13). In DB, in order of Price Settlement (M=4.80)$\to$Production(M=4.33)$\to$Design Development(M=4.27)$\to$Design Planning(M=3.77)$\to$Presentation & Line release(M=3.20)$\to$Environment Information (M2.70). In GB, in order of Production(M=4.38)$\to$Design Planning(M=4.22)$\to$Price Settlement(M4.16)$\to$Environment Information(M=3.83)$\to$Merchandising Target Market (M=3.72)$\to$Design Development(M=3.65). 3. Considering the other factors such as sales, the amount of owning shops, item amounts that are related to the company size, this study shows that only the brand type affects designer's task achievement.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국펄프종이공학회 2000년도 제26회 펄프종이기술 국제세미나
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2000

The development of paper machines, increasing machine speeds with new, mostly low basis weight and/or high ash content paper grades, as well as the fact that several trends regarding process items have increased the sensitivity of papermaking. At the same time, papermakers are looking for flexibility in the production line. We can say that with all PMs the biggest benefits with the lowest capital spending can be achieved by focusing on improved wet end management. In order to manage wet end chemistry on a paper machine, our goal is to control sub-process through which we can influence the operation of the entire wet end with maximum effect. Key measurements and controls are-white water consistency control which is the most effective way to control retention - charge demand measurement and control which takes care of concentration of the anionic material entering to PM -ash measurements and controls which are deeply related to retention and paper quality This paper presents and concentrates to two of these key controls ; retention and charge. The purpose of charge control is to give the process control the tools to react to changes caused by amount of dissolved and colloida material incoming to wet end system. It is called coagulation or fixing control. Retention control is then taking care of retention aid flow to the process by responding any changes seen in white water consistency. It is called flocculation control. Each of these solutions separately , and even more effectively all together, stabilize the wet end operations and so greatly improve the produced paper quality and machine runnability. Practical results will be presented and they are referring to the latest mill cases. We have developed the first wet end measuring system in the late 1980s and control solutions based on this modern measuring technology were completely updated in 1990s. This paper introduces the principle, operation , and results of our unique wet end analyzers (retention and charge ) which are at the level of automation solutions as a part of paper machine quality control Especially our newest member of the platform , on-line charge analyzer has reached and set new standards to the on-line charge monitoring.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 2000

The development of paper machines, increasing machine speeds with new, mostly low basis weight and/or high ash content paper grades, as well as the fact that several trends regarding process items have increased the sensitivity of papermaking. At the same time, papermakers are looking for flexibility in the production line. We can say that with all PMs, the biggest benefits with the lowest capital spending can be achieved by focusing on improved wet end management. In order to manage wet end chemistry on a paper machine, our goal is to control subprocesses through which we can influence the operation of the entire wet end with maximum effect. Key measurements and controls are - white water consistency control which is the most effective way to control retention. - charge demand measurement and control which takes care of concentration of the anionic material entering to PM. - ash measurements and controls which are deeply related to retention and paper quality. This paper presents and concentrates to two of these key controls: retention and charge. The purpose of charge control is to give the process control the tools to react to changes caused by amount of dissolved and colloidal material incoming to wet end system. It is called coagulation or fixing control. Retention control is then taking care of retention aid flow to the process by responding any changes seen in white water consistency. It is called flocculation control. Each of these solutions separately, and even more effectively all together, stabilize the wet end operations and so greatly improve the produced paper quality and machine runnability. Practical results will be presented and they are referring to the latest mill cases. We have developed the first wet end measuring system in the late 1980s and control solutions based on this modern measuring technology were completely updated in 1990s. This paper introduces the principle, operation, and results of our unique wet end analyzers (retention and charge) which are at the level of automation solutions as a part of paper machine quality control. Especially our newest member of the platform, on-line charge analyzer has reached and set new standards to the on-line charge monitoring.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2019

This study reports the CW $CO_2$ laser scribing of soda lime glass. In this study, scribing experiments are carried out at different laser powers, scan speeds, and focal positions to investigate the effect of the process parameters on the interaction characteristics between a laser beam and glass. In particular, the interaction characteristics are analyzed and described with the input laser energy per unit length. According to the experimental results, the damage threshold for the glass surface was found to exist between 0.072 and 0.08 J/mm. The input laser energy in this region induced partial melting of the surface and grain-shaped cracks. These cracks tended to increase as the input laser energy increased. At the laser input energy larger than 1 J/mm, a huge crack propagating along the scan direction was produced, and the volume below the scribed area was fully melted. The growth of this crack finally resulted in the complete cutting of the glass at the input laser energy above 8 J/mm. It was found that both the width and depth of the scribed line increased with increasing input laser energy. For the beam focusing at the rear surface, the width of the scribed line varied irregularly. This could be ascribed to the increased asymmetry of the beam intensity distribution when the laser beam was focused at the rear surface. Under this condition, a large burr was only produced on one side of the scribed line.