Purpose: In order to enhance the quality of IMRT as employed in Korea, we developed a remote monitoring system. The feasibility of the system was evaluated by conducting a pilot study. Materials and Methods: The remote monitoring system consisted of a head and neck phantom and a user manual. The phantom contains a target and three OARs (organs at risk) that can be detected on CT images. TLD capsules were inserted at the center of the target and at the OARs. Two film slits for GafchromicEBT film were located on the axial and saggital planes. The user manual contained an IMRT planning guide and instructions for IMRT planning and the delivery process. After the manual and phantom were sent to four institutions, IMRT was planed and delivered. Predicted doses were compared with measured doses. Dose distribution along the two straight lines that intersected at the center of the axial film was measured and compared with the profiles predicted by the plan. Results: The measurements at the target agreed with the predicted dose within a 3% deviation. Doses at the OARs that represented the thyroid glands showed larger deviations (minimum 3.3% and maximum 19.8%). The deviation at OARs that represented the spiral cord was $0.7{\sim}1.4%$. The percentage of dose distributions that showed more than a 5% of deviation on the lines was $7{\sim}27%$ and $7{\sim}14%$ along the horizontal and vertical lines, respectively. Conculsion: Remote monitoring of IMRT using the developed system was feasible. With remote monitoring, the deviation at the target is expected to be small while the deviation at the OARs can be very large. Therefore, a method that is able to investigate the cause of a large deviation needs to be developed. In addition, a more clinically relevant measure for the two-dimensional dose comparison and pass/fail criteria need to be further developed.
Park, Hyung-Sin;Lim, Cheong-Hwan;Kang, Byung-Sam;You, In-Gyu;Jung, Hong-Ryang
Journal of radiological science and technology
/
v.35
no.4
/
pp.299-308
/
2012
To perform patient dose surveys in major interventional radiography procedures as a mean of inter-institutional comparison and of establishing reference dose levels with the ultimate goal of optimizing patient doses in the field of interventional radiography. We reviewed international patient dose survey data in the literature and measured patient dose in major interventional radiography procedures (TACE, AVF, PTBD, TFCA, GDC embolization). ESD(Entrance Skin Dose) was measured using TLD chips attached to the patient skin and ED(Effective Dose) was calculated using angiography unit-derived DAP. A survey of patient dose in interventional radiography procedures were also performed with a questionnaire for interventional radiologists and we proposed a guideline for optimizing patient doses in the field of interventional radiology. The patient dose survey data in interventional radiography procedures were very rare in literature compared with those in diagnostic radiography procedures. In TACE, the mean ED was 25.43 mSv and the mean ESD was 511.75 mGy. The mean ED of TACE was not high, but the cumulative dose should be checked, due to longer procedure TACE. In TFCA, the mean ED was 22.6 mSv and it was relatively high compared with data of other countries. In GDC embolization, the mean ED was not available, because GDC embolization was performed with old Image-Intensifier-type unit and there has no unit-installed ionization chamber. Also, the mean ESD of GDC embolization was up to 2,264 mGy and further studies are needed to calculate the net ED of GDC embolization. Patient dose occurred during interventional radiography procedures are high related with the difficulty of the procedure, fluoroscopy time, the number of angiographies and the treatment protocol. Therefore, continuous education and efforts should be made to optimize the patient dose in the field of interventional radiology.
Jin, Yan;Kim, Kyung-Tack;Lim, Tae-Gyu;Jang, Mi;Cho, Chang-Won;Rhee, Young Kyoung;Hong, Hee-Do
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
/
v.29
no.5
/
pp.610-617
/
2016
Current study was performed to investigate the effect of morphological properties of black ginseng such as size and shape on the quality of black ginseng. The raw ginsengs were separated based on size (medium, large, and extra-large) and shape (straight ginseng, fibrous root ginseng). Subsequently, the raw ginsengs were steamed at $95^{\circ}C$ for 3 h and dried in the presence of heated air at $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 h. This process was repeated nine times for black ginseng production. The physiochemical properties such as the content of acidic polysaccharides, ginsenosides, and antioxidative activity were evaluated. Although minor difference in physiochemical properties such as acidic polysaccharide content in raw ginseng was observed, no statistical difference in the content of acidic polysaccharides, total phenols, and ginsenosides was observed during final black ginseng production based on size classification. The minor ginsenosides in fibrous root black ginseng, such as Rk3, Rh4, Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5 were higher in content than straight black ginseng. However, no correlation between the shape of ginseng and total phenol content and antioxidative activity was observed. Therefore, present results demonstrate that the difference in ginseng size in same-age and -production area does not affect the quality of black ginseng. Furthermore, difference in ginseng shape does not influence the overall quality of black ginseng. It is hypothesized that this study would be considered as supportive data for the production of high-quality black ginseng.
Seo, Sung;Kim, Won-Ho;Kim, Jong-Guen;Choi, Gi-Jun;Ko, Jong-Min;Lim, Si-Gyu
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.27
no.2
/
pp.85-92
/
2007
This study was carried out to select the promising forage crops fer forage production in paddy field of YARI, RDA, Milyang from 1999 to 2001. The species of forage crop used in this experiment were barley(5 varieties), wheat(2), rye(3) and Italian ryegrass(IRG, 3). Stages of heading, milk and yellow ripe of barley were $20{\sim}24$ April, $6{\sim}10$ May and $21{\sim}24$ May, respectively. In milk to yellow ripe stage, dry matter(DM) yield of barley was $7.89{\sim}9.66$ MT per ha, and averaged ADF and NDF contents were $26.9{\sim}33.3%\;and\;53.1{\sim}59.2%$, respectively. Albori and Naehanssalbori were the most promising varieties among the barley. The growth of wheat was a little late compared to that of barley, but it seemed to be crop having higher forage yield and nutritive value. In milk to yellow stage, DM yield of wheat was $9.13{\sim}10.38$ MT per ha, and nutritive value of wheat was very good(ADF $25.9{\sim}31.7%$ and NDF $53.3{\sim}55.8%$). Heading stage of rye was $20{\sim}24$ April, and it seemed to be suitable far harvest at heading to flowering stage because of heavy lodging after flowering. In flowering stage, DM yield of rye was 13.64 MT per ha, and nutritive value of rye was the lowest among 4 species(ADF $33.1{\sim}38.0%$ and NDF $56.4{\sim}65.0%$). Heading stage of early maturing IRG was 2 May and it seemed to be suitable for harvest at flowering stage of middle May in cropping system. In flowering stage, DM yield of early type IRG was 5.51 MT per ha, and averaged ADF and NDF contents were $30.1{\sim}34.7%\;and\;59.7{\sim}60.5%$, respectively. The results demonstrated that the promising forage crops far forage production in paddy field were rye, barley, early maturing IRG and wheat in Yeongnam region. In Southern region, rye harvesting at early May was recommended when considered middle May of rice transplanting period, and barley(Albori and Naehanssalbori) and early maturing IRG harvesting at middle May were recommended when considered late May of rice planting period. And also, wheat with high nutritive value and possibility for harvesting at late May were recommended in case of transplanting period at early June.
Microsatellite markers have been a useful genetic tool in determining diversity, relationships and individual discrimination studies of livestock. The level of genetic diversity, relationships among two Korean indigenous chicken brand populations (Woorimatdag: WR, Hanhyup3: HH) as well as two pure populations (White Leghorn: WL, Rhode Island Red: RIR) were analyzed, based on 26 MS markers. A total of 191 distinct alleles were observed across the four chicken populations, and 47 (24.6%) of these alleles were unique to only one population. The mean $H_{Exp}$ and PIC were estimated as 0.667 and 0.630. Nei's $D_A$ genetic distance and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) showed that the four populations represented four distinct groups. However, the genetic distance between each Korean indigenous chicken brand (WR, HH) and the pure population (WL, RIR) were threefold that among the WR and HH. For the STRUCTURE analyses, the most appropriate number of clusters for modeling the data was determined to be three. The expected probabilities of identity among genotypes of random individuals (PI) were calculated as $1.17{\times}10^{-49}$ (All 26 markers) and $1.14{\times}10^{-15}$, $7.33{\times}10^{-20}$ (9, 12 with the highest PI value, respectively). The results indicated that the brand chicken breed traceability system employing the own highest PI value 9 to 12 markers, and might be applicable to individual identification of Korean indigenous chicken brand.
Objectives: To study the clinical features of the primary nasal/nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and to evaluate the implication of immunophenotyping as a prognostic factor. Patients and Methods: From January 1990 to December 1997,41 patients(median age, 41 years) of primary nasal/nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied. The clinical records and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were reviewed retrospectively. The histologic features, immunophenotypic findings(pan-T, pan-B, CD3, CD56) and Epstein-Barr virus in situ hybridizatios were examined. The prognostic factors for clinical outcome were evaluated in these patients. According to Ann-Arbor system, there were 30 patiets(73%) with stage IE, 4(10%) with stage IIE, 3(7%) with stage IIIE, 4(10%) with stage IVE lymphoma. Among the patients with stage IE/IIE, 4 patients received local radiation alone, 4 received chemotherapy alone, 25 received combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy and 1 refused treatment. The patients with stage IIIE/IVE were given combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results: Immunophenotyping were performed in 40 patients and staining results were as follows: 3(7%) patients with B cell, 17(42%) with T cell, 18(44%) with NK/T cell(CD56 positive), and two patients with unclassifiable result. Epstein-Barr(EB) virus in situ hybridization were performed in 28 patients and 23(82%) patients had positive EBV-encoded RNAs(EBERs). 21(55%) patients achieved a complete remission. There was no difference in complete remission between radiation alone and combination therapy. With median follow-up of 30 months, 5-years disease free survival of complete responders was 60% and 5-years overall survival rate was 36%. Multivariate analysis showed that better overall survival was related with absence of B symptoms, ECOG performance${\leq}1$ and non-NK cells. Conclusion: Most of all cases were positive for EBER. Since NK/T phenotype carried the worst prognosis, analysis for CD56 expression should be done. Further prospective studies were warranted to evaluate the role of chemotherapy in stage IE/IIE.
Kim, Yun Hee;Lee, Seung Hun;Lim, Ho Seop;Choi, Young Jin;Kim, Yun Jin;Lee, Sang Yeoup;Lee, Jeong Gyu;Jeong, Dong Wook;Yu, Kyoung Hwa
Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
/
v.18
no.4
/
pp.314-321
/
2015
Purpose: It is well known that a terminal cancer condition affects not only patient themselves but their family members because the patients experience a variety of symptoms. This study was aimed to investigate modifiable factors that influence family caregivers' quality of life, depression, and anxiety. Methods: From January 2015 through May 2015, a survey was conducted with 61 family caregivers of hospice patients who were hospitalized in two university hospitals and one municipal hospital in Busan. The questionnaire was consisted of characteristics of family caregivers and patients, the Korean version of the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC-K), Beck's Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and patient's symptom controlling scores rated by family caregivers. Results: Family caregivers' depression was associated with religion. Quality of life and depression of family caregivers were also influenced by monthly household income. Patient age was inversely related to family caregiver's quality of life ($r_s=-0.259$, P=0.043). Family caregivers' quality of life was associated with patient's anxiety (r=0.443, P=0.001). Family caregivers' depression was affected by patient's constipation (r=0.276, P=0.046), anxiety (r=0.508, P<0.001), and daytime drowsiness (r=0.377, P=0.005). And family caregivers' anxiety was influenced by patients' sleep disturbance (r=0.276, P=0.046), depression (r=0.297, P=0.031), and anxiety (r=0.357, P=0.009). Conclusion: According to our findings, family caregivers had higher quality of life and less depression and anxiety when symptoms in hospice patients were well controlled.
Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
/
v.17
no.1
/
pp.25-34
/
2015
In this research, we applied a procedure of quality control (QC) to the agro-meteorological data measured at the Suwon weather station of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The QC was conducted through six steps based on the KMA Real-time Quality control system for Meteorological Observation Data (RQMOD) and four steps based on the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) QC modules. In addition, we set up our own empirical method to remove erroneous data which could not be filtered by the RQMOD and ISMN methods. After all these QC procedures, a well-refined agro-meteorological dataset was complied at both air and soil temperatures. Our research suggests that soil moisture requires more detailed and reliable grounds to remove doubtful data, especially in winter with its abnormal variations. The raw data and the data after QC are now available at the NCAM website (http://ncam.kr/page/req/agri_weather.php).
Purpose : In radiotherapy for cervix cancer, both 3-dimensioal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) could reduce the dose to the small bowel (SB), while the small bowel displacement system (SBDS) could reduce the SB volume in the pelvic cavity. To evaluate the effect of the SBDS on the dose to the SB in 3D-CRT and IMRT plans, 3D-CRT and IMRT plans, with or without SBDS, were compared. Materials and Methods : Ten consecutive uterine cervix cancer patients, receiving curative radiotherapy, were accrued. Ten pairs of computerized tomography (CT) scans were obtained in the prone position, with or without SBDS, which consisted of a Styrofoam compression device and an individualized custom-made abdominal immobilization device. Both 3D-CRT, using the 4-field box technique, and IMRT plans, with 7 portals of 15 MV X-ray, were generated for each CT image, and proscribed 50 Gy (25 fractions) to the isocenter. For the SB, the volume change due to the SBDS and the DVHs of the four different plans were analyzed using palled t-tests. Results : The SBDS significantly reduced the mean SB volume from 522 to 262 cm$^{3}$ (49.8$\%$ reduction). The SB volumes that received a dose of 10$\~$50 Gy were significantly reduced in 3D-CRT (65$\~$80$\%$ reduction) and IMRT plans (54$\~$67$\%$ reduction) using the SBDS. When the SB volumes that received 20$\~$50 Gy were compared between the 3D-CRT and IMRT plans, those of the IMRT without the SBDS were significantly less, by 6$\~$7$\%$, than those for the 3D-CRT without the SBDS, but the volume difference was less than 1$\%$ when using the SBDS. Conclusion : The SBDS reduced the radiation dose to the SB in both the 3D-CRT and IMRT plans, so could reduce the radiation injury of the SB.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration levels, distribution characteristics and blood concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) at ambient air in Industrial Complex Area. The samples were collected at 4 sites in Industrial Complex Area and its vicinities. The result indicated that there was the difference of PAHs concentration as followed local characteristics. The level of average concentration of PAHs in the air in Industrial Complex Area was $14.52{\sim}193.48ng/m^3$. The level of average concentration of six materials with possibility of cancer creation was $1.65{\sim}13.44ng/m^3$. The concentrations of PAHs were generally low, but Jechul-dong is considered an area where consistent monitoring of PAHs is required. In addition, benzo(a)pyrene was detected in every atmospheric sample, however the concentration was not high. The level of concentration of benzo(a)pyrene in the air in the Jechul-dong was $2.89ng/m^3$. But, the concentration of the PAHs in Jechul-dong showed that the Benzo(a)pyrene concentration is above $1ng/m^3$ of air quality standard(EU). The results of the concentration level of PAHs in the blood from 240 persons who were exposed directly were surveyed, it was $1.12{\sim}11.45ng/m^3$ for man and $1.20{\sim}26.89ng/m^3$ for woman. It was indicated that the difference between the genders was very little. The accumulation inside human was anticipated as the PAHs concentration in the blood for the aged was very high. Industrial Complex Area and its vicinities are an area which has been greatly influenced by PAHs and environmental contaminants. It is necessary to control the emission sources of PAHs and to construct an observation system at Industrial Complex Area from now on. It is time to reduce the risk factors for health and environmental disease to protect the health of resident in Industrial Complex Area and its vicinities.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.