• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.534-540
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the circadian rhythm and the effect of starvation for the health assessment of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, reared under 12:12 LD (light:dark) cycle and fed 1% of their body weight once a day. The blood collection was implemented from 10 fish every 3 hours for a day, and analyzed to serval health parameters of the experimental fish. Plasma cortisol, glucose and total protein concentration reflected diel rhythms with high level of photophase and low level of scotophse despites of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) showing no rhythmicity, while electrolyte (sodium, potassium and chloride ion) concentrations arrived at the peak 18 hour and then slowly down. In the experiment of starvation, the result showed that there were no significant differences of the health parameters between the starved group and the fed. In short, our findings described the existence of circadian cortisol with glucose in flat fish, and indicated that the starvation does not almost affect the health of fish.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.83-88
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• 2017

In this paper, a 3-port waveguide circulator of Ka-band millimeter-wave for isolation between transmit channel and receive channel at high power transmit mode is designed and fabricated for the seeker of the guided missile and circulator performance is verified through the S-parameter, high power and operation temperature test. At the configuration design, interface design between a seeker antenna and the circulator is considered and half-height of standard waveguide is applied for minimum and light weight body. The shape of permanent magnet and ferrite is optimized by simulation and tuning dielectrics at each port are placed for the best performance. In Fc(center frequency)${\pm}1000MHz$, designed waveguide circulator has below -20 dB return loss, below 0.5 dB insertion loss and below -23 dB isolation. It is found that circulator characteristics is similar to design results.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2018

In this paper, dual axes waveguide rotary joint, which operates at high power and has low loss characteristic, is designed and fabricated for a Ka-band millimeter-wave small radar. Its electrical performance is verified through the S-parameter at room temperature, high power and operation temperature test. Rotary joint functionally consists of the mode converter transforming rectangular waveguide into circular waveguide and the choke at the rotation part. At the configuration design, linking a fixed transmitter to an antenna rotating dual axes electrically for minimum loss and light weight body are considered. In Fc(center frequency)${\pm}500MHz$, the designed rotary joint has VSWR 1.5:1 below return loss, -2.0 dB above insertion loss. It is found that rotary joint characteristics is similar to design results.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1063-1072
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• 2009

Membranous nephropathy(MN) is the most common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome worldwide. But treatment of MN is not defined. This study was to evaluate the effects of Lonicerae Flos Extract(LFE) on the MN induced by cBSA in mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups. The first group named for 'Normal' was injected with a saline solution. The second group named 'Control' treated with cBSA(10 mg/kg i.p) only. The third group named 'LFE-250', treated with cBSA(10 mg/kg i.p) and LFE(250 mg/kg, p.o). The fourth group named 'LFE-500'treated with cBSA(10 mg/kg i.p) and LFE(500 mg/kg, p.o). After cBSA and LFE treatment for 4 weeks, we measured change of body weight, 24hrs proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN, creatinine, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-10, IFN-$\gamma$, IgA, IgM and IgG levels. The morphologic changes of renal glomeruli were also observed with a light microscope. The levels of 24 hrs proteinuria, total cholesterol, IgG , IgM, IgA, IL-6 were significantly decreased in both LFE groups. The level of triglyceride, IL-$1{\beta}$ was significantly decreased in LFE-500 group. The level of Albumin was significantly increased in LFE-250 group. The level of TNF-$\alpha$, IFN-$\gamma$ were significantly decreased in LFE-250 group. The mRNA expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ in splenocytes was consideraly decreased in LFE-500 group. In histological findings of kidney tissue, thickening of GBM decreased in both LFE groups. This study shows that the LFE might be effective for treatment of MN. More clinical data and studies are to be done for efficient application.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.943-946
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• 2010

In this study, a front suspension system, which is mounted on the handle itself, was suggested because of its light weight and cost efficiency. The shock absorption was evaluated for the three types of suspension models; non-suspension, suspension on front forks (existing model), and suspension on handle (suggested model). The human body model was used for performing impact simulation for comparing the shock absorption for the suspension models. The result of the simulation shows that shock absorption for the proposed suspension model was not as good as that for the front fork suspension model. Nevertheless, the shock absorption observed for the proposed suspension model was significant when compared to the non-suspension model. Consequently, the proposed suspension model could be applied to lightweight bicycles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.495-505
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• 2016

This study explores and selects an appropriate material that considers light and soft physical properties as well as activity for impact absorption pads that can be used to develop practical impact protective clothes worn during daily life by the elderly to reduce the impact of falls. Physical properties, impact absorption performance, and compression characteristics were evaluated on 5 types of foam, 2 types of 3D spacer fabric, and 3 types of polymer gel to select a material appropriate for the pad to be inserted into impact protective clothes. The evaluation of the physical properties showed that 3D spacer fabrics had lower density compared to other materials and polymer gels had the highest density. The elongation percentage was higher in foams than 3D spacer fabrics and EPDM foam had the highest elongation percentage. The impact absorption performance of honeycomb polymer gel was better than foams and 3D spacer fabrics. As a result of looking into compression energy and compression characteristics of materials, 'CR foam A' was found to absorb the largest amount of compression energy, 24.1%, among foams and polymer gels. A high energy absorption rate of 50.0% (or above) was indicated by 3D spacer fabrics; however, foams and polymer gels showed a progressive deformation of energy compression / recovery curve with 3D spacer fabrics that showed drastic deformation. Based on characteristics of materials, 'CR foam C' and EPDM with relatively high absorption performance can be used as protective pad materials among foams. Among polymer gels, 2 open-type polymer gels that have relatively low impact protective performance but a relatively lighter weight on human body (compared to closed-type) are considered appropriate protective pad materials.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2271-2275
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• 2016

Background: The value of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in fluorescence detection of peritoneal metastases and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in patients with peritoneal surface malignancies. Materials and Methods: Oral 5-ALA was administered at a concentration of 20 mg/kg body weight with 50 ml of water 2 hours prior to surgery (n=115). The diagnostic value of 5-ALA based fluorescence production was evaluated following white light inspection during prior to cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Then, peptide transporter PEPT1 (ALA influx transporter) and ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (porphyrin efflux transporter) gene expression was determined with quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR and pathological diagnoses confirmed for all tissue samples. Results: The 5-ALA based photodynamic detection rate was 17% for appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, 54% for colorectal cancers, 33% for gastric cancers, 67% for diffuse malign peritoneal mesotheliomas, and 89% for epithelial ovarian cancer of peritoneal metastases. 5-ALA was detected in all cases of peritoneal metastases originating from cholangiocarcinomas whereas it was not able to detect any in granulosa cell and gastrointestinal stromal tumor cases. Furthermore, PEPT1 was overexpressed whereas ABCG2 expression was downregulated in tumors detected with fluorescence. Conclusions: 5-ALA provided 100% specificity and high sensitivity to detect peritoneal metastases in subgroups of patients with peritoneal surface mailgnancies. ALA influx transporter PEPT1 and porphyrin efflux transporter ABCG2 genes are important in tumor specific 5-ALA induced fluorescence in vivo. Further studies should clarify diagnostic utility of 5-ALA in peritoneal surface malignancies.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.93-107
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• 2009

Objective: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. However, there is not a satisfactory treatment for MN. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Houttuyniae Herba Extract (HHE) on MN induced by cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA). Methods: Mice were divided into 4 groups. The first group, Normal, was injected with saline. The second group, Control, was treated with cBSA (10mg/kg i.p) only. The third group, HHE-250, was treated with cBSA (10mg/kg i.p) and HHE (250mg/kg, p.o). The fourth group, HHE-500, was treated with cBSA (10mg/kg i.p) and HHE (500mg/kg, p.o). After treatment for 4 weeks, we measured change of body weight, 24 hrs proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN, creatinine, IgA, IgM, IgG, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ levels and the mRNA expression of IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-6, and IL-10. The morphologic changes of renal glomeruli were also observed with a light microscope and an electron microscope. Results: The levels of 24 hrs proteinuria and serum triglyceride, BUN, IgG, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ significantly decreased in both HHE groups, while the level of serum albumin significantly increased in both HHE groups. The mRNA expression of IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-6 in splenocytes considerably increased in both HHE groups. The mRNA expression of IL-10 in splenocytes considerably decreased in both HHE groups. In histological findings of kidney tissue, thickening of GBM decreased in both HHE groups. Conclusions: This study shows that HHE might be effective for treatment of acute stage MN. More clinical data and studies are to be done for efficient application.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.298-311
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• 2013

Objectives : In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Eunhoebanchong-san (EBS) on caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) by detecting oxidative stress markers and performing histopathological examination. Methods : Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups as follows: normal (NOR), caerulein-induced (CON), caerulein+EBS (130 mg/kg, EA), caerulein+EBS (260 mg/kg, EB) and caerulein+EBS (520 mg/kg, EC) groups. Pancreatic tissues of rats from all groups were removed for apoptosis, and light, and electron microscopic examination. Blood of rats from all groups was obtained for oxidative stress markers and pathological examination. Pancreatic oxidative stress markers were evaluated by the measurements of serum amylase, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Results : The ratio of pancreas/body weight increased significantly in the CON compared with the NOR, but decreased significantly in the EA, the EB, the EC groups compared with the CON. Caerulein administration resulted in a significant increase in amylase, but EBS reduced the levels of these enzymes. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels increased significantly in CON compared with NOR, but reduced in EA, EB, and EC group at 24 hrs. In the observations of optical microscopy and electron microscopy, the experimental groups showed significant decreases in pancreatic tissue inflammation, edema, vacuolization, necrosis compared to the control group. Altogether, this indicates EBS is potentially capable of limiting pancreatic damage produced during AP by restoring the fine structure of acinar cells and tissue. Conclusions : We concluded that EBS may have beneficial effects in the treatment of caerulein-induced AP.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2002

Semi-active suspension systems are greatly expected to be in the mainstream of future controlled suspensions fur passenger cars. In this study, a continuous variable damper for a passenger car suspension is developed. It is controlled actively and exhibits high performance with light weight, low cost, and low energy consumption. To get fast response of the damper, reverse damping mechanism is adapted, and to get small pressure change rate after blow-off, a pilot controlled proportional valve is designed and analyzed. The reverse continuous variable damper is designed as a HS-SH damper which offers good body control with reduced transferred input force from tire, compared with any other type of suspension system. The damper structure is designed, so that rebound and compression damping force can be tuned independently, of which variable valve is placed externally. The rate of pressure change with respect to the flow rate after blow-offbecomes smooth when the fixed orifice size increases. Damping forces are measured with the change of the solenoid current at the different piston velocities to confirm the maximum hysteresis of 20N, linearity, and variance of damping farce. The damping farce variance is wide and continuous, and is controlled by the spoof opening, of which scheme is usually adapted in proportional valves. The reverse continuous variable damper developed in this study is expected to be utilized in the semi-active suspension systems in passenger cars after its performance and simplicity of the design is confirmed through real car test.