• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2008

주유소 조명은 안전하고 시각적으로 흥미롭게 디자인되어야 한다. 최근 연구에는 빛공해와 에너지 낭비 때문에 non-cutoff 조명기구를 주유소에 이용되면 안 되는 것을 보여주었다. 본 연구에서는 non-cutoff 조명기구를 사용한 주유소의 조명환경을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. CS-100 휘도계와 Radiant Imaging Prometric-1400을 이용하여 건물표면, 캐노피, 천정, 기둥 및 바닥면을 측정하였다. 그 결과 캐노피 조명기구의 개수가 증가할수록 건물전체 표면휘도가 증가하였으며, Non-cutoff 조명기구를 설치한 연구대상 전체 주유소는 빛공해를 유발하였다. 따라서 주유소 옥외조명에 대한 기준이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.411-422
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• 2012

Ground-based in-situ measurements of aerosol optical properties at Gosan climate observatory have been analyzed to investigate the optical contribution of Asian dust and polluted particles on light absorption in springtime 2011. During the Asian dust episode, the contribution of Asian dust particle to aerosol absorption coefficient estimated about 45% at 370 nm and about 23% at 520 nm. Especially, black carbon in dust plume contributes about 48% to aerosol light absorption at 520 nm since the airmass are transported from the Gobi and inner Mongolia deserts, and this airmass comes across the northeastern coast of China, near the Shandong Peninsula. In pollution case, the contributions of dust particle and black carbon to aerosol absorption coefficient estimated about 41% and 11% at 370 nm, respectively. However, pollution case shows the highest light absorption of 48% for brown carbon at 370 nm, which indicates the significantly high mass concentration of organic carbon ($6.3{\pm}2.2{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$) in pollution plume can contribute to the increase of light absorption at near-UV spectral region.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2009

This study surveys the surface water environment in Southwest sea areas of Vietnam in order to evaluate the current environment. It collects and analyzes experimental results of programs, scientific subjects, and international projects relevant to ecological areas and coastlines of Kien Giang province. The methods analyzed and discussed by specialists are evaluated according to pollution coefficients established by the World Health Organization (WHO), sampling methods, and case study analyses. Comparison between the scale of pollution levels and the surface water quality in experimental areas of Long Xuyen Quadrangle shows a light-moderate pollution level. In Ca Mau Peninsula, the surface water source is only slightly polluted. Sea areas and islands are also light-moderately polluted. Computing results from water quality indices (WQI) show the level of pollution in experimental sites. Activities such as constructing infrastructures for tourism, exploiting minerals, and increasing population accelerate environmental pollution by deteriorating inherently sensitive ecosystems like corals, sea grass, mangrove swamps, and Melaleuca forests. Surveying and evaluating the present situation of surface water are fundamental solutions for environmental protection in the Southwest sea areas of Vietnam.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to improve the efficiency of anti-pollution film for PV module. The anti-pollution coating process was performed on a glass substrate, which is the same material as the glass substrate for the PV module. We coated the anti-pollution film on the glass substrate by spray coating. After coating process, annealing process was performed during 1 hour at $200^{\circ}C$, $300^{\circ}C$, and $400^{\circ}C$. And then we analyzed the surface characteristics according to the annealing temperature of the film. Annealing process can also improve the durability of the coated film. And then we analyzed the anti-pollution characteristics, particle size of anti-pollution film, light transmittance. The particle size of anti-pollution film was analyzed with FE-SEM. The light transmittance was analyzed with UV-Visible spectroscopy including integrating sphere.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.159-172
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• 2019

To investigate the influence of pollution events on the chemical composition and formation processes of aerosol particles, 24-h integrated size-segregated particulate matter (PM) was collected during the fall season at an urban site of Gwangju, Korea and was used to determine the concentrations of mass, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and ionic species. Furthermore, black carbon (BC) concentrations were observed with an aethalometer. The entire sampling period was classified into four periods, i.e., typical, pollution event I, pollution event II, and an Asian dust event. Stable meteorological conditions (e.g., low wind speed, high surface pressure, and high relative humidity) observed during the two pollution events led to accumulation of aerosol particles and increased formation of secondary organic and inorganic aerosol species, thus causing $PM_{2.5}$ increase. Furthermore, these stable conditions resulted in the predominant condensation or droplet mode size distributions of PM, WSOC, $NO_3{^-}$, and $SO{_4}^{2-}$. However, difference in the accumulation mode size distributions of secondary water-soluble species between pollution events I and II could be attributed to the difference in transport pathways of air masses from high-pollution regions and the formation processes for the secondary chemical species. The average absorption ${\AA}ngstr{\ddot{o}}m$ exponent ($AAE_{370-950}$) for 370-950 nm wavelengths > 1.0 indicates that the BC particles from traffic emissions were likely mixed with light absorbing brown carbon (BrC) from biomass burning (BB) emissions. It was found that light absorption by BrC in the near UV range was affected by both secondary organic aerosol and BB emissions. Overall, the pollution events observed during fall at the study site can be due to the synergy of unfavorable meteorological conditions, enhanced secondary formation, local emissions, and long-range transportation of air masses from upwind polluted areas.

• 동굴
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• 제85호
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• pp.15-17
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• 2008

This paper is attempted to review a cave restoration and preservation plan against environmental destruction and pollution as a preliminary survey for preservation of cave environment. Consequently, it's important to throw an indirect light rather than direct light on cave formations, keeping distance of 2m at least. The already existing moss should be removed using wet cloth or sponge as soon as possible. If it's washed off, be careful not to splash it or water on nearby subjects. Based on an automatic switch-off system, light will automatically turn off when no one is left in the cave. It's also recommended to dualize the cave passage and partially close the cave by taking turns to give a time to recover.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

To suggest lighting regulations to prevent light pollution, domestic and international standards were analyzed and the luminance of outdoor signboards of main street at night was measured. In addition, to regulate the methods of luminance measurement, experiments on the measuring distance and direction from the signboards were conducted. The regulations were set as maximum luminance for outdoor signboard lightings of channel letter type, and limitations were suggested on each of the four lighting zones.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2013

Strengthening vehicle emission regulation is one of important policies to improve air quality in urban area. Due to the limitation of specified driving cycles for certification test to reflect real driving conditions, additional off-cycle emission regulations have been adopted in US and being developed in Europe. The driving cycles of US or Europe have been used in emission certification for Korean light-duty vehicles, but it has not been known how well the driving cycles reflect various real driving patterns in Korea. In that point of view, it is required to estimate vehicle emission based on real road driving conditions to raise the effectiveness of vehicle emission regulation in Korea. In this study, real driving emission measurements have been conducted for three Korean light-duty vehicles with PEMS. The driving routes consisted of urban, rural and motorway in Seoul and Incheon. The data have been analyzed with various averaging methods including moving averaging windows method and compared to emission limits set with emission certification modes applied to tested vehicles. The results have shown that the real driving pollutant emissions of a gasoline and a LPG vehicles have been ranged quite lower than those of emission limits on CVS-75 driving cycle. But real driving NOx of a light duty diesel vehicle has been considerably higher than emission limit of NEDC driving cycle. The higher than expected NOx emission of a diesel vehicle might be caused by different strategy to control EGR in real driving condition from NEDC driving.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2018

빛공해의 주택 침입광은 현장에서 여러 환경 요인에 의해 정확한 평가가 쉽지 않다. 그래서, 현장에서의 측정 어려움을 대신하여 빛공해의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 시뮬레이션 프로그램(Relux 등)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그러나, 침입광에 대한 실제 측정값과 시뮬레이션을 통한 예측값은 여전히 차이점이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는, 옥외조명에 대한 침입광을 조사하기 위하여 서울, 인천 등 측정지점을 선정하였다. 조도 측정은 주택창면 중 연직면 조도가 높을 것으로 예상되는 창문 밖 창면 2지점 이상의 측정지점을 선정하여 측정하였다. Relux 프로그램을 이용하여 예측된 값 중 최대값을 실측값과 비교하였다. 그 결과, 침입광 실측값과 예측값의 오차는 -0.97~0.65 lx(최대값[2.08lx]과 최소값[-7.70lx] 제외) 조사되어졌다. 주택창면을 기준으로 도로조명의 설치위치 높이(H), 거리(L), 너비(W)가 가까이 위치될수록 침입광은 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 상용조명해석 프로그램(Relux)을 사용하여 예측값을 측정하는데 있어서 주변 환경 요인과 측정자의 오차 등으로 인해 실측값과 다소 오차가 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 측정수가 많지 않아 차후 연구에서 좀 더 많은 데이터를 이용하여 분석할 필요가 있다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

Since the "Light Pollution Prevention Act" was executed, the installation of the light cutoff panel to the security lightings which caused light trespass has been increased in the local government. The light cutoff panel is effective in reducing the light trespass in term of the cost-benefit. Because the installation of the light cutoff panel is inexpensive than the change of the security lighting. But the reflected light from the surface of the light cutoff panel has been regarded as another light pollution problem to solve. Therefore, we try to improve light cutoff panel by changing the light reflectivity characteristic of the surface of the light cutoff panel. First, we laminated the surface of light cutoff panel by black powder to reduce the light reflectivity of the light cutoff panel. After the black powder lamination, the light reflectivity on the light cutoff panel improved from 85% to 5%. And we compared reflected light caused by black powder laminated light cutoff panel with the one of no surface treatment cutoff panel. The vertical illuminance was measured at 3, 6, 9m in front of the security lighting and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18m in back of the security lighting to evaluate the reflected light. And the measurement height was determined of 1.5m considering the height of the 1th floor of an apartment house. In this study, we found that the reflected light from the light cutoff panel can be reduced about 90% by the black powder lamination method. The results derived from this study will be helpful to develope the various kind of light cutoff panel which minimize the adverse effect like reflected light of light cutoff panel.