• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is a postural alignment of the cervical vertebrae that leads to increased gravitational load on cervical segmental motions. The overhead arm lift test assesses the ability to actively dissociate and control low cervical flexion and move the shoulders through overhead flexion. Objects: The purpose of this study was to explore muscle activities in the upper trapezius (UT), serratus anterior (SA), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and lower trapezius (LT) alongside changes in head position during the overhead arm lift test in individuals with FHP. Methods: Fifteen subjects with forward head posture and fifteen subjects with normal subjcects were enrolled in this study. The patients performed the overhead arm lift test, and muscle activities of the UT, SCM, SA, and LT were measured using surface electromyography and by evaluating changes in head position. Independent t-tests were used to detect significant differences between the two groups and Cohen's d was calculated to measure the size of the mean difference between the groups. Results: The FHP group demonstrated significantly increased muscle activity of the UT ($32.46{\pm}7.64$), SCM ($12.79{\pm}4.01$), and LT ($45.65{\pm}10.52$) and significantly decreased activity in the SA ($26.65{\pm}6.15$) than the normal group. The change in head position was significantly higher in the FHP group ($6.66{\pm}2.08$) than the normal group. Effect sizes for all parameters assessed were large between the two groups. Conclusion: The subjects with excessive FHP displayed were unable to fix their heads in position during the overhead arm lift test. The overhead arm lift test can thus be used in clinical settings to confirm control of the neck in these subjects.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.599-608
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• 2013

움직임 보상 보간 기법은 동영상 정보의 프레임율 증가 뿐 아니라 분산 동영상 부호화 시스템에서 부가 정보 생성에 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 움직임 보상 보간 기법의 성능을 효율적으로 향상시키기 위하여 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform) 혹은 LiftLT를 이용하여 영상의 크기를 두 배 확대 변환한 후 움직임 보상 보간을 수행하여 생성된 두 배 크기의 영상을 다시 축소 변환하여 원래 크기의 보간 프레임을 생성하는 기법을 제안한다. 또한 보간 필터를 사용하여 부화소 단위의 세밀한 움직임 보상 보간을 수행한 경우의 성능도 분석한다. 모의 실험 결과 제안하는 기법이 기존의 보간 필터를 이용한 기법에 비해서 우수한 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity levels of the scapular upward rotators [upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA)] and other scapular muscles [posterior deltoid (PD), levator scapulae (LS), and infraspinatus (IS)] during isometric lower trapezius exercises. Twenty males with no medical history of shoulder pain or upper extremity disorders were recruited for this study. EMG activity was recorded from the UT, LT, SA, PD, LS, and IS while subjects performed three different exercises: Prone arm lift (PAL), Backward rocking diagonal arm lift (BRDAL), Modified Prone Cobra (MPC). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine any significant differences among the three exercises. A lower relative activation of UT, LT, and SA was seen with the MPC than with the other exercises (p<.05). The relatively lower activation of the UT identified, the MPC exercise as the preferred choice for preferential strengthening the LT (p<.05). However, a higher activation in the PD, LS, and IS occurred with the MPC than with the other exercises (p>.05). The recruitment pattern of synergist varied depending on the exercise posture. These findings suggest that exercise posture is an important factor in the selection of strengthening exercise for weak muscle.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 변환 영역에서 non-local means (NL-means) 방법을 이용한 효율적인 영상 잡음 제거 기법을 제안한다. 먼저 고전적인 영상 잡음 제거 기법에서부터 최근 연구되고 있는 영상 잡음 제거 기법에 대한 리뷰를 서술하고 우수한 성능을 보이는 잡음 제거 기법인 NL-means 방법을 이용한 영상 잡음 제거 기법에 대한 성능을 분석한다. NL-means 기법의 가중치를 DCT 및 LiftLT 변환 영역에서 일부 계수만을 이용하여 계산함으로써 NL-means 기법을 효율적으로 구현하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 계산량을 줄여서 영상 잡음을 효율적으로 제거할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 변환 영역에서 영상의 특성을 효율적으로 이용하여 잡음 제거시 성능을 향상시킨다. 또한 제안하는 기법은 변환 영역에서 영상의 잡음 제거와 해상도 향상을 동시에 수행할 때 효율적으로 적용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 모의 실험을 통하여 제안하는 방법이 우수한 성능을 보이는 것을 입증한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to compare the effect of abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), and erector spinae (ES) muscle activity during arm lifts in prone and standing positions. Twenty healthy subjects were recruited, and NoraxonTeleMyo 2400T was used to collect electromyographic signals from the LT, SA, and ES muscles. A two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) used a significance level of .05. If a significant interaction was found, pairwise comparisons were performed with a Bonferroni adjustment (.05/4=.013). The results of the study were as follows: 1) In LT, no significant ADIM by position interaction was found ($F_{1,19}$=.356, p=.558). There was a significant main effect for ADIM. LT muscle activity with ADIM was significantly greater compared with muscle activity without ADIM ($F_{1,19}$=82.863, p<.001). There was also a significant main effect for position. LT muscle activity in the prone position was greater compared with muscle activity in the standing position ($F_{1,19}$=116.401, p<.001). 2) In SA, significant ADIM by position interaction was found ($F_{1,19}$=8.687, p=.008). There were significant differences in all pairwise comparisons. The greatest SA muscle activity was observed in the standing position with ADIM. 3) In ES, significant ADIM by position interaction was found ($F_{1,19}$=122.473, p<.001). The lowest ES muscle activity was elicited in the standing position with ADIM. Based on these results, ADIM is advocated in the prone position to increase LT muscle activity. In addition, it is concluded that arm lifts in the standing position with ADIM offer the most favorable combination for reducing ES muscle activity and increasing SA muscle activity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the right or left knee lift during push up plus in the quadruped position on the serratus anterior (SA) muscle activity. Methods: Twenty-one subjects (male 11, female 10) performed the quadruped position on push up plus. The muscle activities of the lower trapezius (LT), SA, and upper trapezius (UT) were measured by surface electromyography. Repeated measurements of one-way ANOVA were performed for statistical analysis of the data, and the criterion for statistical significance was set to p<0.05 and comparative analysis of the UT and SA ratio using a Paired t-test. Results: The right SA increased the muscle activity of the right knee lift during quadruped position push up plus (p<0.05). In particular, the right SA muscle activity was higher than the left. In addition, comparative analysis of the UT and SA ratio to the right knee lift during quadruped position push up plus was performed (p<0.05). The right was found to be a significant statistic compared to the left, but the left SA increased the muscle activity of the left knee lift during quadruped position push up plus (p<0.05). The left SA muscle activity was higher than right. In addition, comparative analysis of UT and SA ratio to the left knee lift during quadruped position push up plus was performed (p<0.05). The left was found to be a significance statistic than the right. In addition, the interaction effect between the groups showed significant differences (p<0.05). Conclusion: Knee lift during push up plus is recommended for the selective activation of a research exercise protocol of one side of the serratus anterior.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.447-449
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is measured surface acoustic wave(SAW) characteristics to confirm utilization possibility as SAW sensor using new Pb(Mg$_{1}$3/Nb$_{2}$3/) $O_3$-PbTiO$_3$ (PMN-PT) piezoelectric substrate. We have tried to see if the material can be practically available as a new surface acoustic wave (SAW) biosensor to detect protein. The experimental results clarified that the frequency filtering of the central frequency of the PMN-PT substrate is a superior result to that of the LiTaO$_3$ (LT) substrate, but the result was not completely satisfactory. We know there is a problem in the design of inter-digital transducer (IDT) pattern. The waves transferred through the input terminal forms SAW which is sure to be transferred to the direction of the output terminal and the backward direction of the input terminal. This reflected wave is reiterated with SAW, which is transferred to the output direction, and so the frequency filtering gives a not good result. The electromechanical coupling coefficient of the PMN-PT substrate is excellent, and we can use it as a SAW sensor, in the near future, provided that there will be a new IDT design to increase the frequency filtering.