• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.281-287
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• 2020

Dasan(茶山) Jeong Yak-yong wrote many works in various fields. His ideas and philosophy formed a mountain range. First, his aesthetic ideas improved from Dam(淡) to Dam(澹;light), and further to Dam (膽;courage). Because Dasan had the courage to make changes, this was possible. Second, Dasan has the aesthetic idea of Yun(韻). This can be seen in his life pursuing the quaint. Because Dasan was unable to participate in reality due to exile, so he was able to create our culture through many writings. First, Un-Rim-San-Bang(雲林山房) in Sochi Heoyu is the origin of our Namjong Literary Painting, and its origin is Dasan. Second, Dasan pursued Silhak(實學), and applies it to reality. It is Silsagusi(實事求是). Thirdly, Dasan pursued Enjoying Together with People(與民同樂). Aesthetics ideas of Dasan showed the Korean characteristics.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.11
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• pp.123-148
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• 1998

Every purchase involves both the cost of the item and the monetary and nonmonetary secondary costs of shopping, arranging the purchase and getting the purchased item home. Along with the cost of the item secondary costs in time, money and effort can be important determinants of shopper's behavior. Studies of shopper's movements within urban areas suggest there are important differences between shoppers in their willingness to incur the secondary costs of shopping downtown or in distance sections of the city. The purpose of this paper is identifies difference purchase activities between inshoppers and outshoppers. and This paper has two major objectives. (1) It seeks to provide answers to the reasons of the outshbpping based on the findings of a study undertaken in a medium-sized city. (2) It seeks to provide information to the outshopper's characteristics. based on the analysis of the data for consumer's demographic, life style characteristics.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.778-792
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• 2003

This study is to review, in the social and cultural context, the main causes for the sportism that prevails in modern fashion, and to analyze the typical expressions in the domestic fashion. Many factors attribute to the advent of sportism such as rapid development and cultural changes toward sports, increase in leisure time and abundant opportunities, new fashion materials resulting from new technologies, emerging youth culture and increasing preference for such culture, and the postmodernism. With this background, sportism, which has been appearing in the domestic fashion, falls into 5 categories as follows based on the type of its expression. “Urban Street Sportism” is affected by the new sports culture of urban young people, which is characterized such that body line is disregarded with over-sized garment in layered style without considering T.P.O. concept. “Romantic Sportism” applies colors, fabrics and details of romantic images to sporty items, or culminates the feminine and elegant sportism by using the sporty fabrics and details along with romantic items. “Vintage Sportism” is characterized by its well-refined, high quality expression of naturally worn for long time, which is affected by the postmodernism. “Urban Utility Sportism,” which is developed with such design factors as fabrics, styles, details and colors with emphasis on their utility and functionality, explicitly accommodates the changed modern life styles particularly in urban areas. Lastly, the military image, which was developed during the Iraq War along with simultaneous anti-war activities, and the peace messages, which deliver the mankind's hope for the world peace and social wellness, formulate the “Military Sportism”.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 1999

This study investigated the differences in dietary intake, age, body mass index(BMI), marital status and education of 1,585 Korean healthy males among current smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. Dietary intake was determined by a food frequency questionnaire at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. A bioelectric impedance analyzer measured height, body weight and BMI. This study identified 50% of the study group as current smokers and 30% as ex-smokers and 20% as non-smokers. The mean body mass index was 23.7kg/㎡ and did not differ significantly among the three groups. THe current smokers were younger(44.9 years old) and contained a lower percentage(58.5%) of college graduate than that of ex-smokers or non-smokers. The percentage of non-consumers of meat, eggs, beans and bean products was higher in non-smokers than that of ex-smokers or current smokers. Smoking was to a significant degree positively related to the amount of coffee and alcoholic beverages consumed and negatively related to the amount of milk and milk products and fruits consumed. The intake of eggs, milk and milk products, fruit, coffee, sweets, fats and oils were significantly different among the three groups. after adjusting for age, education level, marital status, and alcohol consumption. There was a strong positive relationship between smoking intensity and the intake of coffee and alcoholic beverages(p<0.0005), and an inverse relationship between smoking intensity and fruit, milk and milk product intake(p<0.005). The current smokers were characterized by a higher intake of total energy and cholesterol, and a lower intake of dietary fibers, ${\beta}$-carotine and folate than those of non-smokers or ex-smokers. The nutrient intake of ex-smokers was moderate and highest in ${\beta}$-carotine and folate, which suggested that ex-smokers were trying to change their life style.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.423-432
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• 2002

This study was conducted to test the validity of characteristics of family nursing phenomena in Korea identified in a previous study by Yoon, S. Y, et al. (1999). Data for this study were collected from 355 (first measurement 186, second measurement 169) nurses whose family nursing careers were more than one year using a cross sectional survey method. The distribution per one characteristic ranged between 0 to 5. The phenomena that had two or more characteristics and had a score of 3.0 points or more included disturbance in marital role', 'disturbance in family communication', 'inappropriate family coping', 'lack of family intimacy', 'unhealthy life style', 'deficit of financial management skill and support', 'inadequate care management sick member', and' inadequate home-making'. The essential characteristics of the 8 phenomena presented above included 27 items. Further studies on family nursing phenomena in Korea are needed to support the evidence through surveys of families in the field. A reconfirmation study, as well as qualitative research on the low validity of the characteristics, needs to be more performed in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.117-129
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• 2015

This study is to find out the changes and features of male consumers' life style and purchase tendency according to the change of Korean fashion market, and based on which to suggest the design for the 20s men as well as a proper distribution channel for it. Documentary research and investigation were done together for the study. By reviewing documents focused on previous studies and declaring the change of men's fashion shopping tendencies and the following changes and features of their fashion sense and styles a conceptional frame for a design suggestion was presented. Ways to investigate were men's wear collection research, Q-technique. First of all, they tend to boldly reduce unnecessary purchases and do not hesitate to focus on the wanted item, expanding the trend of 'value purchase.' Secondly, men's wear use various design elements with feminine images, while the materials, colors and design expressive techniques that have been exclusively used for women's wear, began to be applied to men's one, turning them into gentle styles with womanhood is stressed. Thirdly, Korean distribution channel is rapidly diversified from departments to new-concept ones such as multi-brand stores. Especially, displaying and selling various optional products, multi-brand stores lead such diversification of fashion distribution channel. Fourthly, features of the drapery types favored by the 20s men are that they like no-chromed dark or blackish colors with fixed structure and partially-applied drapery on the clothes. Fifthly, it turns out that men in their 20s set a premium on design and price while they buy clothes. In addition to that, they buy clothes mainly during discount period and displayed much bigger satisfaction for the purchase on discounted price that those on normal price.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.313-318
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• 1994

To build a suitable National Health Care System for the coming 21s1 century, Nursing must also be renewed. The future Korea will be united and the majority of its population will raidly consist of the aged. Economically standing on the same level with developed countries the growth of scientific technologies will foster communications, firing astounding changes in the medical field. While the overall life style pattern of Koereans not to mention the structure of diseases undergo change, the possibility that the reckless induction of high-tech health care may only cause medical fees to eascafate. It can전so be expected that the health care system will evolve towards the consumers. Nursing in the 21s1 century will be of two scenarios according to WHO, which presents the role of the nurse. The first scenario is that "a gen-eric health care work force" namely a "care giver" will replace all other health professions. If Nursing does not become the compatent profession fitting to this purpose it will eventually dei out. The second scenario is that nurses who are educated in a well grounded and extensive general background and have command of a specialized area will undertake services varying from health pro-motion to treatment and rehabilitation both direct and indirectly, while supervising other personnel. The nurse here would become the "care giver". To become the necessary health care profession in the 21s1 century, nurses should be provided with more educational opportunities, variating in its con-tents, course, and system, enabling them to grow. Clair Faign points out that the minimal educational entry for the nursing profession is a 4 year undergraduate education in this aspect, now in the time to set the future of Nursing into the course of the first scenario. A new educational system stipulating a baccalaureate nursing degree is in urgent need, and aside from govermental actions nurse themseives should formaily officiallze this process, striving for quality assurance. While considering 6 years nursing education programs, multifarious degree courses for existing 3 years educated nurse should be provided Junior nursing schools must devise measures to grow into baccalaucate institutions, also. Among the existing courses, the Self Study Degree Program should be converted into RN, BSN courese provided by universities, and clinical training for the University on the Air must be supplimented, The possibility of establishing nursing courses into commercial high school programs only jeopardizes the development of the nursing profession.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to compare nutrient intakes, dietary habits, and blood components of smokers with non-smokers in the Seoul area and its vicinity. The results showed that non-smokers had higher intakes of brown rice, grains, fruit, vegetable and kimchi than the smokers. Smokers consumed more protein (p<0.001), vitamin B1 (p<0.001), vitamin B2 (p<0.007), niacin (p<0.0001), zinc (p<0.031) and phosphorus (p<0.005) than did non-smokers, whereas non-smokers' intakes of vitamin A (p<0.037), and folic acid (p<0.043) was higher than that of smokers. Individuals who smoked tended to have significantly higher levels of hemoglobin and monocytes. There were no significant differences by smoking status for dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which were in normal ranges. No significant differences by smoking status were shown for plasma homocysteine, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, vitamin C, and vitamin A. In conclusion, because smokers maintain a less healthy diet and life-style, it is to be recommended that educational programs be developed for smokers, guiding them into adopting better dietary habits in order to maintain and improve their health.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.86-100
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the food lifestyle of customers affects MSG usage at restaurants and to identify the moderating effects of customer attitude to food safety using a hierarchical regression analysis suggested by Baron & Kenny. The findings and implications can be summarized as follows. First, customers are classified into five groups: food-explore group, taste-oriented group, health-oriented, convenience-oriented group, and tradition-oriented group. Second, the convenience-oriented group has significant positive effects, and the health-oriented group and tradition-oriented group have significant negative effects on preference for MSG use at restaurants. Third, there is significant negative moderating effect of the convenience-oriented group and the tradition-oriented group between their food lifestyle and preference for MSG at restaurants.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.185-197
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• 2002

This study was conducted to analyze the factors affected morbidity for beauty artists of the limited range of motion about cerviacl, shoulder and wrist, from July 15 through August 30, 2000. Questionnaires were distributed to 373 beauty artists working in beauty shops of Taegu city. The factors included general characteristics, working conditions, life style and regular diagnosis of subject. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS program and the results of this study are summarized as follows; By the marital status, 224(86.5%) out of 259 unmarried beauty artists had the complaint of a neck(P〉0.05), and by the status of education, the complaint rate of a shoulder of beauty artists who graduated university(92.9%) is the highest(P〈0.01). In survey of complaint rates of symptom by the sleeping place, 324(86.7) out of 373 subjects had the pain in shoulder(P〈0.01), specially, beauty artists who are sleeping in bed complained the pain in shoulder more the others, in survey of complaint rates of symptom by sleeping pose, there was the significant different in neck(P〈0.01) and shoulder(P〈0.001). In survey of complaint rates of symptom by regular diagnosis, 61(85.9%) out of 71 beauty artists who took regular diagnosis and 263(87.4%) out of 302 beauty artists who didn't take regular diagnosis(P〈0.05). In conclusion, beauty artists who are on their feet for long time by official trait complaint the pain in neck and shoulder mainly. This result occurs from complex action of general characteristics and work condition and so on. In order to promote the health of beauty artists, there are needs for moderate exercise and regular diagnosis.