• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.162-163
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• 1999

The goal of this research was (1) to describe the conditions and parameters required for the cell cycle synchronization and the accumulation of large number of metaphase cells in maize and other cereal root tips, (2) to isolate intact metaphase chromosomes from root tips suitable for characterization by flow cytometry, and (3) to construct chromosome-specific libraries from maize. Plant metaphase chromosomes have been successfully synchronized and isolated from many cereal root-tips. DNA synthesis inhibitor (hydroxyurea) was used to synchronize cell cycle, follwed by treatement with trifluralin to accumulate metaphase chromosomes. Maize flow karyotypes show substantial variation among inbred lines. thish variation should be sueful in isolating individual chromosome types. In addition, flow cytometry is a useful method to measure DNA content of individual chromosomes in a genotyps, and to detect chromosomal variations. Individual chromosome peaks have been sorted from the maize hybrid B73/Mol7. Libraries were generated form the DOP-PCR amplification product from each peak. To date, we have analyzed clones from a library constructed from the maize chromosome 1 peak. Hybridization of labeled genomic DNA to clone inserts indicated that $24\%,\;18\%,\;and\;58\%$ of the clones were highly repetitive, medium repetitive, and low copy, respectively. Fifty percent of putative low cpoy clones showed single bands on inbred screening, blots, and the remaining $50\%$ were low copy repeats. Single copy clones showing polymorphism will be mapped using recombinant inbred mapping populations. Repetitive clones are being characterized by Southern blot analysis, and will be screened by in situ hybridization for their potential utility as chromosome specific markers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4101-4106
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• 2013

Alterations of cyclin D1, one of the main regulators of the cell cycle, are known to be involved in various cancers. The CCDN1 G870A polymorphism causes production of a truncated variant with a shorter half-life and thus thought to impact the regulatory effect of CCDN1. The aim of the present study was to contribute to existing results to help to determine the prognostic value of this specific gene variant and evaluate the role of CCDN1 G870A polymorphism in brain cancer susceptibility. A Turkish study group including 99 patients with primary brain tumors and 155 healthy controls were examined. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The CCDN1 genotype frequencies in meningioma, glioma and control cases were not significantly different (p>0.05). No significant association was detected according to clinical parameters or tumor characteristics; however, a higher frequency of AG genotype was recorded within patients with astrocytic or oligoastrocytic tumors. A significant association between AG genotype and gliobilastoma multiforme (GBM) was recorded within the patients with glial tumors (p value=0.048 OR: 1.87 CI% 1.010-3.463). According to tumor characteristics, no statistically significant difference was detected within astrocytic, oligoasltrocytic tumors and oligodentrioglias. However, patients with astrocytic astrocytic or oligoastrocytic tumors showed a higher frequency of AG genotype (50%) when compared to those with oligodendrioglial tumors (27.3%). Our results indicate a possible relation between GBM formation and CCDN1 genotype.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.287-291
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• 2016

For evaluating the boar semen quality, sperm motility (MOT) is an important parameter because the movement of spermatozoa indicates active metabolism, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity. Estrogen receptors 2(ESR2) is involved in estrogen related apoptosis in cell cycle spermatogenesis, but their functions have not been confirmed in pig until now. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze their association with sperm motility and kinematic characteristics. DNA samples from 105 Duroc pigs with records of semen motility and kinematic characteristics [Total motile spermatozoa (MOT), Curvilinear velocity(VCL), Straight-line velocity(VSL), the ratio between VSL and VCL(LIN), Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement(ALH)] were analyzed. A SNP in coding region of ESR2 g.35547A > G in exon 5 was associated with MOT (p < 0.05) in Duroc population. Therefore, we suggest that the porcine ESR2 gene may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar semen quality, although its functional effects were not defined yet. These results might shed new light on the roles of ESR2 in spermatogenesis as candidate gene for boar fertility, but still the lack of association across populations should be considered.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.145-148
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• 2009

To understand whether experience of cold season in reproductive behaviors in the adults of Amaurobius ferox, the paired adults of a female and a male were exposed under 'cold-treated environment' and 'not cold-treated environment', respectively. I investigated effects of the cold treatment on the brood production of A. ferox. In not cold treatment in which male-female pairs were formed in October at a temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ (${\pm}2^{\circ}C$) and continuously kept under not cold-treated environment, only 3 of 50 pairs successfully reproduced (reproduction was defined as the emergence of spiderlings). In cold treatment where individuals were kept in cold conditions for 3 months prior to pair formation, 57 out of 60 couples succeeded in reproducing. Females which did not experience the low temperature displayed strong aggressiveness toward males. This behavioral inhibition might the primary barrier to copulation of A. ferox that decrease following a period of low temperature. The reproductive inhibition might help the females to allocate the maximum amount of energy in a given environment to reaching the adult stage and to delay reproduction in unfavorable wintering conditions.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2001

Object-Oriented (OO) methodology to use the concept like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and message passing demands metrics that are different from structured methodology. There are many studies for OO software metrics such as program complexity or design metrics. But the metrics for the analysis class need to decrease the complexity in the analysis phase so that greatly reduce the effort and the cost of system development. In this paper, we propose new metrics to measure the complexity of analysis classes which draw out in the analysis phase based on Unified Process. By the collaboration complexity, is denoted by CC, we mean the maximum number of the collaborations can be achieved with each of the collaborator and detennine the potential complexity. And the interface complexity, is denoted by IC, shows the difficulty related to understand the interface of collaborators each other. We prove mathematically that the suggested metrics satisfy OO characteristics such as class size and inheritance. And we verify it theoretically for Weyuker' s nine properties. Moreover, we show the computation results for analysis classes of the system which automatically respond to questions of the it's user using the text mining technique. As we compared CC and IC to CBO and WMC, the complexity can be represented by CC and IC more than CBO and WMC. We expect to develop the cost-effective OO software by reviewing the complexity of analysis classes in the first stage of SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle).

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.720-731
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• 2001

Complexity metrics have been developed for the structured paradigm of software development are not suitable for use with the object-oriented(OO) paradigm, because they do not support key object-oriented concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism. message passing and encapsulation. There are many researches on OO software metrics such as program complexity or design metrics. But metrics measuring the complexity of classes at the OO analysis phase are needed because they provide earlier feedback to the development project. and earlier feedback means more effective developing and less costly maintenance. In this paper, we propose the new metrics to measure the complexity of analysis classes which draw out in the analysis based on RUP(Rational Unified Process). By the collaboration complexity, is denoted by CC, we mean the maximum number of the collaborations can be achieved with each of the collaborator and determine the potential complexity. And the interface complexity, is denoted by IC, shows the difficulty related to understand the interface of collaborators each other. We verify theoretically the suggested metrics for Weyuker's nine properties. Moreover, we show the computation results for analysis classes of the system which automatically respond to questions of the user using the text mining technique. As a result of the comparison of CC and CBO and WMC suggested by Chidamber and Kemerer, the class that have highly the proposed metric value maintain the high complexity at the design phase too. And the complexity can be represented by CC and IC more than CBO and WMC. We can expect that our metrics may provide us the earlier feedback and hence possible to predict the efforts, costs and time required to remainder processes. As a result, we expect to develop the cost-effective OO software by reviewing the complexity of analysis classes in the first stage of SDLC(Software Development Life Cycle).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.339-353
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• 1994

Background : The p53 gene codes for a DNA-binding nuclear phosphoprotein that appears to inhibit the progression of cells from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Mutations of the p53 gene are common in a wide variety of human cancers, including lung cancer. In lung cancers, point mutations of the p53 gene have been found in all histological types including approximately 45% of resected NSCLC and even more frequently in SCLC specimens. Mutant forms of the p53 protein have transforming activity and interfere with the cell-cycle regulatory function of the wild-type protein. The majority of p53 gene mutations produce proteins with altered conformation and prolonged half life; these mutant proteins accumulate in the cell nucleus and can be detected by immunohistochemical staining. But protein overexpression has been reported in the absence of mutation. p53 protein overexpression or gene mutation is reported poor prognostic factor in breast cancer, but in lung cancer, its prognostic significance is controversial. Method : We investigated the p53 abnormalities by nucleotide sequencing, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP), and immunohistochemical staining. We correlated these results with each other and survival in 75 patients with NSCLC resected with curative intent. Overexpression of the p53 protein was studied immunohistochemically in archival paraffin- embedded tumor samples using the D07(Novocastra, U.K.) antibody. Overexpression of p53 protein was defined by the nuclear staining of greater than 25% immunopositive cells in tumors. Detection of p53 gene mutation was done by PCR-SSCP and nucleotide sequencing from the exon 5-9 of p53 gene. Result: 1) Of the 75 patients, 36%(27/75) showed p53 overexpression by immunohistochemical stain. There was no survival difference between positive and negative p53 immunostaining(overall median survival of 26 months, disease free median survival of 13 months in both groups). 2) By PCR-SSCP, 27.6%(16/58) of the patients showed mobility shift. There was no significant difference in survival according to mobility shift(overall median survival of 27 in patients without mobility shift vs 20 months in patients with mobility shift, disease free median survival of 8 months vs 10 months respectively). 3) Nucleotide sequence was analysed from 29 patients, and 34.5%(10/29) had mutant p53 sequence. Patients with the presence of gene mutations showed tendency to shortened survival compared with the patients with no mutation(overall median survival of 22 vs 27 months, disease free median survival of 10 vs 20 months), but there was no statistical significance. 4) The sensitivity and specificity of immunostain based on PCR-SSCP was 67.0%, 74.0%, and that of the PCR-SSCP based on the nucleotide sequencing was 91.8%, 96.2% respectively. The concordance rate between the immunostain and PCR-SSCP was 62.5%, and the rate between the PCR-SSCP and nucleotide sequencing was 95.3%. Conclusion : In terms of detection of p53 gene mutation, PCR-SSCP was superior to immunostaining. p53 gene abnormalities either overexpression or mutation were not a significant prognostic factor in NSCLC patients resected with curative intent. However, patients with the mutated p53 gene showed the trends of early relapse.