• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.283-299
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• 2013

This study has been performed to identify meanings of good deaths among 350 old people aged 65 from September, 2010 until February, 2011. In this study, the subjects were asked about good meanings of death based on qualitative study of free format, and their statements were categorized into similar content areas. The results show that first, the subjects felt that the good death is a dignity death not weighing burdens to others, memorized as a good life, until th end of my life, a death receiving at home, comfortable death, a death like a sleep, with out pain, not long, a prepared process, a death after doing my best, receiving after doing my best, death after offering benevolence to others, within my beliefs, and finally a good death is after seeing good life of my descendent. These 16 free answers were also categorized into 6 meaningful areas such as considering others, at my home, comfortable scene, prepared, and death after living my wanted time.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.21-40
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• 1980

In order to take cue of the dying persons and their survivors in a more positive and affirmative atti-tube. and to understand the valuable meaning of and dying. a survey was performed to 550 cases of health care personnels including 116 nursing students. 238 medical students. 137 nurses. and 59 doctors. Samplings were made through census Procedure from the entire group of medical and nursing students in College of Medicine. Chung-Ang University. and of licenced nurses and doctors in Chung-Ang University Hospital. and in Han-Gang Sacred Heart Hospital from the first to the end of march. 1980. These collected data were computerized at KIST by SPSS programming and were statistically analyzed by chi-square test. Through content analysis of the word associated with death and descriptive analysis of the death-re-lated variables. the following conclusion in is reached. First. Total numbers of death-word percieved by health care personnels were 198 kinds. Among them, 40 kinds of words associated with death were responded from than 1% of the total. As to the 10 death related word responded by free word association method. it was revealed that individual average number of death related word was 7.70 word. which came from higher number of words in the senior students (8.96 word) or the graduates (8.10 word) compared with the freshman (6.84 word). Second. In Content specific analysis of the death related word. more frequently perceived types summarized as the following order; the affective context of death. the diseases. the disasters. the religion, the funeral ceremonies. the separation, the drakness. and the life. Third. The most prevalent 10 words associated with death which the the respondents gave response to the the first recalling word. were as following o order； the dieases. the sadness, the vanity. the darkness, the frustration. the suicide. the incurable dieases, the graves. the dead. and the catastrophes. By sex, the diease is outstanding in females, but the vanity is in males. By occupation. the vanity and the dead was frequently observed in student group including senior students. while the incurable dieases presented by doctors. Fourth. In health care personnels. the first perceived ages of death were 11.47 $\pm$3.33 years (8.14- 15.80 years). Among them. senior students were inclined to percept death at the earliest age of life (11.28years). while doctors and nurses perceived death later in their life (12.98 years). Fifth, It is revealed in this survey that the most frequently responded death perceiving motives by health care personnels ar“psychological conflict”and“death of those around them”. Death perceiving motives can be classified in two factors; personality and life circumstances. Sixth It is of interest that only 11.3% health care personnels was found to feel death as inevitable or acceptable event. whereas 58.3% deny or reject it.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate associations of spiritual well-being, attitude toward death, and quality of life among Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive in design. The data was collected from August to September 2018 with 133 AA members drawn from two provinces of South Korea. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA with Turkey tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: The existential spiritual well-being (β=.52, p<.001), attitude toward death (β=.24, p<.001), dual diagnosis (β=-.17, p=.003), occupation (β=.12, p=.035) of the participants were significant factors, which explained 63.7% of the variance of quality of life. Conclusion: The study findings highlight the need to develop psychological nursing strategies to enhance the spiritual well-being and improve a positive attitude toward death based on the job and dual diagnosis among AA members to improve their better quality of life.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.114-125
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• 2020

Purpose: This descriptive study investigated the effects of nurses' knowledge of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, death anxiety, and perceptions of hospice care on their attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. Methods: Data were collected from 262 nurses at tertiary hospitals, general hospitals, or primary hospitals in Busan, Korea, and statistically analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The participants' scores were 3.68±0.45 (out of 5) for attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, 0.65±0.15 (out of 1) for knowledge of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, 2.61±0.26 (out of 4) for death anxiety, and 4.06±0.43 (out of 5) for perceptions of hospice care. Furthermore, knowledge of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and perceptions of hospice care showed positive correlations with attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, while death anxiety showed a negative correlation. The most significant factors influencing attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment were perceptions of hospice care, followed by having experienced caring for patients who withdrew life-sustaining treatment, death anxiety, having a spouse, and ethical values, and the overall explanatory power was 43.0%. Conclusion: This study showed that perceptions of hospice were an important factor influencing nurses' attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and validate educational intervention programs that can improve perceptions of hospice care.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.103-115
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• 2020

Purpose: This descriptive study investigated the relationship between death awareness and life ethics awareness, according to life stress, among students in the department of paramedics. Methods: General characteristics were identified using means and frequency, and the differences between the two military models were analyzed using the χ²-test and t-test by dividing them into lower and higher groups based on the mean life stress score (99.76 points). Results: Those with high life stress had higher death awareness than those with low life stress at 114.11 points. In contrast, those with low life ethics experienced more severe life stress with a score of 145.61 points (t=-2.609, p=.010)(t=-2.953, p=.003). The death recognition attitude and bioethics according to the degree of living stress-showed a significant correlation between the low and high groups (r=.188, p=.043) (r=.201, p=.042). Conclusion: Paramedic students require education on how to cope with life stress. However, access to education is limited to people living in modern times. As a potential solution to this problem, observing videos on the Internet is recommended. Moreover, we suggest accessing Internet and smart phone applications for advertising/educational purposes.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.355-366
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of study was to describe operation room nurses' ethical values in relationship to the attitude and meaning of life toward organ transplantation in brain death. Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational survey design. Participants were 174 nurses who had attended to organ transplantation surgery in brain death more than once. Data were collected from September 1 to 11, 2015 and were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS 22.0. Results: Educational level, attitude on organ transplantation in brain death, and meaning of life were significant variables predicting the level of nursing ethical value, accounting for 82.6% of the variability. Conclusion: Continued education and self-development programs should be encouraged for operating room nurses to establish professional nursing ethics as well as positive meaning of life and attitude toward the organ transplantation in brain death.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.137-144
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the perception of dying with dignity and the quality of life based on the opinions of the Korean populations. The participants were selected using a stratified proportional allocation method and 1,000 adults aged between 19 and 74 years from 17 municipalities and provinces in Korea. The questionnaire consisted of 2 demographic items; 26 items on the quality of life scale; and 57 items on the perception of dying with dignity. The statistical methods used included frequency analyses, independent sample t-tests, and correlation analyses. The results showed that the quality of life was highest for the social life quality item, and that the participants who had experienced a death in the family were more likely to have statistically lower quality of life in physical, psychological, environmental, and social areas. In terms of the participants' perception on dying with dignity, the score for death preparation was the highest; specifically, the score for psychological/economic burden reduction was the highest. The quality of life of the participants showed a positive correlation in all aspects of the perception of dying with dignity: physical symptoms and control, death preparation, death environment, family and social relations, hospital treatment, psychological dignity, and spirituality. Other studies conducted with middle-aged populations showed that their quality of life was higher when they perceived the acceptance of death is important and were willing to participate in death preparation education. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of life and have a positive influence on the participants, educational programs on death preparation and dying with dignity considering all the areas of the perception of dying with dignity should be provided.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 2006

In Korea, there are constantly increasing number of cancer patients with reaching 65,000 deaths and it was 26.3% of the total number of death in 2004. Many cancer patients suffer from surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy after being diagnosed as cancer. And many of them are facing fear of death because they can't be perfectly cured. Due to patients' physical, psychological, and spiritual pain, quality of life drops dramatically. Patients' families also suffer from huge medical expenses while they have to take care of patients's suffering from pain. At the same time, family's attitude can influence on the quality of patients' life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the death orientation of first care giver and the quality of life of hospice patient. The subjects of the study were 80 hospice patients registered at ten hospice institutions with hospice team and medical practitioners in six cities including Seoul as well as their first care givers. This study used 13 questions for the hospice patients and nine questions for the first care givers to recognize general characteristic. To measure death orientation of the first care giver the tool developed by Noh, Soon-hee (2003) was used. And to measure quality of life of the hospice patients Yoo, Seung-yeon's structured tool was used. The data were collected for a month through interview method. SPSS win 12.0 was used to analyze the data by using frequency, percentage, t-test, Pearson correlation. The study result is as follows. In relationship between general characteristic of hospice patient and quality of life, the highest suffering was pain (60%) and the second suffering was anorexia (23.8%). There was no significant relationship between physical pain and general characteristics of hospice patient. In psychological aspects, religion (p=.044) showed significant difference (p<.05). In existential aspects, age (p=.035) showed significant difference (p<.05). There was no significant difference variable in support aspects. And religion (p=.000) was statistically significant variable in spiritual aspects (p<.001). Age (p=0.025) and religion (p=.050) were the variable showed significant difference according to general characteristics of first care giver's death orientation. Although the relation between death orientation of first care giver and quality of life of hospice patient was not statistically significant correlation. In conclusion, while death orientation of first care giver and hospice patient's quality of life are not statistically significant in correlation analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.169-176
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• 2017

This study, a non-equal prior and post quasi-experimental research on a control group, investigates the nursing students' change of perception on the meaning of life, death, well-dying and hospice in order to elucidate its effect. The study subjects were 38 students registered in the Department of Nursing Science in C University located in A city as the experimental group and another 36 students registered in the Department of Nursing Science in P University in P city as the control group. Death preparation education was conducted from February 29 through April 20, 2016. A 90-minute session was conducted each week for eight weeks and the data were analyzed by $x^2-test$ and t-test. In line with four domains of death education, i.e., cognition, emotion, practice and value, death preparation education was composed by imparting meaning to life and focusing on the perception on death, well-dying and hospice. From the study results, death preparation education enhanced nursing students' perception on the meaning of life, well-dying and hospice, and hence helped nursing students grant meaning to their lives and establish right values of life. Thus, it acted as a driving force for nursing students to live positive lives and is expected to be utilized as useful education which cultivates right perception on well-dying and hospice. However, in the absence of any significant difference in perception of death, repeated follow-up studies are required to verify the effect on the perception on death and the change in the perception of well-dying depending on the period of application.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.140-147
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• 1984

We've reviewed 5,067 cases of claims by death that had occured for about 5 years from January, 1979 to October, 1983. As a result, We came to following conclusions; First, the greater part of deaths above mentioned were due to the Disease of Adult such as the Malignant neoplasm(18.4%), a Heart disease(10.4%), Liver cirrhosis(9.1%) and the Cerebrovascular disease(7.6%) as well as Accidental Death(26.5%), which were occupied by 72% of the whole. Second, classifying them by medical examination or non-medical, deaths in case of non-medical examination showed 80.8% of the. whole. And for age, sections ranging from 40 to 49 and from 30 to 39 took the overwhelming portions by 36.9% and 29.8% respectively, both of which showed 66.7% of the whole. Third, for the period elapsed, deaths within 1 year from the entrance showed 21.3% and that from 1 years to under 2 years, 19.9%. Thus the rate of early death under 2 years stood for 41.2% of the whole. Fourth, for occupation of the insureds, commerce occupied 20.4%, company employees 14.4%, agriculture 13.3%. These three categories marked 48.8% of the whole. From this, it appeared that the accidental death rate of the insured with the risky occupation was much greater than orthers.