• 무역상무연구
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• 제61권
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• pp.29-55
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• 2014

Subject matter of international trade are various. They contain not only tangible assets such as goods but also intangible assets including service, technology, and capital etc. Technology, a creation of the human intellect, is important as it is the main creative power to produce goods. It can be divided into Patent, Trademark, Know-how and so on. These Technologies are protected by the national and international laws on regulations for the Intellectual Property Rights(IPR), since technology development is needed a lot of time and effort, and the owner of the technology may have crucial benefits for creating and delivering better goods and services to users and customers. Therefore, any licensee who wants to use the technology which other person(licensor) owns, he(the licensee) and the original owner(the licensor) shall make Technology Transfer Contract. Differently from the International Sales Contract in which seller provides the proprietary rights of goods for buyer, in the case of International Transfer of Technology Contract, the licensor doesn't provide proprietary rights of technologies with the licensee, on the contrary the right of using is only allowed during the contract. The purpose of this paper is to examine the main issues in International Transfer of Technology Contract. This author focused on the main obligations of both parties, namely licensor's obligation to provide the technology and licensee's obligation to pay the royalty. As every country has different local mandatory laws about Intellectual Property Rights(IPR) and these mandatory rules and laws prevails over the contract, the related rules and laws should be examined carefully by both parties in advance. Especially the rules and laws about the competition limitation in the local country of licensee and the economic union(like the EU) should be checked before contracting. In addition, the contract has much more complicate and delicate aspects than other international business contracts, so both parties should review carefully before singing the contract.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 2005년도 제26회 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.42-56
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• 2005

Firms cooperating in R&D face a moral hazard problem, because with R&D effort not being observable each partner will focus on its own profit when choosing its effort level. This paper aims to explain the use of optimal license contract for R&D cooperation such as cross-licensing agreement. We argue that in the situations of asymmetric information, the optimal incentive scheme that can solve moral hazard problem is . a linear function of the likelihood ratio. Especially in the case of parallel research, each firm has an extra incentive for cooperative R&D effort, given by the license fee that considers the profit of the cooperating firm, which solely depends on his R&D success if the cooperating firm fails.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 훼손과 위조가 불가능한 블록체인 기술을 활용하여, 디지털 콘텐츠(창작물)의 지식재산권을 보호함으로서 디지털 콘텐츠(창작물)의 거래 및 유통을 활성화하는 블록체인 기반 콘텐츠 판매수익 추적 시스템 및 플랫폼을 구축한다. 콘텐츠 등록 및 수정 이력관리 스마트 컨트랙트, 콘텐츠 구매에 따른 라이센스 관리 스마트 컨트랙트, 파일, 해시 등을 통한 콘텐츠 조회 기능, Web 및 APP 서비스에서 사용 가능한 API 서버를 개발하였으며 이를 통해 디지털 콘텐츠 창작물 저작자의 권리관계를 입증하고 이를 통해 창작자의 권리보호 할 수 있게 된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.880-894
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to a) measure the IC identified of CFMC (contract foodservice management company) ,b) examine IC circumstance of CFMC, c) evaluate practically IC measurement tool of CFMC, and d) present information for selecting an adequate CFMC to clients. The questionnaires of IC measurement were handed out to 108 CFMCs, there composing of main office employees, foodservice managers, customers, and clients of 207 school,38 hospital, and 86 husiness/industry foodservices. The statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS Win (ver 12.0) for descriptive analysis, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test. First, CFMCs had operational experience for an average of 8 years and 8 months, and served an average of 38,540 meals a day. Most of the respondent companies specialized in the school foodservice field and managed an average of 66 clients for the contract period of 2 years and 3 months. Second, the respondent companies had gotten a score of 77.78 points for the total average, 77.7 points in the large enterprise group and 78.1 points in the small and medium-sized enterprise group. Therefore, the minimum number of points for the accrediting license on Qualification is suggested to be over 70 out of a 100 point scale; this study would be serve as reference for the certification license on qualification. On the level of evaluation category, the scores were 14.15 to 20 points on $\ulcorner$finance$\urcorner$, 19.24 to 25 points on $\ulcorner$customer$\urcorner$, 19.33 to 25 points on $\ulcorner$process$\urcorner$, 14.31 to 20 points on $\ulcorner$human resource$\urcorner$, and 8.6 to 10 point on $\ulcorner$renewal and development$\urcorner$ . $\ulcorner$Renewal and development$\urcorner$ and $\ulcorner$customer focus$\urcorner$ received better grades than other evaluation categories. Third, $\ulcorner$Finance$\urcorner$ indicated similar distribution overall. Small and medium-sized companies had lower grades than large companies on 'market ability' of $\ulcorner$customer$\urcorner$ , but, clients of small and medium-sized companies had higher grade for 'client satisfaction' than large companies. Most of the companies supported 'infrastructure support for foodservice operation' of $\ulcorner$process$\urcorner$ by the main office of CFMCs, but, the branch chain offices of CFMCs were not applied efficiently. Large companies made more effort to improve the 'employee ability' of $\ulcorner$human focus$\urcorner$ than small and medium-sized CFMC. The 'research and development cost' of $\ulcorner$renewal and development$\urcorner$ was increased compared to the previous year. In conclusion, if CFMCs were to perform self-evaluation and a routine checkups by utilizing CFMC's IC measuring tool, improvements in CFMC operational capacities as well as foodservice quality can be noted. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10)'880$\sim$894,2005)

• 무역상무연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.129-150
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• 2003

Software license agreements, to be useful in the mass market, could not be individually negotiated, and had to be standardized and concise. The software license agreement needs to be presented to the licensee-users in a fashion that would allow for mass distribution of software, also for it to enforceable, that would draw the users' attention to the terms and conditions under which the publisher allowed the use of the software. These needs have been accomplished, with or without fail, through so called the "shrink-wrap licenses" Shrink-wrap licenses purpose to transfer computer softwares to their users by defining the terms and conditions of use of the software without implicating the "first sale doctrine" of the Copyright Act. These shrink-wrap licenses have become essential to the software industry. However, in USA, the law applicable to these licenses has been unclear and unsettled. Courts have struggled to develop a coherent framework governing their enforceability. Meanwhile, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws ("NCCUSL") in USA promulgated the Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act ("UCITA") governing contracts for computer information transaction on July 29, 1999. One clear objective of UCITA was to settle the law governing the enforceability of shrink-wrap licenses. In these respects, this paper first introduces the various forms that shrink-wrap licenses take(at Part II. Section 1.), and explains the main advantages of them(at Part II. Section 2.) Here it shows how shrink-wrap licenses value themselves for both software publishers and users, including that shrink-wrap licenses are a valuable contracting tool because they provide vital information and rights to software users and because they permit the contracting flexibility that is essential for today's software products. Next, this paper describes the current legal framework applicable to shrink-wrap licenses in USA(at Part III). Here it shows that in USA the development of case law governing shrink-wrap licenses occurred in two distinct stages. At first stage, judicial hostility toward shrink-wrap licenses marked such that they were not enforced pursuant to Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code. At second stage, courts began to recognize the pervasiveness of shrink-wrap licenses, their indispensability to the rapidly expanding information technology industry, and the urgent need to enforce such licenses in order to maintain low prices for consumers of computer hardware or software, resulting in the recognition of shrink-wrap licenses. Finally, in view of the importance of UCITA, this paper examines how it will affect the enforceability of shrink-wrap licenses(at Part IV). The drafters of UCITA, as well as the scholars and practitioners who have criticized it, agree that it validates shrink-wrap licenses, provided certain procedural protections are afforded to purchasers. These procedural protections include the licensee end-user must (i) manifest his assent to the shrink-wrap license, (ii) have an opportunity to review the shrink-wrap license, (iii) have a right to return the product without costs.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.79-98
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• 2010

The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws promulgated the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) in 1999. In 2000 and 2002, this Act was also Amended. UCITA provides a comprehensive set of rules for licensing computer information, whether computer software or other clearly identified forms of computer information. Computerized databases and computerized music are other examples of computer information that would be subject to UCITA. It would also govern access contracts to sites containing computer information, whether on or off the Internet. UCITA would not govern contracts, even though they may be licensing contracts, for the traditional distribution of movies, books, periodicals, newspapers, or the like. Part 8 of UCITA provides a remedy structure somewhat modeled on that of Article 2 but adapted in significant respects to the different context of a computer information transaction. For example, 808 of UCITA recognizes the focus in a license context for a licensor's remedy should properly be on recovery for benefit conferred or for lost profit, rather than on damage measurement by a substitute transaction, where the license is non-exclusive so additional transactions are permitted and there is very little cost in reproduction of the information and its redistribution. Section 816 of UCITA also contains very important limitations on the generally recognized common law right of self-help as applicable in the electronic context.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2020

서비스 유료화로 제공되는 해외 전자저널의 구독료 상승은 국내 대학들의 라이센스 갱신을 더욱 어렵게 만들고 있다. 미국의 대학들과 유럽의 일부 정부에서는 구독료 상승문제를 해결하기 위한 목적으로 여러 형태의 오픈액세스 모델을 파일럿 형태로 시도하고 있다. 한편, 국내에서는 아직 오픈액세스 접근 모델에 대한 연구자들 사이에 필요한 논의가 적절히 이루어지지 않았고, 새로운 라이센스 계약 사례도 찾기 어려운 상황이다. 이 논문에서는 미국과 유럽에서 Elsevier 출판사를 상대로 시도되는 오픈액세스 기반의 다양한 모델을 소개하였고, 국내에서의 적용 가능성도 정성적으로 살펴보았다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1038-1043
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• 2021

안정적인 선원 수급을 위해서는 선원의 임금 보장이 필수적이다. 하지만 선원들이 임금을 제대로 받지 못하는 임금체불 분쟁이 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선원 임금체불을 해결하기 위해 블록체인 기반 스마트 컨트랙트를 이용하여 임금지불 자동체결시스템을 설계하였다. 설계한 시스템은 정보등록부, 매칭처리부, 평점관리부, 스마트 컨트랙트를 배포하기 위한 임금 송금 등으로 구성된다. 매칭처리부는 선원과 선주의 자동알림설정을 위해 임금, 선종/어업, 직위, 면허 등 4가지 변수의 가중치 합이 임계값보다 넘으면 전송되도록 설계하였다. 또한, 평상시 근로조건을 상호 간 잘 이행해 나갈 수 있는 매개체 역할을 위해 평균과 중앙값을 조합하여 평점관리방식을 제시하였다. 스마트 컨트랙트는 중개자 없이 당사자 간 근로계약을 자동으로 이행하게 함으로써 선주에 의한 임금체불 문제뿐만 아니라 선원에 의한 선불금 사기, 무등록 직업소개소업자의 횡령, 선원수첩 위조 등의 문제들이 자연히 해결될 것이다. 이러한 시스템 설계가 상용화되어 제도적으로 활성화될 경우, 선원에게는 안정적인 임금보장과 더불어 선주에게는 인력수급의 어려움이 해결될 것으로 기대된다. 향후 본 시스템 개발을 위해 로컬 환경에서 테스트할 예정이다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.609-612
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• 2007

최근 정보의 디지털화가 보편화되면서, 웹상에서 전자자원의 이용을 원하는 이용자들의 증가와 함께 전자자원이 이를 생성한 개인(또는 기업 등)의 소유물(자산), 즉 라이선스라는 개념이 부각되고 있다. 이용자의 전자자원의 접근과 이용은 라이선스 계약 조건 범위 내에서 허용되어야 하므로 전자자원의 라이선스와 관련한 데이터요소들의 개발 및 이를 통한 체계적 관리가 필요하다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 이와 같이 전자자원의 라이선스 계약을 용이하게 하기위해 전자자원을 효율적으로 관리할 수 있는 전자자원 라이선스 관련 표준 메타데이터를 설정하고, 타 메타데이터와의 교환과 통합을 위한 기본정보를 제공하는 Information Model을 설계하였다.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제23호
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• pp.213-243
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• 2011

본 논문은 공연예술의 저작권을 이해하는 하나의 도구로써 공연예술의 산업화를 우리보다 먼저 경험한 미국의 뮤지컬 시장에서의 사례 및 논의를 살펴본다. 특별히 무대연출 저작권에 관련한 사건을 모아서 뮤지컬 <가장 행복한 녀석>, <사랑! 용기! 연민!>, <탬린>, <유린타운> 사례를 소개하였다. 아직까지 미국에서 무대연출의 저작권을 인정하고 있다고 말할 만 한 단계는 아니지만 공연예술의 무대연출에 관한 저작권 논의들이 계속 있어왔다. 무대연출의 저작권보호 요건에 관해서 무대연출이 과연 저작권보호 받을 수 있는 대상에 해당하는가, 창작성이 인정될 수 있는가, 매체에 고정요건을 충족시킬 수 있는가에 관하여 논의되었다. 그리고 무대연출의 저작자는 누가되는가 하는 문제에 있어서는 업무상저작물로 보게 될 경우, 공동저작물로 보게 될 경우로 나눠서 살펴보았다. 또한 미국에서 무대연출의 저작권관련 계약이 실제로 어떻게 이뤄지고 있는지, 계약의 범위 밖에 있는 무대연출의 저작권침해에 대한 주장은 어떻게 할 수 있는지 소개하였다. 이 논문은 궁극적으로 공연예술의 저작권에 대한 이해를 목적으로 하며, 국내 상황에 맞는 공연계약 문화 수립 및 건전한 공연창작 환경을 조성하는데 일조하고자 한다.