• 전기화학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2013

리튬2차전지용 양극소재인 $Li(Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.3})O_2$를 공침법을 이용해 $Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.3}(OH)_2$ 전구체로부터 합성하였고, 공침조건을 조절하여 전구체의 1차 입자 형상을 Flake형상과 Needle형상으로 제어하였다. 동일한 공정으로 리튬과 혼합하고 열처리하여, 입도, 탭밀도, 화학적 성분 등이 동일한 분체물성의 양극 소재를 합성하였다. 전구체의 1차입자 형상에 따른 $Li(Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.3})O_2$의 전기화학적 특성을 평가하고, 이 특성의 변화를 SEM, XRD, EELS로 이용하여 분석하여 연관성을 고찰하였다. Needle형상 전구체로 합성한 $Li(Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.3})O_2$ 양극의 1차입자는 Flake형상 전구체로 합성한 경우보다 작고, EELS결과로는 입자표면의 Li농도가 내부보다 상대적으로 높았다. 전기화학적인 수명과 출력특성에서 Needle형상 전구체로 합성한 양극이 Flake형상 전구체의 경우보다 우수한 특성을 보였는데, 임피던스 측정으로부터 낮은 전하이동저항에 연관되어 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2010

Ultrathin atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings were found to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Previous studies have demonstrated that $LiCoO_2$ cathode powders coated with metal oxides with thicknesses of $\sim100-1000{\AA}$ grown using wet chemical techniques improved LIB performance. In this study, $LiCoO_2$ powders were coated with conformal $Al_2O_3$ ALD films with thicknesses of only $\sim3-4{\AA}$ established using 2 ALD cycles. The coated $LiCoO_2$ powders exhibited a capacity retention of 89% after 120 charge-discharge cycles in the 3.3~4.5 V (vs. $Li/Li^+$) range. In contrast, the bare $LiCoO_2$ powders displayed only a 45% capacity retention. This dramatic improvement may result from the ultrathin $Al_2O_3$ ALD film acting to minimize Co dissolution or to reduce surface electrolyte reactions.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1993년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.79-84
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• 1993

This paper describes the development of lithium rechargeable cell. $LiCoO_2$ is recently recognized as a suitable cathode active material of a high voltage, high energy lithium rechargeable batteries because $Li^+$ ion can be electrochemically deintercalated/intercalated from/to $Li_xCoO_2$. The transition metal oxide of $LiCoO_2$ was investigated for using as a cathode active material of 4V class Li rechargeable cell. $LiCoO_2$ cathode was prepared by using a active material of 85 wt%, graphite powder of 12 wt% as a conductor and poly-vinylidene fluoride of 3 wt% as a binder. The electrochemical and charge/discharge properties of $LiCoO_2$ were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge. The open circuit voltage of prepared $LiCoO_2$ electrode exhibited approximately. potential range between 3.32V and 3.42V. During the galvanostatic charge/discharge, $LiCoO_2/Li$ cell showed stable cycling behavior at scan rate of 1mV/sec and potential range between 3.6V and 4.2V. Also its coulombic efficiency as function of cycling was 81%~102%. In this study the $LiCoO_2/Li$ cell showed the available discharge capacity of 90.1 mAh/g at current density of $1mA/cm^2$ and cell discharge voltage range between 3.6V~4.2V.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.123-129
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• 1999

리튬이온전지용 $LiCoO_2$ 전극의 super s black 도전재료의 함량에 따른 초기 충방전 특성을 1 mol/l $LiPF_6/EC+DEC(1:3\;by\;w/w)$의 전해액에서 리튬기준전극에 대하여 4.3 V에서 2.0 V의 전위 구간에 대하여 C/4 및 C/2율로 충방전하여 측정하였다. 최초의 충전과정에서 high impedance충전 특성을 보였으며, super s black도전재료를 $3\%w/w$ 사용한 경우, $0.5 mA/cm^2$ 전류밀도의 충전에서 high impedance의 해소에 따라 $3.82\;{\Omega}\;{\cdot}\;g-LiCoCo_2$의 저항 감소를 나타내었으며, $0.728\;{\Omega}{\cdot}g-LiCoCo_2$의 전극저항과 비교하여 약 7배 높은 값을 나타내었다. 제2차 충전에의 high impedance해소는 약 $63\;{\Omega}{\cdot}g-LiCoCo_2$으로서 전극저항의 $12\%$ 정도이며, 제1차 충전의 high impedance해소에 비하여 $1.7\%$의 수준으로 감소하였다. 제1차 충전 및 방전 비용량은 C/4방전율에서 각각 160-161 및 $153\~155mAh/g-LiCoO_2$으로, 쿨롱효율은 $95.4\~96.4\%$였으며, 비가역 비용량은 약 6 mAh/g-$LiCoO_2$였다. 충전종료 지점에서 측정한 비저항은 도전재료 함량 $2\~7\%w/w$범위에서 낮은 값을 나타내어 비가역 비용량 특성의 변화와 일치하였다. 도전재료의 함량 증가에 따라 용량밀도가 감소하였으며, C/4율 방전에서 super s black함량 $2\%w/w$와 $2.9\%w/w$의 도전재료를 사용한 전극의 용량밀도는 각각 447mAh/ml 및 431 mAh/ml였다

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.424-430
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• 2001

Cut-off 전압 변화에 따른 충방전 특성을 알아보기 위하여 Mn을 다른 전이 금속이 Co와 Ni로 소량 치환시킨 Li(M $n_{1-{\delta}}$ $n_{\delta}$)$_2$ $O_4$(M=Ni, Co, $\delta$=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2)를 고상 반응법으로 80$0^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 동안 유지하여 합성하였다. 충방전의 cut-off 전압은 2.5~4.4V, 3.0~4.5V, 3.5~4.5V, 3.5V~4.7V의 네 가지 전압범위고 하였다. 충방전 실험결과, Li(M $n_{1-{\delta}}$ $n_{\delta}$)$_2$ $O_4$의 용량은 각각 Co와 Ni의 $\delta$=0.1에서 최대를 보였다. Co 치환 조성 재료와 순물질 모두에서 최대의 용량을 보인 cut-off 전압대는 3.5~4.5V 이었는데 이때의 Li(M $n_{0.9}$ $Co_{0.1}$)$_2$ $O_4$와 LiM $n_2$ $O_4$의 초기 충전용량과 초기 방전용량은 각각 118, 119mAh/g과 114, 104mAh/g 이었다. 또한 모든 cut-off 전압대에서 Li(M $n_{0.9}$ $Co_{0.1}$)$_2$ $O_4$는 순수한 LiM $n_2$ $O_4$보다 더 높은 용량과 우수한 싸이클 성능을 보였으며 그 결과는 밀착형 전지구성에서도 일치하였다.하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.18
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• pp.238-239
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• 2005

The effects of $Li_2CO_3$ addition on the sintering behavior of $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}TiO_3$ ceramic have been investigated. The amount of $Li_2CO_3$ was varied from 1 wt% to 5 wt%. The crystalline and dielectric properties were investigated through X-ray diffraction and frequency dependent permittivity, respectively.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2003

$LiMn_2O_4$ catalyst for $CO_2$ decomposition was synthesized by oxidation method for 30 min at 600$^{\circ}C$ in an electric furnace under air condition using manganese(II) nitrate $(Mn(NO_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O)$, Lithium nitrate ($LiNO_3$) and Urea $(CO(NH_2)_2)$. The synthesized catalyst was reduced by $H_2$ at various temperatures for 3 hr. The reduction degree of the reduced catalysts were measured using the TGA. And then $CO_2$ decomposition rate was measured using the reduced catalysts. Phase-transitions of the catalysts were observed after $CO_2$ decomposition reaction at an optimal decomposition temperature. As the result of X-ray powder diffraction analysis, the synthesized catalyst was confirmed that the catalyst has the spinel structure, and also confirmed that when it was reduced by $H_2$, the phase of $LiMn_2O_4$ catalyst was transformed into $Li_2MnO_3$ and $Li_{1-2{\delta}}Mn_{2-{\delta}}O_{4-3{\delta}-{\delta}'}$ of tetragonal spinel phase. After $CO_2$ decomposition reaction, it was confirmed that the peak of $LiMn_2O_4$ of spinel phase. The optimal reduction temperature of the catalyst with $H_2$ was confirmed to be 450$^{\circ}C$(maximum weight-increasing ratio 9.47%) in the case of $LiMn_2O_4$ through the TGA analysis. Decomposition rate(%) using the $LiMn_2O_4$ catalyst showed the 67%. The crystal structure of the synthesized $LiMn_2O_4$ observed with a scanning electron microscope(SEM) shows cubic form. After reduction, $LiMn_2O_4$ catalyst became condensed each other to form interface. It was confirmed that after $CO_2$ decomposition, crystal structure of $LiMn_2O_4$ catalyst showed that its particle grew up more than that of reduction. Phase-transition by reduction and $CO_2$ decomposition ; $Li_2MnO_3$ and $Li_{1-2{\delta}}Mn_{2-{\delta}}O_{4-3{\delta}-{\delta}'}$ of tetragonal spinel phase at the first time of $CO_2$ decomposition appear like the same as the above contents. Phase-transition at $2{\sim}5$ time ; $Li_2MnO_3$ and $Li_{1-2{\delta}}Mn_{2-{\delta}}O_{4-3{\delta}-{\delta}'}$ of tetragonal spinel phase by reduction and $LiMn_2O_4$ of spinel phase after $CO_2$ decomposition appear like the same as the first time case. The result of the TGA analysis by catalyst reduction ; The first time, weight of reduced catalyst increased by 9.47%, for 2${\sim}$5 times, weight of reduced catalyst increased by average 2.3% But, in any time, there is little difference in the decomposition ratio of $CO_2$. That is to say, at the first time, it showed 67% in $CO_2$ decomposition rate and after 5 times reaction of $CO_2$ decomposition, it showed 67% nearly the same as the first time.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
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• pp.947-950
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• 2004

[ $ZnCr_2O_4$ ]에 $Li_2CO_3$를 $5{\sim}30wt%$ 범위에서 정량적으로 첨가한 감습재료에서 screen printing법으로 알루미나 기판 위에 후막으로 인쇄하고 $650\sim750^{\circ}C$에서 소결하여 후막 습도센서를 제작하였으며, $30\sim90%RH$ 범위에서 상대습도에 따른 저항 및 정전용량 특성을 조사하였다. $ZnCr_2O_4$에 $Li_2CO_3$가 5wt%가 첨가된 조성의 센서는 70%RH이상에서, 25wt%이상 첨가된 조성의 센서는 40%RH이하에서 저항 및 정전용량이 급격히 변화하는 switching 현상을 나타내었다. 반면, $ZnCr_2O_4$에 $Li_2CO_3$가 15wt%가 첨가된 조성의 센서는 선형적으로 저항은 감소하였고, 정전용량은 증가하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.515-515
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• 2007

$LiCoO_2$ powder was synthesized by Sol-Gel method using inorganic materials. The starting materials, $CH_3COOLi^*2H_2O\;and\;Co(CH_3COO)_2{^*}4H_2O$, were mixed in the atomic ratio Li/Co of 1 and dissolved in i-propanol with acetic acid. The solution was dried for gelation, and finally obtained the pre-powder. The pre-powder were studied by thermal analysis. Based on the TGA result, heat treatment was performed at various temperature(500 to $800^{\circ}C$) for 2h in air atmosphere. The crystal structure, morphology, electrochemical property were carried out using XRD, SEM, cyclic voltammetry(CV).

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.6
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• pp.303-304
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• 2005

Add $Li_2CO_3$ to $(Ba_{0.6}Sr_{0.4})$ $TiO_3$ powder to lower sitering temperature in this research, made thick film by tape casting method. Investigated about sitering temperature and physical properties that added $Li_2CO_3$ Even if lower sitering temperature about $200^{\circ}C$ adding $Li_2CO_3$ 10wt.%, density was near to 5.7$g/cm^3$ that is theoretical values, and crystal structure examined as perobeuseukaiteu senior after sintering.