• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.433-438
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• 2014

There is an increasing interest in the development of rechargeable batteries suitable for use in both hybrid electric vehicles and energy storage systems that require higher charge & discharge rates, bigger battery sizes and increased safety of the batteries. Spinel-type lithium titanium oxide ($Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$) as a potential anode for lithium ion batteries has many advantages. It is a zero-strain materials and it experiences no structural change during the charge/discharge precess. Thus, it has long cycle life due to its structural integrity. It also offers a stable operation voltage of approximately 1.55 V versus $Li^+/Li$, above the reduction potential of most organic electrolyte. In this study, Ru added $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ composites were synthesized by solid state process. The characteristics of active material were investigated with TGA-DTA, XRD, SEM and charge/discharge test. The capacity was reduced when Ru was added, however, the polarization decreased. The capacity rate of $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ with Ru (3%, 4%) addition was reduced during the charge/discharge precess with 10 C-rate as a high current density.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.995-1001
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• 1998

As a basic study for cathode materials of {{{{ { {LiMn }_{2 }O }_{4 } }}-based lithium-ion secondary batteries Li({{{{ { { { {Mn }_{1-$\delta$ }Nb }_{$\delta$} )}_{2 }O }_{4 } }} ($\delta$=0.05, 0.1, 0.2) materials which Nb is substituted for Mn were synthesized by the solid state reaction at 80$0^{\circ}C$ and 110$0^{\circ}C$ respectively. The second phase {{{{ { LiNbO}_{3 } }} appeared above $\delta$=0.1 As the result of im-pedance analysis as the amount of substituted Nb increased the resistivity of grain boundary increased greatly. Compared to undoped-{{{{ { {LiMn }_{2 }O }_{4 } }} the electrical conductivity of Li({{{{ { { { {Mn }_{1-$\delta$ }Nb }_{$\delta$} )}_{2 }O }_{4 } }} decreased slightly but is charging capacity and potential plateau increased.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2016.07a
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• pp.411-412
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• 2016

최근 퍼스널 모빌리티에 대한 관심과 수요가 증대됨에 따라 전기에너지를 구동원으로 하는 소형 이동형 제품을 생활속에서 쉽게 접할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 퍼스널 모빌리티 제품은 자이로센서 기술이 접복된 바퀴가 하나인 외발 전동휠과 세그웨이류의 제품, 전동퀵보드, 전동스쿠터 등 다양한 제품이 출시되고 있다. 또한 이들 제품의 구동전원은 대부분 리튬이차전지가 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 충전과 방전을 반복하는 다셀이 직렬로 구성된 리튬 이차전지 배터리팩에서 발생되는 셀간 편차와 이로 인해 배터리팩의 전체적인 효율성이 저하되는 것을 방지하는 셀 밸런싱에 관한 기술로 과거 완속형의 표준충전에 적합한 1단 밸런싱의 문제점을 보완하기 위해 표준충전과 급속충전을 임의로 선택하여 사용하는 경우에도 정상적인 셀 밸런싱 수행은 물론 빠른 셀 밸런싱을 수행하기 위한 기법에 대해 살펴보았다.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2013

Solid state lithium oxide compounds of layered structure, which has high stability of structure, are mainly used as the cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Recently, the investigation of Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) between active materials and electrolyte has been focusing to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries. For the investigation of the SEI, the study of surface properties of cathode materials and anode materials is also required in advance. $LiNiO_2$ and $LiCoO_2$ are very similar layered structure of cathode active materials and representative solid state lithium oxide compounds in LIBs. Various experimental and theoretical studies have been doing for $LiCoO_2$. The theoretical investigation of $LiNiO_2$ is not sufficient, however, even if experimental studies of $LiNiO_2$ are enough. In this study, the surface energies of nine facets of $LiNiO_2$ crystal facets were calculated by Density Functional Theory. In XRD data of $LiNiO_2$, (003), (104), (101), et al. facets are main surfaces in order. However, the results of calculation are different with XRD data. Thus, both (104) and (101) facets, which are energetically stable and measured in XRD, are mainly exposed in the surface of $LiNiO_2$ and it is expected that intercalation and de-intercalation of Li-ion will be affected by them.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.114-121
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• 2016

This study investigates a CFD modeling of the charge-discharge behavior due to heat generation during charge-discharge cycles of a Li-ion secondary battery(LIB). Present LIB system adopted a current-density equation, heat and mass transfer governing equations upon the 1-dimensional system to the thickness direction for the rectangular pouch configuration. According to the 3-kinds of the charge-discharge current densities of 1C($17.5A/m^2$), 3C($52.5A/m^2$) and 5C($87.5A/m^2$) subject to a 3 V of cut-off voltage, a constant-temperature system at 298 K and three different heat generating systems were analyzed with comparison. Battery capacity decreases with increment of charge-discharge densities not only at the constant-temperature system but also at the heat-generating system. The time for charge-discharge cycles increases at the heat-generating system compare to the constant-temperature system. These trends are considered that the increase of temperature due to heat generation causes the decrement of equilibrium potential of electrodes and the increment of diffusivity of Li ions. Furthermore, cooling effects were discussed in order to control the influence of heat generation due to charge-discharge behavior of a Li-ion secondary battery.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.489-493
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• 2013

The most common carbonaceous anode materials of lithium ion batteries (natural graphite, artificial graphite, hard carbon, and mesocarbon microbeads) were utilized as an electrode in lithium ion capacitors. It could be able to enhance the energy density of capacitors due to the intercalation of lithium ion. In this work, the properties of capacitors using the symmetric electrode were measured by organizing coin cell typed capacitors. Also, we made other capacitors having pre-intercalated lithium ions at one side of the electrode. The results of electrochemical measurements for these capacitors show that the storage capacitance was appeared. In other words, if the migration of lithium ions is supplied continuously in the electrolytes, lithium ions can be diffused into the carbonaceous materials. And it results in the improvement of capacitance compared to only using symmetric carbonaceous electrodes. Also, we conducted the same measurement with graphene oxide having a the large specific area in the same condition. Herein, we recognized that the large specific area is extremely important for supercapacitors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.589-594
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• 2014

Recently, higher capacity and energy density of lithium ion batteries are increasingly demanded for enhancing their performance in view of the rise in the commercial distribution of electric and hybrid vehicles. Computational analysis of a porous structure of vanadium pentoxide cathode was performed, employing a phase field model. The incipient model was designed as a spherical structure with cylindrical-shaped pores. Modifying the diameters and lengths of the pore cylinder and the number of pores, we considered different conditions for the porous vanadium pentoxide cathodes for analyzing their effect on the amount of lithium ion intercalated to them. Subsequently, we optimized the porous structure to contain the largest amount of intercalated lithium ion during discharge.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.807-812
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• 2015

Li-ion batteries are energy sources that are widely used in applications such as notebooks, cellular phones, power tools, and vehicles. They are devices in which stored chemical energy is changed to electrical energy by electrochemical reactions. They have a high energy density, small size, and are lightweight. In particular, power tools and vehicles require high charge/discharge rates. Therefore, in this paper, we perform electrochemical simulations using a commercial finite-element analysis program to determine the high discharge-rate characteristics of Li-ion cells. In addition, by performing high discharge-rate simulations, we found that the limited discharge current was 63 A. Based on the results obtained, we investigate the behavior of Li-ion cells with a high rate of discharge.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.320-326
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• 2018

In this study, Graphite/Silicon/Carbon (G/Si/C) composites were synthesized to improve the electrochemical properties of Graphite as an anode material of lithium ion battery. The prepared G/Si/C composites were analyzed by XRD, TGA and SEM. Also the electrochemical performances of G/Si/C composites as the anode were performed by constant current charge/discharge, rate performance, cyclic voltammetry and impedance tests in the electrolyte of $LiPF_6$ dissolved inorganic solvents (EC:DMC:EMC=1:1:1 vol%). Lithium ion battery using G/Si/C electrode showed better characteristics than graphite electrode. It was confirmed that as the silicon content increased, the capacity increased but the capacity retention ratio decreased. Also, it was shown that both the capacity and the rate performances were improved when using the Silicon (${\leq}25{\mu}m$). It is found that in the case of 10 wt% of Silicon (${\leq}25{\mu}m$), G/Si/C composites have the initial discharge capacity of 495 mAh/g, the capacity retention ratio of 89% and the retention rate capability of 80% in 2 C/0.1 C.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.435-438
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• 2009

A navigation aid buoy is a kind of safety facility for maritime navigation with a purpose of leading the vessels for navigating, docking and sail off. An advanced rechargeable battery is required for stable power supply for navigation aid buoy as the high magnitude LED lamps, real time location/control for navigation aids and e-Navigation support systems with maritime climate observation equipments have recently been deployed. This study is focused on the lithium battery, especially lithium polymer battery which is believed to be safer than the other types of batteries. The lithium polymer battery reviewed in this study is designed with $LiFePO_4$-based cathode, which has superior safety features to the oxide-based cathodes. Besides, a 3.6kWh battery pack has been built with the above-mentioned unit cells for the purpose of comparative research with lead acid battery system.