• 치과방사선
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.99-107
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• 1984

The auther studied clinically and. radiologically 48 cases which had been diagnosed as TMJ ankylosis in SNUDH (1974-1984). The purpose of this study is to analyse clinical features of TMJ ankylosis and to evaluate the effect of TMJ ankylosis on the growth of the mandible. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Total 48 cases of TMJ ankylosis patients consist of 23 males and 25 females. 65 percent of all cases of TMJ ankylosis occurred in patients between 1 and 10 years of age. The awerage age at the onset of ankylosis was 11.7 and average duration at the time of examination was 11.7 years. 2. Unilateral akylosis (81.3%) was more frequent than bilateral ankylosis (18.7%). 3. Traum a (57.9%) and infection (21.2%) were main etiology. 4. Inability to open the mouth (78.3%) and facial asymmetry (17.4%) were main chief complaints. 5. Mandibular morphology through radiographic features. (a) In TMJ ankylosis patients the ramus length of the ankylosed side was shorter than that of the non-ankylosed side. Comparing with the centrol group, ramus length of the each side was shorter than normal value. (b) The partial body length of the ankylosed side was longer than that of the non-ankylosed side. Comparing with the control group, partial body length of the each side was longer than normal value. Partial body length was related with antegonial notch depth. (c) Ratio of upper and lower ramus length at the level of mandibular foramen was smaller in ankylosed side than in non-ankylosed side. (d) Antegonial notch depth and ramus posterior contour depth were deeper in ankylosed side than in non-ankylosed side and those of both sides were deeper than normal value. (e) Gonial angle in ankylosed side was larger than in non-ankylosed side and that in both sides was smaller than normal value.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2010

Introduction: TLR-5, a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, is a element of the type I transmembrane receptors, which are characterized by an intracellular signaling domain homolog to the interleukin-1 receptor. These receptors recognize microbial components, particularly bacterial flagellin. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA, tretinoin), a natural metabolite of vitamin A, acts as a growth and differentiation factor in many tissues, and is also needed for immune functions. In this study, THP-1 human macrophage-monocytes were used to examine the mechanisms by which atRA regulated the expression of TLR-5. Because the molecular mechanism underlying this regulation at the transcriptional level is also unclear, this study examined which putative transcription factors are responsible for TLR-5 expression by atRA in immune cells. Materials and Methods: This study examined whether atRA induces the expression of TLR-5 in THP-1 cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and which transcription factors are involved in regulating the TLR-5 promoter in RAW264.7 cells using a reporter assay system. Western blot analysis was used to determine which signal pathway is involved in the expression of TLR-5 in atRA-treated THP-1 cells. Results: atRA at a concentration of 10 nM greatly induced the expression of TLR-5 in THP-1 cells. Human TLR-5 promoter contains three Sp-1/GC binding sites around -50 bp and two NF-kB binding sites at -380 bp and -160 bp from the transcriptional start site of the TLR-5 gene. Sp-1/GC is primarily responsible for the constitutive TLR-5 expression, and may also contribute to NF-kB at -160 bp to induce TLR-5 after atRA stimulation in THP-1 cells. The role of NF-kB in TLR-5 expression was further confirmed by inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) experiments, which greatly reduced the TLR-5 transcription by 70-80%. Conclusion: atRA induces the expression of the human TLR-5 gene and NF-kB is a critical transcription factor for the atRA-induced expression of TLR-5. Accordingly, it is conceivable that retinoids are required for adequate innate and adaptive immune responses to agents of infectious diseases. atRA and various synthetic retinoids have been used therapeutically in human diseases, such as leukemia and other cancers due to the antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effects of retinoids. Therefore, understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of TLR-5 may assist in the design of alternative strategies for the treatment of infectious diseases, leukemia and cancers.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2000

본 연구는 인체암 발생과 밀접한 관련을 가지고 있는 ras 종양 유전자의 발암화기전을 인체상피세포모델을 이용하여 규명하고자 SV40-Ad12 hybrid virus에 의해 불멸화된 인체상피세포모델에 H-ras 종양유전자을 함유하는 $pSV_2-ras$를 transfection하여 H-ras에 의한 세포발암화를 평가하였다. ras를 함유하는 세포군은 대조세포군에 비해 saturation density, soft-agar colony formation, cell aggregation 등의 세포 발암화지표가 유의한 수준으로 높게 나타나 H-ras에 의한 인체상피세포의 발암화를 확인하였다. 또한 H-ras에 의한 인체세포 발암화는 hydrocortisone과 같은 glucocorticoid에 의해 촉진되어 saturation density, soft-agar colony formation의 증가 및 foci의 출현시기의 단축을 나타내었다. H-ras 종양 유전자에 의한 인체세포발암화 과정에 관여하는 신호전달기작의 영향을 평가하기 위해 효현제 처리 후 세포내 칼슘농도변화를 측정한 결과 발암세포의 세포내 칼슘농도변화가 낮게 나타났으며 특히 이러한 반응차이는 세포외 칼슘의 존재하에서 더욱 뚜렷이 나타났다. 따라서 세포외부로부터 칼슘의 세포내 이동이 발암화에 의해 억제되고 있음을 보였다. 또한 효현제 처리후 $IP_3$ 농도의 변화를 측정한 결과 발암세포의 $IP_3$ 증가폭이 대조군 세포보다 훨씬 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 H-ras에 의한 세포 발암화에 phospholipase C와 관련한 신호전달기작의 down-regulation이 관여하고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 성장조절인자의 mRNA 발현을 평가한 결과 $TGF-{\beta}_1$ 및 PAI-2의 발현은 발암세포에서 낮게 나타난 반면 fibronectin의 경우는 발암세포의 발현이 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 H-ras 종양유전자에 의한 발암화 과정에 성장조절인자의 변화가 관여하고 있으며 이러한 성장조절인자의 확인은 암발생의 생물학적 지표를 선별하는 데 기여할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구는 H-ras 종양유전자에 의한 인체세포 발암화의 확인과 발암화 과정에 관여하는 신호전달기작의 변화 및 성장조절인자의 확인을 통하여 상피세포에서 나타나는 구강암 등의 발생기전 이해 뿐만 아니라 생체지표의 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 마련하는 데 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2017

Ficus carica L. (common fig), one of the first plants cultivated by humans, originated in the Mediterranean basin and currently grows worldwide, including southwest Asia and South Korea. It has been used as a traditional medicine for treatment of metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases as well as hemorrhoids and skin infections. Its pharmacological properties have recently been studied in detail, but research on the anti-cancer effect of its latex has been only been studied on a limited basis on several cell lines, such prostate cancer, breast cancer, and leukemia. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of the latex of Ficus carica L.and its underlying mechanism in FaDu human hypopharynx squamous carcinoma cells. (See Ed. note above) We confirmed through SDS-PAGE analysis and gelatinolytic activity analysis that the latex of Ficus carica contains cysteine protease ficin. Our data showed that the latex inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the latex treatment markedly induced apoptosis in FaDu cells as determined by FACS analysis, elevated expression level of cleaved caspase-9, -3 and PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), and. increased the expression of Bax (pro-apoptotic factor) while decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic factor). Taken together, these results suggested that latex containing the ficin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis by caspase and the Bcl-2 family signaling pathway in FaDu human hypopharynx squamous carcinoma cells. These findings point to the potential of latex of Ficus carica to provide a novel chemotherapeutic drug due to its growth inhibition effects and induction of apoptosis in human oral cancer cells.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.440-447
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• 2008

This study investigated the role of Panax ginseng (PG) on the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) + calcium ionophore A23187-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) activation, phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and inflammatory cytokine production from the human mast cell line, HMC-1. HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and phosphorylation of ERK were observed by Western blotting. The inflammatory cytokine production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PG inhibited the PMA+A23187-induced HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression and the subsequent production of vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, PG suppressed PMA + A23187-induced phosphorylation of ERK. We also show that the increased cytokines interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ level was significantly inhibited by treatment of PG. In the present study, we report for the first time that PG is an inhibitor of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and cytokines on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2009

Chios gum mastic (CGM) is a resin produced from the stem and leaves of Pistiacia lentiscus L var chia, a plant which grows only on Chios Island in Greece. CGM has been used for many centuries as a dietary supplement and folk medicine for stomach and duodenal ulcers in many Mediterranean countries and is known also to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in some cancer cells. In this study, we further investigated the induction and mechanisms underlying the apoptotic response to CGM treatment in the SCC25 human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line. The viability of SCC25 cells, human normal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1 cells), and the growth inhibition of SCC25 cells were assessed by MTT assay and clonogenic assay, respectively. Staining with Hoechst and hemacolor dyes and TUNEL assays were employed to detect SCC25 cells undergoing apoptosis. SCC25 cells were treated with CGM, and this was followed by western blotting, immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, FACScan flow cytometry, MMP activity and proteasome activity analyses. CGM treatment of SCC25 cells was found to result in a time- and dosedependent decrease in cell viability, a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth, and apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, CGM showed a remarkable level of cytotoxicity in SCC25 cells but not in normal cells. Tested SCC25 cells also showed several lines of apoptotic manifestation. Taken together, our present findings demonstrate that CGM strongly inhibits cell proliferation by modulating the expression of G1 cell cycle-related proteins and induces apoptosis via the proteasome, mitochondria and caspase cascades in SCC25 cells.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2011

Objectives : The writer aimed to examine the dynamic aspect on damage and to be conducive to the swift cure according to right treatment to educate prevention of injury through surveying on the number of the damaged teeth given injury, tooth kind, type in damage, place and cause for being damaged, frequency by month and by time level, and location of the damaged tooth. Methods : Targeting 343 teeth of receiving injury in 201 patients who visited the department of pediatric dentistry, the department of preservation, and the oral and maxillofacial surgery in a dental hospital in Cheonan city from April 2007 to April 2009, by having the dental injury as the main reason, the following conclusions were obtained. Results : 1. Deciduous teeth were indicated to be the highest in imperfect luxation with 60.7%, and were indicated to be in order of crown fracture with 25.5%, root fracture with 12.4%, and perfect luxation with 1.4%. The permanent teeth were indicated to be the highest in crown with 58.1%, and were indicated to be in order of imperfect luxation with 27.3%, root fracture with 13.1%, and perfect luxation with 1.5%(p<0.001). 2. In case of deciduous teeth for a place with damage, the home was indicated to be the highest with 31.7%. The permanent teeth were indicated to be the highest(p<0.001) in the road and stairs with 40.4%. As to a cause for damage, both deciduous and permanent teeth were indicated to be the highest(p<0.001) in a cause for falling with 53.1% and 30.8%, respectively. 3. As for a treatment method, in case of deciduous teeth, the close observation was indicated to be the highest with 46.9%. In permanent teeth, the resin restoration was indicated to be the highest(p<0.001) with 22.2%. Dental injuries in deciduous teeth and permanent teeth are showing diverse aspects. Conclusions : It is important to arrange guidelines on cure of the damaged teeth by injury through continuing a dynamic research on these aspects. Also, the damage in deciduous teeth may have direct and indirect influence upon growth in successional permanent teeth. Thus, through careful treatment, the injury needs to be minimized. It is considered to be likely necessary for a right coping method when injury occurs, and above all, for enough prior education so that injury cannot occur.