• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.458-468
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify metacommunicative behaviors between nurses and patients in a pediatric unit. The research method included observation using videotaping. Data were collected from December, 2001 to February, 2002. Total six nurses, and eight patients and their mothers in a pediatric unit participated in this study. The interactions were videotaped under the participants' consent. The participants were observed for total 8 hours over 2-day period. Special episodes which were identified as metacommunicative behaviors in the taped interactions were transcribed. Transcription included verbal and nonverbal interactions. Selected episodes were classified using Mitchell's definition. Each classified definitions were named, and categorized by its purpose. The results were as follows: Nineteen metacommunicative behaviors which used frequently by nurses-approaching, mediating eye level, eye contact, touching, encouraging, turnabout, mimic voice, giving choices, friendly demand, expansion, tagging, repeating and confirming, identification, reflection, baby talk, symbolization, description of acts, relaxed posture, turning away- were identified and organized into four categories. They were call for attention, facilitating response, empathy, and tension release. In conclusion, nurses in this study used metacommunicative behaviors frequently and these behaviors were effective in interacting with children. It is suggested that any educational programs to teach communication skills to nurses need to include techniques on metacommunicative behaviors. This will help nurses to be more sensitive to different characteristics of their patients.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.267-277
• /
• 2024

This paper explores the use of machine learning in game production to create goal-oriented, realistic animations for skeleton monsters. The purpose of this research is to enhance realism by implementing intelligent movements in monsters within game development. To achieve this, we designed and implemented a learning model for skeleton monsters using reinforcement learning algorithms. During the machine learning process, various reward conditions were established, including the monster's speed, direction, leg movements, and goal contact. The use of configurable joints introduced physical constraints. The experimental method validated performance through seven statistical graphs generated using machine learning methods. The results demonstrated that the developed model allows skeleton monsters to move to their target points efficiently and with natural animation. This paper has implemented a method for creating game monster animations using machine learning, which can be applied in various gaming environments in the future. The year 2024 is expected to bring expanded innovation in the gaming industry. Currently, advancements in technology such as virtual reality, AI, and cloud computing are redefining the sector, providing new experiences and various opportunities. Innovative content optimized for this period is needed to offer new gaming experiences. A high level of interaction and realism, along with the immersion and fun it induces, must be established as the foundation for the environment in which these can be implemented. Recent advancements in AI technology are significantly impacting the gaming industry. By applying many elements necessary for game development, AI can efficiently optimize the game production environment. Through this research, We demonstrate that the application of machine learning to Unity and game engines in game development can contribute to creating more dynamic and realistic game environments. To ensure that VR gaming does not end as a mere craze, we propose new methods in this study to enhance realism and immersion, thereby increasing enjoyment for continuous user engagement.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2016

Remote sensing는 각종 센서를 이용하여 지표면, 물, 요소 기술에 대해 비접촉, 비파괴적인 방법으로 필요한 정보를 얻어내는 기술이다. 이들 기술은 센서 등의 요소 기술 뿐만 아니라, 센서를 탑재하는 플랫폼과 정보 통신 기술(ICT) 등을 복합적으로 이용한다. 특히 농업 분야에서는 ICT를 중개로 기상이나 토양 등의 환경 정보와 작물 정보를 측정하여 수치화하고 클라우드 컴퓨팅에 의해 생산 단계뿐만 아니라 유통 및 소비 단계까지 관리하는 스마트 농업에 크게 기여한다. 식물을 측정하기 위해서는 비파괴 비접촉 bioimaging (remote imaging)을 포함한 식물기능 remote sensing 기술개발이 필요하다. 또한 식물 과학 분야에서도 유전자 세포 수준에서 개체 수준까지를 대상으로 한 bioimaging 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 최근 들어 표현형 연구를 통해 환경과 유전자형의 관계를 구명하는 phenomics 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 식물기능 원격탐사의 기술동향, 식물진단 및 식물환경응답해석과 식물 phenomics 연구현황에 대해 고찰하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.2607-2616
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 의료기관의 환자안전문화를 이해하고, 의사들의 환자안전문화에 대한 인식분석을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 시도하였다. G시에 소재한 상급종합병원 의사를 대상으로 2011년 8월 1일 부터 9월 5일까지 설문조사하여 194부를 최종분석 하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 대상자와 병동 및 병원안전문화 간의 관계는 직원배치가 성별, 연령별, 병원 근무년수, 환자 접촉여부, 1주 근무시간에 따라 인식의 차이가 있으며, 조직학습과 병동내 팀워크는 1주 근무시간에 따라, 병동 안전문화 모든 하부영역은 진료과별로 유의하게 나타났다. 둘째, 대상자와 의료사고보고체계, 환자 안전도 평가 및 전반적 의식수준과의 관계에서는 사고에 대한 피드백과 의사소통, 사고빈도보고, 전반적 안전의식이 진료과별로 유의하였으며, 전반적 안전의식은 환자접촉과 1주 근무시간에 따라 유의한 결과를 나타냈다. 셋째, 병동 및 병원 안전문화 인식 하부영역과 전반적 인식, 환자안전도 평가는 모두 정의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 의료사고 보고체계와는 직속상관/관리자의 태도와 병원경영진의 태도를 제외한 모든 영역에서 정의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 환자안전도 영향을 미치는 환자안전문화 하부영역은 조직학습, 의사소통의 개방성, 전반적 안전인식, 부서간의 협조체계, 피드백과 의사소통, 비처벌적 대응에서 유의한 결과를 나타냈다. 결론적으로, 의사들의 병동 및 병원 환자안전문화 수준을 높이고 의료사고보고체계를 충실하게 하기 위해서는 적절한 직원배치와 근무시간을 바탕으로 병동 내 조직적 학습을 통한 팀워크을 활성화 시키고, 부서간 팀원간의 개방적 의사소통과 사고에 대한 피드백을 제공하여 환자 안전에 대한 병원경영진의 적극적인 지원과 진료과별 협조체계 구축이 필요하다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2020

2020년 들어 전대미문의 '코로나-19' 사태로 대중음악계가 위축되어 다양한 활로와 대안이 모색되는 가운데 뮤지션들이 비접촉 방식의 온라인 콘서트를 속속 실시하였다. 본 연구는 이런 점에 착안하여 2020년 6월에 실시된 방탄소년단(BTS)의 '방방콘 The Live'를 대상으로 비접촉 콘서트의 대안 포맷으로 적격한지에 대한 여부를 살펴보기 위해 음악전문가들이 참여한 온라인 콘서트 영상물의 내용분석과 이를 시청한 수용자들이 참여한 평가 수집 및 대안 제시형 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 표본 공연 영상물은 오프라인 콘서트의 요소(현장성, 대면 교감성, 호응 행동성), 체감도, 비상시 대안 콘서트 포맷으로서의 만족도, 비상시 대안 콘서트 포맷으로서 편리성이 잘 반영된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 팬들과의 교감성과 현장성의 반영은 매우 부족한 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 이 연구는 BTS의 '방방콘 The Live'가 비상시 비접촉 온라인 콘서트의 대안 포맷으로 기능할만한 가능성은 엿보였으나 국내는 물론 세계 음악계에 정착하는 수준으로 인정받기 위해서는 디지털 소통체계 및 기술장치 보완 등의 조치가 강구되어야 함을 암시한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.219-223
• /
• 2016

Background: Promoter hypermethylation is a frequent epigenetic mechanism for gene transcription repression in cancer and is one of the hallmarks of the disease. Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 (CELSR3) contributes to cell contact-mediated communication. Dysregulation of promoter methylation has been reported in various cancers. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the CELSR3 hypermethylation level in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis (MS-HRM) and to correlate CELSR3 methylation with patient demographic and clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: Frozen tissue samples of healthy subjects' normal mucosa and OSCCs were examined with regard to their methylation levels of the CELSR3 gene using MS-HRM. Results: MS-HRM analysis revealed a high methylation level of CELSR3 in 86% of OSCC cases. Significant correlations were found between CELSR3 quantitative methylation levels with patient ethnicity (P=0.005), age (P=0.024) and pathological stages (P=0.004). A moderate positive correlation between CELSR3 and patient age was also evident (R=0.444, P=0.001). Conclusions: CELSR3 promoter hypermethylation may be an important mechanism involved in oral carcinogenesis. It may thus be used as a biomarker in OSCC prognostication.

• 재활간호학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.46-57
• /
• 2001

This study was done to investigate of instrumental activities of daily living(IADL) and quality of life and their relationships between the elderly. Data were collected from 150 elderly home residents. The data were collected from December 1st to December 20th, 2000. Structured questionnaires developed by Lawton & Brody and by Ro were adopted to measure IADL and Quality of life. Data were analyzed for percentage, means, t-test, ANOVA and Parson correlation coefficients using the SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. The average score of the level of IADL was $20.68{\pm}2.98$ ($M{\pm}SD$) with a range of 7-26. 2. The average score of the level of Quality of life was 2. $96{\pm}0.25$ ($M{\pm}SD$). In the average score of each lower area, highest score was 3.22 for neighbor relationship and family relationship and then 3.00 for self-esteem, 2.95 for economic status, 2.86 for emotional status, and 2.85, lowest score, for physical condition and function. 3. Comparing IADL and Quality of life with general characteristics, IADL showed that there were significant difference in age(t=2.927, p=0.036) and separated children contact frequency(t=2.482, p=0.046), while Quality of life showed that there were significant difference in spouse existence(t=2.334, p=0.021), religion(t=4.089, p=0.008), family style(t=3.285, p=0.040), children number living together(t=5.332, p=0.006), communication with separated children frequency(t=4.129, p=0.003), and separated children contact frequency(t=3.908, p=0.005). 4. There was also significant positive correlation between IADL and Quality of life. The above results show that neighbor relationship and family relationship which have greatly an influence on IADL and Quality of life are very important. The elderly should be helped to satisfy their basic desire and show their potential living together with the younger generation interdependently without being isolated from family and society. Therefore, the nursing strategy that enhance IADL and Quality of life are needed and the nursing strategy that can improve IADL and Quality of life of Elderly Home Residents should be developed.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제17권10호
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2012

콜센터는 고객과의 접촉에 있어 비대면 채널에 의해 커뮤니케이션이 이루어지기 때문에 대면 접촉에 의한 것보다 더 많은 상담사의 능력을 요구한다. 이러한 상담사의 능력개발을 위해 콜센터들은 경력과 직무에 따라 다양한 교육훈련을 실시하고 있으며, 교육훈련의 성과로 상담품질이나 생산성 향상을 실현하고자 한다. 한편, 교육훈련에는 많은 시간과 예산이 투입되기 때문에 교육훈련의 평가를 통해 현업수행에 도움이 얼마나 되고 있는지 그 효과성이 파악되고 관리되어야 할 것이다. 지금까지의 교육훈련의 평가에 대한 연구들을 보면 만족도와 학습정도를 측정하거나 학습이 행동에 전이되는 정도를 측정하는 연구가 주류를 이루어 전체적인 평가모형에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 콜센터교육훈련의 효과성을 상담사들의 인식수준에서 Kirkpatrick의 4단계 평가모형을 반영하여 반응, 학습, 행위, 결과에 대한 각 단계별 평가기준 간에 어떠한 영향관계가 있는지 알아보고, 구조방정식 모델을 사용하여 전체적인 모형의 적합도를 살펴보았다, 또한 대안모형으로 반응요인과 행위요인의 직접적인 관계를 고려하여 연구모형과 대안모형의 구조모델 적합도를 비교 분석하였다.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.163-175
• /
• 2015

This study aimed to analyze factors of importance and performance picked by customers of Bibijeong, a farm restaurant operated by the local community of Wanju-gun. Major points include: Recognition paths mostly were word of mouth and mass media, types of visit were in the company of friends, family members or work colleagues, and purposes of visit included consumption of meal and identifying features of the restaurant. Secondly, factor analysis showed that level of facility, atmosphere/cleanness, diversity of menu, employees, ingredients and network. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient was +0.6. Thirdly, average of importance of factors was 3.861 while average performance was 3.429. IPA analysis showed that employee(communication, customer contact) in the first quadrant proved the need for fast improvement through training. Atmosphere/cleanness (interior atmosphere, table clean, kitchen cleanliness, clean dishes, interion design) and employee(proficiency, menu recognition), foodstuff(freshness, origin, safety) in the second quadrant showed that the marketing strategy of improvement as well as maintaining current status is needed, including regular training and hygiene inspection. The third quadrant contains facilities(disability, baby, fire protection) and food menu(food packing, various menu, creative menu, menu description), network(village economic links), which showed the need for gradual improvement. The forth quadrant contains network(sights's near contains. The results so far can be summed into the statement that overcoming the basic functionality of providing meals and linking the restaurant with local attractions and local economy would be need, as well as building up the image of unique farm restaurant with local features, so that Bibijeong can serve as the centerpiece of community and foundation of exchange with other areas.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2022

Background: On the basis of its role for the development of occupational health research, information, good practices, the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) launched the present survey to collect information on public health and prevention policies put in place by the governments of the countries in the world to contain the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire focused on COVID-19 data, public health policies, prevention measures, support measures for economy, work, and education, personal protective equipment, intensive care units, contact tracing, return to work, and the role of ICOH against COVID-19. The questionnaire was administered to 113 ICOH National Secretaries and senior OSH experts. Collected data refer to the period ranging from the beginning of the pandemic in each country to June 30, 2020. Results: A total of 73 questionnaires from 73 countries around the world were considered valid, with a 64.6% response rate. Most of the respondents (71.2%) reported that the state of emergency was declared in their country, and 86.1% reported lockdown measures. Most of the respondents (66.7%) affirmed that the use of face masks was compulsory in their country. As for containment measures, 97.2% indicated that mass gatherings (meetings) were limited. Regarding workplace closing, the most affected sector was entertainment (90.1%). Conclusion: The results of this survey are useful to gain a global view on COVID-19 policy responses at country level.