• 비교문화연구
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• 제26권
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• pp.487-508
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze communication between school and parents using the "letters to the parents", in order to examine possible areas of improvement for enhancing educational opportunities and school life adjustment for children from multi-cultural families. The letters to the parents used in elementary schools were analysed through genre analysis specifically for this study. At first, the Korean language textbooks for married female immigrants were investigated to see how many letters to parents were included in them. Second, letters to parents were collected to research their structure and content. They were categorized by the text type according to functions and speech acts. It is expected that the results of this study will be helpful for the Korean language education of married female immigrants.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how effective the existing sex education programs and letter to parents from school were for their know ledge and attitudes towards sex of the middle school students. Methods: Subjects were selected from first grade students in a middle school from May 30 through July 19, 2005. The subjects were divided into three groups of 70 students each, two experiment groups and one control group. The study was conducted by nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The information letter from school to parents was made into four editions on double-sided A4 size paper and was handed out to students during weekly meeting. Both the students and their parents were required to read it and the parents were told to sign the papers. The sex education program applied in this study was recomposed based on the programs which were previously made by Sun Hee Park(2004) and Eun Ja Jung(2000). Content provided in the sex education program is identical to the one's in the information letter to parents. Experimental group 1 was required to read the four information letters to parents for two weeks, together with their parents. Group 2 experienced the sex education program four times in two weeks of time. The above two experimental groups and the control group were assessed on their knowledge and attitude towards sex twice, before and after the experiment. Results: There were significant differences in sexual knowledge about sex between the three subject groups and such data supports the first hypothesis. There was significant difference in attitude towards sex between the three subject groups and such data support the second hypothesis. Conclusion: According to the experiment results, both the information letter to parents and programs about sex education were effective for the middle school students. Yet, teaching students with the program format was more successful than handout formats. However, using information letters to parents to educate students does not waste any school hours, so if school nurses can provide the students more papers, the educational effect will be greater.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.395-426
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• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 성공적인 영재 양육 사례라 할 수 있는 창조적 성취자의 부모를 동서양으로 구분하여 고찰함으로써 영재 양육의 문화적 보편성과 특수성을 발견하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 서양 인물로는 마리 퀴리, 아인슈타인, 에디슨, 뉴턴을 동양 인물로는 이황, 이이, 정약용, 허난설헌의 부모를 대상으로 선정하여 창조적 성취자를 키운 양육 특성에 대해 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 양육자에 대한 역사적 기록물, 자녀인 창조적 성취자의 전기, 평전, 자서전, 저서, 양육자와 주고받은 편지 외에 필요에 따라 국내외 연구 논문, 단행본, 영재교육기관의 간행물 등의 다양한 자료를 활용하였다. 동서양 8인의 양육자가 보인 양육 방식의 공통점은 자녀의 재능 영역에 대한 교육적 역량 소지, 재능 영역에서의 학습 가능 환경 또는 기회의 제공, 강요하지 않는 교육, 독립심 강인한 정신력의 강조, 혁신 개방적 사고방식, 한쪽 부모의 절대적 지지를 들 수 있다. 동서양 양육 방식의 가장 큰 차이점들은 서양의 부모들은 자녀 교육의 목표로서 재능 개발 및 성취를 장려했으나 동양의 부모들은 자녀의 전인적 발달에 강조점을 두고 있다는 점, 서양의 부모가 자녀와 수평적 관계로 상호 작용 하였음에 반해 동양의 부모들은 자녀와 수직적 관계를 보였다는 점, 서양의 부모는 적극적으로 정서를 표현하는 양육 방식을 보였으나 동양의 부모는 정서 표현을 억제하는 모습을 보였다는 점, 그리고 서양의 부모가 자녀에게 실수하는 모습, 잘못된 모습까지 여과 없이 그대로 보여준 것에 비해 동양의 부모들은 자식에게 모범을 보이기 위해 일상생활에서 스스로 노력하는 모습을 보였다는 점 등이 두드러진 차이점으로 나타났다. 각각과 관련하여 영재양육과 관련한 시사점이 논의되었다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.40-64
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was to compare the different environment among the young children of large and small cities and rural areas in Korea, in order to know how these different environment have an effect on the children's intellectual and emotional development. For this subjects, 2,700 questionares with 51 items were distributed to the infants' mothers in each area to interview and answer. About 1,800 questionaires were gathered from 3 metropolitan, 6 cities and 6 rural areas in (each 2 farming, fishing and mining villages) The results of analyzing these questionaires were like following; 1. The average number of children of each family was 2.5 in large cities, 3.0 in small cities and 3.6 in the rural areas. 2. White about 75% of infants' parents of large cities graduated college education, only 6% of the rural parents did it. Most infants' parents of the rural areas have only graduated the elementary school. 3. About 90% of the rural, small and large cities family have had radios and T.V sets, and 90% of infants watched T.V program for 2 hours a day in average. 4. While about 50% of large cities' young children were not reared by their mother's milk but by milk and other foods, about 95% of rural infants by breasting mills. 5. Young children of large cities were wearing about 5 months earlier than those of the rural. 6. While 20% children of cities were taught in the kindergarten, most children of the rural areas could not be taught in the kindergarten. 7. About 45% young children of the rural areas and cities were understood and taught reading, writing letters and numbers by their parents, brothers and sisters before entering primary school. 8. While 50% young children of large cities have had pianos and were taught music in kindergarten or piano tutor's, most of the rural areas have not had pianos and could not be taught music. 9. Most children's favorite music songs were T.V signals or C.M songs in both the rural and cities. 10. While most children of cities have had lots of children's pictures or fairy tale books. most infants of the rural areas have had nothing or a few. 11. As lots of infants could not find their pleasure resorts of sport tools outside, they used to play in side streets or publicroads with their friends. 12. While most infant's parents in cities wanted to make their infants lawyer or medicine doctor, most parents in rural areas wanted to make their children teacher or technician. 13. About a half of Korean infants have had their own rooms or have lived in it together with their brother or sister. In conclusion, as children of large cities have had more various kinds of cultural circumstances than the rural areas in aspects of cultural institutions' tools and environment of their parents' education, books, toys, pleasure resorts and their own rooms, the intellectual development of the former could be considered to surpass those of the latter. In other words, the average IQ points of urban's young children are 10 point higher than those of the rural areas, which means the better circumstance would affect the infant's intellectual development. Therefore, the government must support to make good circumstances of the children in the rural areas.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2009

One of the frequent occurrences in rearrangements is chromosome inversion. Pericentric inversion is considered to be the variant of normal karyotype. We investigated the karyotypes of 1195 cases being referred to prenatal diagnosis using standard GTG banding for karyotype preparation. The chromosomal analysis revealed a total of 15 (1.26%) inversions. The characteristics of inversion type [(inv(4), inv(8), inv(9), inv(11)) were investigated on the basis of chromosomal analyses of fetuses and their parents. The results from chromosomal examination of the parents, whose fetuses were diagnosed as inversion, show that either parent might be the carrier. Inversion in human chromosome is commonly seen in normal humans and the frequency estimated to be 1 to 2% in general population and the exact amount of this phenomenon is still unclear. These results indicate that inv(8), inv(9), and inv(11) are phenotypically normal. However these may often cause clinical problems in offspring of the carrier, such as fetal wastage repeated spontaneous abortions and infertility with unknown mechanisms related to sex. We describe an inversion of human chromosome and its clinical correlation with human genetic disease.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a guide book on safety education for teachers to use in education classes for elementary school students. Methods: Dick & Carey's teaching model and Keller's ARCS theory were used in the development of this guide book. Results: This guide book was developed for lower grade (1st$\sim$3rd) and higher grade (4th$\sim$6th) elementary school students. The content consisted of subjects, worksheets, content for teachers, statistical data, case studies, and a safety letter to the parents. The 10 subjects were as follows: "Importance of injury prevention", "Safety at home", "Accident prevention at school", "Violence prevention", "Vehicles safety", "Water safety", "Prevention of Fires & Burns", "Safety of Toys & home supplies", "Safety in Sports & Recreation activity", "Prevention of injury caused by animals". Statistical data was presented by graphs and case studies were presented of cases of real occurrences of accidents. Worksheets contain various activities for students. Safety letters were composed for each student's parents. Conclusion: This guide book presents effective material for safety education classes in elementary school and the authors hope it will be widely used in elementary schools.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.335-344
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• 2018

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a sugars intake reduction program (SIRP) that was designed to increase the knowledge, attitude, and skills of Korean children aged 5 years regarding sugars intake reduction. A total of 101 children aged 5~6 years from 6 preschools participated in SIRP. SIRP consisted of 4 sessions including 10 activities (e.g., story-telling, arts, experiment, checking nutrition facts, pledge), delivered to children at preschools by nutritionists over a one-month period. Three letters were sent to parents throughout the program to inform them of the children's activities at the preschools and to provide additional information on reducing children's sugars intake. A total of 90 children completed the program; 83 parents of these children completed the SIRP evaluation survey. The children's sugars intake reduction score was significantly increased after attending SIRP. Teachers (n=6) who participated in this program agreed to improve their students' attitudes on reducing sugars intake and to decrease students' behaviors related to sugars intake. Parents agreed to improve their children's attitude on reducing sugars intake and to decrease children's behaviors related to sugars intake. The outcome showed SIRP improved participants' attitudes towards sugars reduction and increased the skills to reduce the sugars intake of children aged 5~6 years. Future studies should examine whether SIRP reduces actual sugars intake among children.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.50-65
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• 1988

This study was conducted in order to grasp the condition of about the school nurse's service and to offer the basic materials of improving the school health service. The objects were comprised of 98 volunteered school nurses who take service in the elementary school. The material of this study was the questionaire suited to the purpose of this research which has been made through studying references and this questionaire has been corrected and revised three times. All the questionaire written by school-nurses. The results are as follows; 1. General features of the objects of study Average age was 35.9 and average career was 9.2 years. Except working as school-nurse, the past career was that average clinical-field was 3.4 years and health service was 4 months. Their educational level was as high as 72.4% of the objects were graduated from above 3 years college and 89.8% were married. 76.5% have religions and 94.8% were working at with national and public schools. 99.0% were doing only nursing service. 2. The conditions of the school health resources. The ratio of school-nurse to students was one to 2630. School-nurse to classes, one to 49.3, and school-nurse to teachers, one to 54. For total amount of a year budget of school health, from three hundred thousands to fifty nine hundred thousands won was most common. Expenses for purchasing medicine were used most. 58.2% of school-nurses hasn't known a year budget. There was an organization for school health in 74.2% of schools. 42.9% of nursing rooms were in the center of school and 88.8% were on first floor. Nursing room were used alone without being used by another purpose and the room size of 71.6% was below 10 pyong. 3. The conditions of school health service Average users of nursing room were 413 a month. The most of them had digestive trouble. Sending letters to home was 15.9 times a year. The most contents of letters was about health education. Object spent much time managing nursing room. 4. The degree of school health service When 2 points was given to "perform" and 1 point was to "not perform" the total average was 1.75, health education 1.89, environmental management 1.86, plan of project and evaluation 1.83, management of nursing room 1.82, health management 1.78, run of school health organization 1.32. 5. Correlation between the school health services and variables (1) The part of project plan and evaluation of school health service has relationship to existence or none-existence of school health organization (P<0.01), past health service career (P<0.05), number of classes (P<0.01), number of students (P<0.01), sending letters to home about health education (P<0.01) and number of users (P<0.05). (2) The part of nursing room management has relationship to ages (P<0.05) past clinical career (P<0.05), number of classes (P<0.05), number of students (P<0.05) and sending letters to home about health education (P<0.01). (3) The part of health education has relationship to existence or none-existence of school health organization (P<0.05), past clinical career (P<0.05), the ratio of health management to school nurse's all work (P<0.05) and the ratio of health education to school nurse's all work (P<0.01). (4) The part of environmental management to ages (P<0.01), career as a school-nurse (P<0.01), salary step(P<0.01), sending letters to home about health education (P<0.01), sending all letters to home (P<0.001), the ratio of health management to school nurse's all work (P<0.05), the ratio of health education to school nurse's all work (P<0.05) and area of school-nurse's room to be used. (5) The part of school health organization management to number of classes (P<0.05). (6) The part of health management to number of classes (P<0.05), sending letters to home about health education (P<0.001), sending all of letters to home (P<0.01) and the ratio of health management to school nurse's all work (P<0.05). (7) The part of school health service to ages (P<0.05), past clinical career (P<0.05), past health career (P<0.01), number of classes (P<0.05), number of student (P<0.05), sending letters to home about health education (P<0.05), sending all letters to home (P<0.05), the ratio of health management to school nurse's all work (P<0.05), the ratio of health education to school nurse's all work (P<0.01) and area of school - nurse's room to be used (P<0.05). ## Suggestion for further studies are as follows. 1. School-nurse should exert herself to advance a quality to take care of school population's health. 2. It is necessary that systematic support required to keep school population's health. 3. Home, school and community should make efforts cooperatively and the proper roles of students, teachers, health team members and parents must be achieved.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2021

Improved amylases were developed from protoplast fusants of two amylase-producing Aspergillus species. Twenty regenerated fusants were screened for amylase production using Remazol Brilliant Blue agar. Crude enzyme extracts produced by solid state fermentation of rice bran were assayed for activity. Three variable factors (temperature, pH and enzyme type) were optimized to increase the amylase activity of the parents and selected fusants using rice bran medium and solid state fermentation. Analysis of this optimization was completed using the Central Composite Design (CCD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Amylase activity assays conducted at room temperature and 80℃ demonstrated that Aspergillus designates, T5 (920.21 U/ml, 966.67 U/ml), T13 (430 U/ml, 1011.11 U/ml) and T14 (500.63 U/ml, 1012.00 U/ml) all exhibited improved function making them the preferred fusants. Amylases produced from these fusants were observed to be active over the entire pH range evaluated in this study. Fusants T5 and T14 demonstrated optimal activity under acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. Fusants T13 and T14 produced the most amylase at 72 h while parents TA, TC and fusant T5 produced the most amylase after 96 h of incubation. Response surface methodology examinations revealed that the enzyme from fusant T5 was the optimal enzyme demonstrating the highest activity (1055.17 U/ml) at pH 4 and a temperature of 40℃. This enzyme lost activity with further increases in temperature. Starch hydrolysis using fusant T5 gave the highest yield of glucose (1.6158 g/100 ml). The significant activities of the selected fusants at 28 ± 2℃ and 80℃ and the higher sugar yields from cassava starch hydrolysis over their parental strains indicate that it is possible to improve amylase activity using the protoplast fusion technique.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.505-519
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• 2005

The purpose of the study is to survey on the parental education practiced in kindergarten context and to investigate the need for the parental education of personnel involved. To satisfy these purposes, 179 mothers and 175 fathers with 3 to 5 year olds, and 186 teachers and 59 directors of the kindergarten business were asked to complete a survey questionnaire designed for the study. The results indicate that for the present, most kindergartens in Daejeon have practiced parental education programs including weekly letters and parents' day. New subject- appropriate programs development is needed, though. The three groups of subjects had differing views on the need for parental education. The views tend to differ by socio-economic status of each group member, thus indicating the importance of developing and adopting various parental education programs and methods according to the difference. It will contribute to maximizing the effect of the education. Data collected in the study were expected to be used for the development of effective parental education programs.