• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2014

To examine the soil reinforcement by the shrub with shallow root systems for slope stability, we developed insitu apparatus for direct shear test and conducted the insitu field tests for Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, a representative revegetation species for artificial hillslopes. The insitu field tests were conducted for two different soil conditions (the rooted soils and non-rooted soils) and we then compared the experimental values with those calculated from the Wu model. The results showed that the soil reinforcement derived from the insitu field tests ranged from 0.01525 to 0.1438 $kgf/cm^2$ while the one calculated from the Wu model ranged from 0.1952 to 0.2696 $kgf/cm^2$. Our finding suggests more field tests are needed to collect the related parameters in the model application thereby predicting the reliable soil reinforcement by the shrub root systems.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.417-430
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the developmental process of plant community during the secondary succession and the dynamics of soil properties in the burned and unburned areas of Mt. Ch’oly-san. Owing to the forest fire occurred on April, 1989, the red pine(Pinus densiflora) forest and its floor vegetation were burned down. The floristic composition of burned and unburned areas were composed of 53 and 49 species of vascular plants, respectively. The dominant species based on SDR4 of the burned sites were lespedeza cyrtobotrya (89.62), Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (62.50), and Carex humilis (58.73), Quercus serrata (43.33). In contrast, Pinus densiflora (83.56), Lespedeza cyrtobotrya (55.57), Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (51.88) and Carex humilis (50.41) were dominant in the unburned area. The biological spectra showed the $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type in both the burned and unburned areas. The indices of similarity ($CC_S$) between the two areas were 0.74. Degree of succession (DS) was 604 in the burned area and 802 in the unburned area. From these facts, it is assumed that the succession is rapidly progressing because of the recovery of vegetation. The species diversity ($\={H}$) and evenness index(C) in the burned and unburned areas were 0.15 and 0.18, respectively. Red pine tree did not resprout after scorch by the forest fire, but Lespedeza, Quercus, Rhododendron, Albizzia, and Zanthoxylum resprouted from the roots and trunks after the forest fire. It seems that these species are the fire-resistant species. Soil properties such as soil pH, content of organic matter, available phosphous, total nitrogen, tatal carbon, exchangeable potssium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium increased due to forest fire. These results suggest the intensity of forest fire in the study area was relatively weak. Monthly changes of soil properties were of little significance except for some cases.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 1988

Lespedeza species have been widely used not only as plant resources for bark, leaves and honey, but also as erosion control materials. This study was carried out to investigate the structural and wood tiber characteristics in order to obtain basic information for the utilization of the wood. The wood structure was investigated for 10 selected species and the wood fiber, for the 5 selected species among Lespedeza species distributed all over the country. The following results were obtained. In the cross section, campylotropis showed ray diffuse porous wood, L. bicolor, L. cyrtobotrya, L. thunbergii var. intermedia, diffuse porous wood, and L. tomentella, L. angustifolioides. L. maritima, L. robusta, L. patentibicolor, ring porous wood. The maximum diameter of a single vessel ranged 66-123 ${\mu}$ in all species. Campylotropis showed the most number of vessels, L. angustifolioides, the least. The number of ray per mm ranged 7-22, Campylotropis showed the most number of rays, L. angustifolioides, the least. In the radial section the average length of vessel ranged 121-250 ${\mu}$ in all species. L. thunbergii var. intermedia showed the longest vessel, L. tomentella, the shortest. In tangential section the average width of the uniseriate ray ranged 9.2-14.7${\mu}$, that of the multiseriate ray, 19.2-42.1 ${\mu}$. The average height of the uniseriate ray ranged 143.0-1162.0 ${\mu}$. The width of fiber ranged 10.12-13.61 ${\mu}$, L. maximowiezii showed the narrowest tiber, L. thunbergii var. intermedia. the widest, the thickness of fiber wall ranged 2.93-3.71 ${\mu}$ in the five species. L. maximowiezii showed the most thin fiber wall, L. thunbergii var. intermedia, the thickest, L. cyrtobotrya showed the difference in the size of fiber between the shade and the sunny sites but L. maximowiezii showed no difference. There was significant difference in fiber length, fiber width and wall thickness between L. eyrtobotrya and L. maximowiezii.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to find out the possibility of seeding of Zoysia japonica and woody plants for the revegetation of rock-exposed-cutslopes by Natural Topsoil Restoration Methods (NTRM). The 5cm thick layer of artificial soil was attached at rock-exposed cutslopes for the growth of Zoysia japonica and native woody plants by NTRM. The main results were summarized as follows. 1. Artificial soil attached at rock-exposed-slopes by NTRM was not eroded until recovered by Zoysia japonica and native woody plants. It shows extremely low soil erodibility. 2. One year later after seeding, woody plants show 100% ground coverage. But, in early stage, they grew more quickly at northwest slopes than at southeast slopes. 3. In seeding of Zoysia japonica, it grew more quickly at southeast slopes than at northwest slopes. Also, it grew better at lower part of the slopes than at middle part of the slopes. 4. After one year from seeding, the height of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigo/era pseudo-tinctoria were longer than any other plants. The next were Albizzia julibrissin, Lespedeza cuneata and wild flowers. The tree height of Rhus chinensis shows 28cm length, so it has enough possibility to be used for roadside revegetation works. 5. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigo/era pseudo-tinctoria show different importance values according to slope aspect. But, they show tendency to outweigh the other plants at all slope-aspects. 6. Most of the plants seeded by NTRM were germinated well and they covered rock-exposed-slopes so quickly and effectively. Thus it leads to conclusion that the revegetation methods used in this experiment was a very effective methods to recover rock-exposed-slopes by seeding of zoysia japonica and native woody plants.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2002

The objectives of this study were to understand the tolerance mechanism of woody plants to water stress and tolerance changes in relation to mycorrhizal formation. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. commonly used for erosion control in slopes were raised from seeds and transplanted to 120 plastic pots. Sixty pots received the top soil of a Fraxinus americana forest, while remaining 60 pots received the autoclaved top soil. The forest soil contained 1,200 spores per 100g of arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungus, mostly Glomus sp. The plants were raised outside with regular supply of water and mineral nutrients. Two kinds of water deficit treatment and a control were started at the middle of July : cyclic water deficit treatment with 3 cycles of sequential water stress at the point of xylem water potential of about -0.6, -0.6, and -1.7 MPa and recovery, and non-cyclic water deficit treatment with single water stress at about -1.5 MPa. The non-stressed plants received plenty of water throughout the period. In late August the plants were harvested for measurements of dry weight, N, P, carbohydrate contents, net photosynthesis and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities. Both cyclic and non-cyclic water deficit treatments reduced dry weight by 60% and 40%, respectively, and reduced nitrogen absorption, while increased SOD activities. Water-stressed plants also showed increased carbohydrate contents in the leaves and lowered stomatal conductance. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in an average of 40% infection of roots and 2-3 times increase in P absorption in water-stressed as well as non-stressed plants. Mycorrhizal formation also increased shoot-root ratio. The results that SOD activities of water-stressed plants with mycorrhizal infection were significantly lower than those of non-mycorrhizal plants suggest the possibility of improvement of water-stressed condition by mycorrhizal formation. It was concluded that endomycorrhizal formation increased tolerance of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya seedlings to water stress.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 1987

북한산국립공원의 등산로훼손 및 등산로주변식생변화를 조사하기 위하여 북한산지구를 대상으로 1987년 8월에 실측조사를 실시하였다. 등산로훼손은 이용강도가 높은 우이동계곡과 정능계곡간 등산로 7.18km 구간을 조사했다. 식생 변화는 등산로 경계부에서 임내로 벨트-트란 섹트를 설치하여 매목조사를 하였고, 주변부식생은 등산로경계부를 따라 벨트를 설치해서 출현종을 조사하였다. 등산로 훼손량과 이용강도는 직접적 상관관계가 없었다. 훼손등급 II등급구간은 23.9%, III등급구간은 8.0%로 나타났으며, 자연등산로 II, III등급구간(19.7%)이 시설등산로 II, III등급구간(12.3%)보다 많게 나타났다. 북한산지역 주요등산로 15.3km중 보수정비가 필요한 등산로 II등급구간은 3.6km, III등급구간은 1.27km로 추정되었다. 등산객의 직접적 간섭이 없었던 등산로 주변 식생변화는 6-8m 구간까지 나타났으며, 등산로의 간섭이 있었던 등산로주변식생변화는 토양경도변화와 일치하지 않고 않았고 국지적으로 다르게 나타났다. 능선부 등산로 주연부식생으로서 Remkiaer 빈도계급 E계급수종은 신갈나무, 참싸리, 진달래, D계급수종은 병꽃나무, 조록싸리, 철쭉, 팥배나무이었으며, 중복등산로에서는 신갈나무가 E계급으로, 진달래, 참싸기, 국수나무가 D계급수종으로 출현했다. 계곡부에서는 진달래, 조록싸리, 국수나무가 D계급수종으로 출현했으며 자동차도로 옆 계곡부에서는 참싸리, 조록싸리, 국수나무가 D계급수종으로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.201-204
• /
• 2002

This study is performed to develop of planting block using rice straw ash for Protection of Inclined plane. For the planting, porous concrete block is demanded ability to passing water and air through void of block. In this paper, material used for porous concrete block is cement, rice straw ash, and coarse aggregate(5-10, 10-20, 5-20mm). Planting block size is 23*23*4cm and kinds of planting are Tall fescue, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata. The results measured for three months show that possible planting of various kinds for porous concrete block.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.857-871
• /
• 2017

The major substrates used in soilless growing media are peat moss and perlite, where peat moss is a limited and expensive natural resource. Determination of appropriate substrates based on technical and economic feasibility is the vital aspect of research and the key to success in any soilless production system. This research work was performed to evaluate different low-cost and sustainable alternative substrate as soilless growing media for horticulture plant. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of sawdust species and steam treatment, for physico-chemical properties and growth of horticultural plant. This study involves the physical and chemical characterization and growth test of four substrate (pine sawdust, oak sawdust, steamed pine sawdust and steamed oak sawdust) in order to evaluate their use as components of growing media. Steamed oak sawdust ($121^{\circ}C$, 30 min) showed adequate physical and chemical properties compared to peat moss for their use as growing media. The growing media were prepared using different mixture proportion to grow Brassica campestris L., Festuca arundinacea and Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. The highest germination, stem length and leaf area of Brassica campestris L., Festuca arundinacea and Lespedeza cyrtobotrya were observed in 30 minute steamed oak sawdust mixture growing media. The steam treatment condition of sawdust used in the growing media significantly positive affected the germination, the stem length and the leaf area.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.311-318
• /
• 2004

농업부산물인 볏짚재를 혼입한 다공성콘크리트 블록의 공학적 특성과 다공성 블록내 식생 특성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었으며, 공극률과 중성화 처리 시점 및 양생방법에 따른 다공성콘크리트의 압축강도, 휨강도 및 pH 등을 측정하였고, 개발된 다공성 블록내 잔디, 참싸리, 비수리를 파종하여 식생 특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과, 볏짚재의 혼입량이 증가함에 따라 공극률은 감소하였고, 강도는 혼입량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 재령 6일에 중성화 처리를 한 경우 의 강도가 가장 크게 나타났다. pH는 기건양생보다는 수중 생한 경우 저감효과가 우수하였으며, 수중양생과 중성화 처리를 병행할 경우 중성화처리 시점에 관계없이 높은 pH저감 효과를 나타내었다. 개발된 다공성 블록에 잔디, 참싸리, 비수리를 식생한 결과 잔디의 성장속도가 가장 우수하였으며, 참싸리와 비수리는 초기성장속도는 늦었으나, 장기적으로 성장이 우수하여 일반적인 토양에서와 비슷한 성장길이를 나타내어 블록내 식생이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 시멘트의 일부로 볏짚재를 혼입한 다공성 콘크리트불록을 개발하였으며, 다공성 블록내 식생이 가능하여 식생블록에 대한 현장 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.38-51
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to improve rehabilitation effect by hydro-seeding methods on denuded slopes. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Indigofera pseudotinctoria, Arudinella hirta, Poa pratensis, and Lolium perenne were used in this study. The results of the germination and growth characteristics by seed coating, slope control and soil mulching treatments are summarized here. Seed coating of those plants had an effect on germination ratio, germination force, $LD_{50}$, and seedling growth of stem, leaf and root. The seed coating effect was highest for I. pseudotinctoria while the seedling growth was best for L. cyrtobotrya. Vermiculite+Talcum was the best coating material for germination and seedling growth of the plants. As the slopes were steeper, germination ratio was lower and seedling growth of stem and root decreased. Lots of seeds and soils were swept away when the slope was steep. Soil mulching was effective for germination, seedling growth of stem and root, and soil stabilization. It was more effective when the slope was steeper. Coir net was the most effective soil mulching material n this study.