• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.494-500
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• 2020

Objective: This study presents a preliminary report on the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Korea. Materials and Methods: As part of a multi-institutional collaboration coordinated by the Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology, we collected nine patients with COVID-19 infections who had undergone chest radiography and CT scans. We analyzed the radiographic and CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia at baseline. Fisher's exact test was used to compare CT findings depending on the shape of pulmonary lesions. Results: Three of the nine patients (33.3%) had parenchymal abnormalities detected by chest radiography, and most of the abnormalities were peripheral consolidations. Chest CT images showed bilateral involvement in eight of the nine patients, and a unilobar reversed halo sign in the other patient. In total, 77 pulmonary lesions were found, including patchy lesions (39%), large confluent lesions (13%), and small nodular lesions (48%). The peripheral and posterior lung fields were involved in 78% and 67% of the lesions, respectively. The lesions were typically ill-defined and were composed of mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation or pure ground-glass opacities. Patchy to confluent lesions were primarily distributed in the lower lobes (p = 0.040) and along the pleura (p < 0.001), whereas nodular lesions were primarily distributed along the bronchovascular bundles (p = 0.006). Conclusion: COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea primarily manifested as pure to mixed ground-glass opacities with a patchy to confluent or nodular shape in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. A considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had normal chest radiographs.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2013

Lesions of the long head biceps tendon pulley are frequent causes of shoulder dysfunction and pain. These lesions cause instability of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB), and intra-articular tear of the subscapularis and the supraspinatus tendon might result from them. The arthroscopic repair of these lesions has not gained widespread acceptance as an effective procedure. Predictable results can be obtained by treating these lesions more definitively with tenotomy or tenodesis. The purpose of this article is to review the anatomy and properties of the LHB pulley and to provide treatment strategies for alleviating pulley lesions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.233-248
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• 1987

The author studied the effect of periapical bone loss on radiographic interpretation by using a dry adult human mandible. Artificial bony lesions were created at the apices of two mandibular second molars and four mandibular bicuspids. The jaw was stabilized and various artificial lesions were radiographed under ideal circumstances. Radiographic pictures were recorded and compared with the size of the actual lesions. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The size of actual lesions were always larger than their radiographic pictures. 2. The size of actual lesion had a greater discrepancy in the molar area where the cortical plates were havier, but the lesions in the bicuspid areas were only slightely larger than their radiographic pictures, and in these areas the cortical plates were quite thin. 3 Periapical lesions located in cancellous bone did not appear on a radiograph, regardless of the size of the created lesion, but when the junctional bone was involved or the cortical plate was perforated, the definite bone destructive change was observed on the roentenogram. 4. Removal of the entire buccal or lingual plate did not affect the trabecular pattern of bone on the roentgenogram. 5. When the cancellous bone and junctional bone were removed simultaneously, altered trabecular patterns were observed on the roentgenogram.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2014

Intraosseous vascular lesions of the maxillofacial region are rare, and the differential diagnosis of intraosseous vascular malformations from other jaw lesions can be challenging. In the present case, magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was used for diagnosis, and the lesion was treated wih surgical excision. Diverse characteristics such as the "honeycomb" and "sunburst" radiographic appearances and the absence of major peripheral feeder vessels in the CTA were noted. Intraosseous vascular malformations have a varied radiographic appearance, and the nomenclature of these lesions is equally diverse, with several overlapping terms. Pathologists do not generally differentiate among intraosseous vascular lesions on the basis of histopathology, although these lesions may present with contrasting immunohistochemical and clinical behaviors requiring varied treatment strategies. This case report highlights the need for multiple imaging modalities to differentiate among vascular lesions, as well as to better understand the behaviors of these unique lesions.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2009

Purpose: This retrospective study was designed to determine the type and frequency of associated lesions in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability who had modified Brostrom lateral ankle ligament reconstruction. Materials and Methods: Between 2004 and 2007, 60 cases of 60 patients were enrolled in this study. A retrospective review of the magnetic resonance images of the affected ankle was conducted by two orthopedic surgeons who did not get any information about intraoperative findings and the lesions were admitted when two doctors were coincident. Results: The overall incidence of associated lesions found in this study was about 83%. Peroneal tenosynovitis was the highest frequency (32%), followed by osteochondral lesion of talus (28%), anterolateral impingement (15%), Os subfibula (13%), Os trigonum (12%), ankle synovitis (12%), anterior tibiofibular ligament tear (15%), anterior bony spur (7%). Another findings were loose bodies (5%), flexor tendon tenosynovitis (5%), medial osteophyte (3%). Conclusion: Identifying these associated lesions will be helpful in treating chronic lateral ankle instability especially when the surgeon have a plan to operate the instability. We suggest that the better results can be obtained when the associated lesions are corrected simultaneously.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2001

Because the tongue is superficially located and the intial manifestation of most diseases occurring there is mucosal change, lingual these lesions can be easily accessed and diagnosed without imaging analysis. Most congenital lesions of the tongue, however, can manifest as a submucosal bulge and be located in a deep portion of that organ such as its base; their true characteristics and extent may be recognized only on cross-sectional images such as those obtained by CT or MRI. In addition, because it is usually difficult to differentiate congenital lesions from other submucosal neoplasms on the basis of imaging findings alone, clinical history and physical examination should always be taken into consideration when interpretating CT and MR images of the tongue. Although the radiologic findings for congenital lesions are nonspecific, CT and MR imaging can play an important role in the diagnostic work-up of these unusual lesions. Delineation of the extent of the tumor, and recognition and understanding of the spectrum of imaging and the pathologic features of these lesions, often help narrow the differential diagnosis.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.337-342
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• 2016

Melasma has several well-recognized etiologic factors, but most researches focus on melanogenesis. The purpose of this study is to show improvement of melasma by reducing vascularity distinguished from melanogenesis. We examined 20 Korean women with both melasma and solar lentigo that were visually assessed by a dermatologist. The volunteers applied functional cosmetics for 8 weeks. We analyzed the results obtained using the chromameter, evaluating the skin color of three areas (melasma lesions, solar lentigo lesions, and non-lesional skin) on the face of volunteer. There was a statistically significant improvement in the brightness and redness of melasma lesions compared to those of non-lesional skin after 8 weeks. Also, we observed that the improvements in the brightness of melasma lesions and solar lentigo lesions were similar. However, the redness of melasma lesions improved more than that of solar lentigo lesions with statistical significance after 8 weeks. In this study, we have shown that brightness and redness in melasma lesions can be improved by functional cosmetics. Thus, we suggest redness to be an additional suitable parameter for the evaluation of melasma lesions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5171-5174
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• 2014

Background: The increase in breast cancer awareness and widespread use of mammographic screening has led to an increased detection of (non-palpable) breast cancers that cannot be discovered through physical examination. One of the methods used in the diagnosis of these cancers is vacuum-assisted core biopsy, which prevents a considerable number of patients from undergoing surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to present the results of stereotactic vacuum-assisted core biopsy for suspicious breast lesions. Materials and Methods: Files were retrospectively scanned and data on demographic, radiological and pathological findings were recorded for patients who underwent stereotactic vacuum-assisted core biopsy due to suspicious mammographic findings at the Interventional Radiology Centre of the Florence Nightingale Hospital between January 2010, and April 2013. Statistical analysis was carried out using Pearson's Chi-square, continuity correction, and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47 years (range: 36-70). Biopsies were performed due to BIRADS 3 lesions in 8 patients, BIRADS 4 lesions in 77 patients, and BIRADS 5 lesions in 3 patients. Mammography elucidated clusters of microcalcifications in 73 patients (83%) and focal lesions (asymmetrical density, distortion) in 15 patients (17%). In terms of complications, 1 patient had a hematoma, and 2 patients had ecchymoses (3/88; 3.3%). The histopathologic results revealed benign lesions in 63 patients (71.6%) and malignant lesions in 25 patients (28.4%). The mean duration of the procedure was 37 minutes (range: 18-55). Although all of the BIRADS 3 lesions were benign, 22 (28.6%) of the BIRADS 4 lesions and all of the BIRADS 5 lesions were malignant. Among the malignant cases, 80% were in situ, and 20% were invasive carcinomas. These patients underwent surgery. Conclusions: In cases where non-palpable breast lesions are considered to be suspicious in mammography scans, the vacuum-assisted core biopsy method provides an accurate histopathologic diagnosis thus preventing a significant number of patients undergoing unnecessary surgical procedures.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system used with automated breast ultrasonography (ABUS) for suspicious lesions detected on breast MRI, and CAD-false lesions. Materials and Methods: We included a total of 40 patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent ABUS (ACUSON S2000) to evaluate multiple suspicious lesions found on MRI. We used CAD ($QVCAD^{TM}$) in all the ABUS examinations. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of CAD and analyzed the characteristics of CAD-detected lesions and the factors underlying false-positive and false-negative cases. We also analyzed false-positive lesions with CAD on ABUS. Results: Of a total of 122 suspicious lesions detected on MRI in 40 patients, we excluded 51 daughter nodules near the main breast cancer within the same quadrant and included 71 lesions. We also analyzed 23 false-positive lesions using CAD with ABUS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CAD (for 94 lesions) with ABUS were 75.5%, 44.4%, 59.7%, and 62.5%, respectively. CAD facilitated the detection of 81.4% (35/43) of the invasive ductal cancer and 84.9% (28/33) of the invasive ductal cancer that showed a mass (excluding non-mass). CAD also revealed 90.3% (28/31) of the invasive ductal cancers measuring larger than 1 cm (excluding non-mass and those less than 1 cm). The mean sizes of the true-positive versus false-negative mass lesions were $2.08{\pm}0.85cm$ versus $1.6{\pm}1.28cm$ (P < 0.05). False-positive lesions included sclerosing adenosis and usual ductal hyperplasia. In a total of 23 false cases of CAD, the most common (18/23) cause was marginal or subareolar shadowing, followed by three simple cysts, a hematoma, and a skin wart. Conclusion: CAD with ABUS showed promising sensitivity for the detection of invasive ductal cancer showing masses larger than 1 cm on MRI.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.95-97
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• 1981

Cystic intrathoracic lesions of foregut origin are now well recognized and account for approximately 10% of lesions presenting as mediastinal tumors. The terminology used to describe mediastinal endodermal cysts has been confused and sometimes ambiguous. The embryological derivation of these lesions has been the cause of much speculation. It Is suggested that these lesions should be classified Into three main categories based on embryology bronchogenic cyst[resulting from a defect of lung budding], Intramural esophageal cyst[true duplication], and enteric cyst[resulting from the split notochord syndrome]. This communication describes a 26 year old man with intramural esophageal cyst who was diagnosed as posterior medlastlnai tumor preoperatively and cured with extirpation of the cyst.