• 생태와환경
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.441-451
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• 2009

The major objectives of this study were to evaluate trophic state of reservoirs using major water quality variables and its relations in terms of trophic guilds and tolerance guilds with dominant lentic fishes. For this study, we selected 6 artificial reservoirs such as Namyang Reservoir ($N_yR$), Youngsan Reservoir ($Y_sR$), Daechung Reservoir ($D_cR$), Chungju Reservoir ($Cj_R$), Chungpyung Reservoir ($C_pR$), and Paldang Reservoir ($P_dR$), and collected fish during 2000~2007 along with data analysis of water quality monitored by the ministry of environment, Korea. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), indicators of organic matter pollution, varied depending on types of the reservoirs and the spatial patterns in terms of trophic gradients were similar to patterns of nutrients, Secchi depth and chlorophyll-a. Analysis of trophic state index (TSI) showed that reservoirs of $D_cR$ and $C_jR$ were mesotrophy and other 4 reservoirs were eutrophic state. The relations of trophic relations showedthat TSI (Chl-a) had a positive linear function [TSI (CHL)=0.407 TSI (TP)+28.2, n=138, p<0.05] with TSI (TP) but had a weak relation with TSI (TN). Also, TSI (TP) were negatively correlated ($R^2=0.703$, p<0.05) with TSI (SD), whereas TSI (TN) was not significant (p>0.05) relations with TSI (SD). Tolerance guilds of lentic fishes, based on three types of the reservoirs, reflected the exactly water quality in the TN, TP, BOD, and COD, and similar trends were shown in the fish feeding/trophic guilds.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2011

This study was carried out to assess the variations of water quality caused by the dam construction on the river. Six dams-Yongdam, Miryang, Hoengseong, Boryeong, Jangheung and Buan- constructed recently in Korea were selected for the study. Chemical oxygen demand(COD) was increased in the initial stage of water storage at dams compared to the lotic(river) environment, but after 3 years it was maintained lower and stabilized concentrations. Five dams except for Jangheung Dam were maintained Ia~Ib grade conditions under the water quality criteria of Korea. The concentrations of total nitrogen(T-N) were decreased under the lentic(reservoir) environment compared to the river status. Total phosphorus(T-P) was decreased 13~63% at the reservoir condition. We concluded that increase of COD concentration was due to the debris organic materials of the land, but temporary phenomenon. T-N and T-P concentrations were decreased at the lentic condition compared to the lotic.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2002년도 춘계공동학술대회 및 심포지움 초록집
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• pp.68-68
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• 2002

• 생태와환경
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2023

This study compares the abundance and community structure of zooplankton organisms from pelagic regions, and considers particularly the trophic levels vs. zooplankton abundances and biomass. Zooplankton samples were collected three times from May to November 2022, at 30 temperate lakes and reservoirs, which belong to four different river basins. The total zooplankton abundance, biomass and species index were showed considerable spatial variation. The spatial pattern of rotifer abundance was similar to that of total zooplankton abundance, while there were not showed similar patterns of zooplankton biomass (㎍ L^-1) in lentic ecosystems. The rotifer strongly dominated the zooplankton assemblage in smaller lentic system than that of larger. A total of 130 species of zooplankton were identified (83 rotifers, 34 cladocerans and 13 copepods). The total average of zooplankton abundance and biomass were 213.7±342.3 Ind. L^-1 (n=129) and 1382.8±1850.4 ㎍ L^-1, respectively. Total and average of zooplankton abundance were usually dominated by the rotifers (>56.9%), while those of zooplankton biomass were dominated by the cladocerans and copepods (>73.6%) in lentic ecosystems. Considering the Trophic State Index (TSI), the factors of zooplankton abundance and biomass were included in between meso- and eutrophic states(27 lakes, 90% of all). The mean abundance and biomass of zooplankton in eutrophic systems were higher than that of meso- and hypertrophic systems. From this result, we suggest that management strategy for the lentic ecosystem water environment has to be focused more on small-sized lakes and reservoirs, in terms of zooplankton assemblages.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 정수 생태계의 건강성 평가를 위하여 물리적, 화학적, 생물학적 다변수 메트릭 평가모델을 개발하고, 개발된 모델을 이용하여 2005년 9월에 대청호의 생태 건강성을 평가를 실시하였다. 메트릭의 특성을 위하여 사용된 변수로는 생물학적 변수, 물리적 변수, 화학적 변수를 적용하였다. $M_1{\sim}M_8$의 메트릭은 어류를 이용한 생물지수 모델을 적용하였고, $M_9{\sim}M_{11}$의 메트릭은 문헌에 의거하여 수정보완 하였다(U.S. EPA, 1998). $M_9$의 메트릭은 호소 연안대의 서식지 특성을 반영하였고, $M_{10}$의 메트릭은 호소의 화학적인 수질상태를 반영하였다. 즉, $M_{10}$의 결과에 따른 회귀식은 $COD_{Mn}=4.42{\times}Log_{10}(Cond)-5.43(R^2=0.774$, <0.01, n=150) 로서 전국의 150개 호소에서의 전기전도도 값은 $COD_{Mn}$의 변이를 77.4%설명하고 있다. $M_{11}$의 메트릭은 호소의 엽록소-${\alpha}$에 의거한 부영양화도 지수(Tropic State Indek, TSI)를 이용하였다. 호소의 TSI(Chl-${\alpha}$)값에 따라 50 이상은 "1", $40{\sim}50$은 "3", 40이하는 "5"로 산정하였다. 상기 11개 다변수 모델을 이용한 대청호 생태계 건강성 평가 결과에 따르면, 대청호의 4개 지점 생태건강성 평균값은 "30"으로서 미국환경부(U.S. BPA, 1993)의 등급에 의거하여 "보통상태${\sim}$악화상태" $(Fair{\sim}poor)$로 나타났다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.307-321
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• 2018

2017년 5월부터 9월까지 제천시에 위치한 2개의 저수지인 의림지(Ur)와 솔방죽(Sr)을 대상으로 어류상 조사 및 호수생태건강성평가를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 채집된 어류는 7과 16속 21종이 출현하였다. 그 중 잉어과 어류가 11종(52.4%), 318개체(46.2%)가 출현하여 우점하는 것으로 나타났고, 검정우럭과(2종, 264개체, 38.4%)가 아우점하는 것으로 나타났다. 전체 출현종 중 참몰개(RA 22.7%, 156개체)가 우점종으로 나타났으며, 아우점종은 파랑볼우럭(19.5%, 134개체), 큰입배스(18.9%, 130개체)로 외래종이 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 화학적산소요구량(COD), 총인(TP)과 엽록소-a(CHL)를 이용한 부영양화지수($TSI_{KO}$) 분석결과, 두 저수지는 중영양상태를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 두 저수지의 수환경영향평가를 위해 LEHA(Lentic Ecosystem Health Assessment) 다변수 모델을 적용하였고, 생태 건강도 모델 값을 산정하였다. 생태건강성평가 결과, 내성종이 각각 56.8%(Ur), 98.3%(Sr)로 나타났으며, 잡식종이 43.9%(Ur), 65.6%(Sr)로 나타나 섭식구조의 단순화로 인하여 내성종과 잡식종의 우점현상을 보였으며, 특히 큰입배스의 상대풍부도가 16.3%(Ur), 31.1%(Sr)로 나타나 생태계가 교란되어 생태건강성이 크게 악화된 것으로 나타났다. 상기 LEHA 다변수 모델을 이용한 의림지(Ur)와 솔방죽(Sr)의 생태건강성 지수 값은 각각 22(의림지), 12(솔방죽)으로서 환경부(2014)의 등급에 의거하였을 때 "악화상태(의림지)", "최악상태(솔방죽)"인 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2017

This study was conducted to analyze the variation of hydro-geomorphological environment along Baekgok wetland, which experiencing periodical inundation, in that water-level fluctuation of reservoir caused by irrigation. Since the field data is unavailable, modeling techniques, involving models such as HSPF and TELEMAC-2D, have been applied to simulate hydrological cycle in watershed and hydrodynamics in channel scale. The result of simulation indicates that the water-level of reservoir determines both the water surface extension and water depth in the wetland. Furthermore, it also shows that water-level functions as a spatial limit factor for a fluvial environment and woody vegetation such as willow. The fact of which the scale of water-level fluctuation being larger than an average topographical relief along the wetland can explain the result. While the water-level kept high, the wetland is submerged and waterbody becomes lentic. In contrast, while the water-level is lowered, fluvial phenomena of which being dependent on flow rate and channel shape become active. Hence, the valid fluvial process is likely to take place only for 4 months annually just near the channel, and it advances to a conclusion expecting a deposition to be dominant among the wetland except for such area. It is anticipated that such understanding can contribute to establishing plans to preserve the geomorphological and ecological value of the Baekgok wetland.

• 생태와환경
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2010

본 연구는 현재 국내 호수에서 사용되는 어구들(Sampling gears) 중 어류를 이용한 호수생태계의 건강성 평가에 적용할 수 있는 어구를 선정하기 위하여 각 어구별 채집 효율성을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 진양호를 대상으로 2008년 11월과 2009년 6월 2회에 걸쳐서 어류조사를 실시하였다. 조사에 사용된 어구는 외통발(FN), 자망(GN), 삼중자망(TN), 투망(CN), 통발(MT), 족대(KN) 등 6개의 어구를 사용하였다. 진양호에서 채집된 총 어류는 1차 조사에서 20종의 4,149개체로 나타났으며, 2차 조사에서 27종의 3,364개체로 나타나 동절기(11월)인 1차 조사에 비하여 하절기(6월)에서 더 많은 종이 출현한 것으로 나타나 1, 2차 조사 결과, 총 어류는 29종의 7,513개체가 채집되었다. 어구별로 채집된 어종을 분석한 결과, 투망(CN)이 28종 3,567개체가 채집되었으며, 정치망(FN)이 15종 3,108개체, 삼중자망(TN)이 14종 577개체, 자망(GN)이 7종 107개체, 통발(MT)이 6종 59개체, 족대(KN)가 5종 95개체가 채집되어 투망이 총 및 개체수에서 가장 많이 채집된 것으로 나타났다. 어류채집도구별 다변량분산분석(MANOVA) 결과, 각 어구마다 채집되는 종수에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이중 CN을 이용한 다른 채집도구들에 비해서 가장 효율적인 것으로 분석되었다. 반면, MT과 KN이 어류채집 시 가장 낮은 효율성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유사도 분석에서도 CN이 전체 채집된 어류 자료와 95% 정도의 유사도를 보였으며, MT, GN, TN, KN으로 채집된 어류는 유연관계가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 호수생태계에서 어류조사도구별 효율성에 대한 예비연구로서 검증을 위해 향후 여러 호수에 대한 더 많은 연구가 뒷받침되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.807-813
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• 2007

Settling velocity is one of major parameters determining algal biomass in water quality modeling. In this study, the settling velocity of phytoplankton was measured in reservoir and stream sites of the Nakdong River, Korea. Settling velocities of various phytoplankton species were determined by measuring algal cell biomass settled in a sedimentation cylinder. Mean settling velocities were $0.22m\;day^{-1}$ in reservoir sites and $0.33m\;day^{-1}$ in stream sites, which were relatively higher compared with other default values suggested by water quality models (e.g. $0.1m\;day^{-1}$ in CE-QUAL-W2). The lower settling velocity in reservoirs than in stream implies the adaptation of phytoplakton to low turbulence in lentic environments. Cyanobacteria showed lower settling velocity ($0.2m\;day^{-1}$) than diatoms ($0.3m\;day^{-1}$), and this phenomenon may have resulted from buoyancy mechanisms of cyanobacteria. Cell volume did not show a significant correlation with settling velocity in this study, implying that conformation factors of colonies or other factors had large effects on settling velocity of algal cells as well as cell size. The result of this study may suggest proper coefficients of settling velocity of phytoplankton in the calibration of water quality model.

• 생태와환경
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2009

We compared spatial and temporal variations of water chemistry between high-flow year ($HF_y$) and low-flow year ($LF_y$) in an artificial lentic ecosystem of Daechung Reservoir. The differences in the rainfall distributions explained the variation of the annual inflow and determined flow characteristics and water residence time and modified chemical and biological conditions, based on TP, suspended solids, and chlorophylla, resulting in changes of ecological functions. The intense rainfall and inflow from the watershed resulted in partial disruption of thermal structure in the metalimnion depth, ionic dilution, high TP, and high suspended solids. This condition produced a reduced chlorophyll-a in the headwaters due to low light availability and rapid flushing. In contrast, reduced inflow and low rainfall by drought resulted in strong thermal difference between the epilimnion and hypolimnion, low inorganic solids, high total dissolved solids, and low phosphorus in the ambient water. The riverine conditions dominated the hydrology in the monsoon of $HF_y$ and lacustrine conditions dominated in the $HF_y$. Overall data suggest that effective managements of the flow from the watershed may have an important role in the eutrophication processes.