• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제83권4호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2020

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receive a range of treatments including but not limited to inhaled bronchodilators, inhaled and systemic corticosteroids, supplemental oxygen, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary intervention that seeks to combine patient education, exercise, and lifestyle changes into a comprehensive program. Programs 6 to 8 weeks in length have been shown to improve health, reduce dyspnea, increase exercise capacity, improve psychological well-being, and reduce healthcare utilization and hospitalization. Although the use of pulmonary rehabilitation is widely supported by the literature, controversy still exists regarding what should be included in the programs. The goal of this review was to summarize the evidence for pulmonary rehabilitation and identify the areas that hold promise in improving its utilization and effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether poor preoperative nutritional status in elderly patients exhibited a negative influence on postoperative clinical outcomes. Methods: The medical records of 645 elderly patients were examined retrospectively. The patients had undergone major surgery between January 2017 and January 2018. Their nutritional status was measured using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002. The data were analyzed using the chi-squared test, the Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression, linear regression, Cox proportional hazards regression, and the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: Preoperative malnutrition was found in 73 patients (11.3%). Poor preoperative nutritional status was significantly associated with pressure ulcers, length of hospitalization, discharge to patient care facilities rather than home, and mortality rate at three months. Conclusion: Preoperative malnutrition in elderly patients was associated with negative postoperative clinical outcomes. These results indicate that an effective nutritional program before surgery can lead to a more rapid postoperative recovery.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.224-229
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• 2003

목 적 : 불임의 증가와 함께 체외수정시술에 의한 신생아의 출생이 점차 증가하고 있으나, 이들에 대한 임상적 예후와 경과에 대한 연구가 미비한 실정으로 본원에서 출생한 체외수정 쌍생아의 임상적 경과 및 예후를 알고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1995년 1월부터 2000년 6월까지 6년간 서울아산병원에서 분만된 신생아 460쌍 중 250쌍의 자연 수정에 의한 쌍생아(대조군)와 체외 수정 시술에 의해 출생한 156쌍의 쌍생아를 대상으로 재태연령, 출생체중, 성비, 입원률, 1분/5분 Apgar 점수, 동맥관개존증의 발생 및 인도신 치료 여부, 신생아 호흡 곤란 증후군, 일과성 빈호흡, 황달, 미숙아망막증, 뇌출혈, 괴사성 장염, 패혈증, 전해질 이상, 선천적 기형의 발생 유무를 비교하였으며, 입원기간과 사망률을 알아보고 비교 분석하였다. 또한 산모의 나이와 출산력 및 조기양막파열, 임신성 고혈압, 조기진통의 발생 여부와 임신 중의 입원횟수와 입원기간을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 6년간 본원에서 출생한 쌍생아는 총 460쌍이었으며 이중 체외수정시술에 의해 출생한 쌍생아는 156쌍(34.1%)이었다. 산모의 과거력과 임신성 합병증, 임신기간, 출산 형태에 대한 비교에서 산모의 나이, 출산력, 입원기간 등은 두 군 사이에 차이가 없었으나, 체외수정시술을 받은 산모에서 조기진통의 횟수가 많았고, 입원 횟수가 의미있게 많았다. 분만 형태의 비교에서 체외수정시술을 받았던 군이 자연수정군에 비해 수술로 분만한 경우가 의미있게 많았으며(93% vs 82%) 응급 수술보다 정규 수술이 의미있게 많았다. 신생아의 비교에 있어서 몸무게, 성비, 동맥관개존증의 발생 및 인도신 치료 여부, 신생아 호흡 곤란 증후군, 일과성 빈호흡, 황달, 미숙아망막증, 뇌출혈, 괴사성 장염, 패혈증, 선천적 기형의 발생 유무, 생존율, 입원기간 등은 두 군간에 의미 있는 차이가 없었고, 1분, 5분 Apgar 점수가 자연수정군에서 높았으며, 전해질의 이상소견이 체외수정시술군에서 의미있게 많았다. 체외수정시술에 의한 쌍생아군에서 첫 번째 아가와 두번째 아가를 비교하였을 때 출생체중, 신생아 집중치료실 입원율, 입원기간 등은 차이는 없었으나, 신생아 호흡 곤란 증후군, 동맥간개존증, 패혈증, 괴사성장염 등은 두번째 아가에서 유의하게 많았다. 결 론 : 체외수정시술에 의한 쌍생아의 출생은 전체 쌍생아 출생아의 34.1%로 많은 부분을 차지하였고, 산과적 합병증 및 주산기 예후를 비교하였을 때 체외수정군과 자연수정군이 유의한 차이가 없었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

Objectives. The current study aims to determine the correlation between nutritional status upon presentation and disease severity, as well as treatment and survival outcomes. Methods. Patients who were diagnosed with deep neck infection, underwent at least one surgical drainage/debridement, and had more than 1 week of hospitalization at a tertiary medical center from 2007 to 2015 were retrospectively included. Thereafter, initial serum albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and body mass index (BMI) were reviewed. Results. A total of 135 patients were included in the final analysis. Accordingly, the proportion of patients with simultaneous mediastinitis (21.0%), necrotizing fasciitis (12.9%), disease extent >1 cervical level (72.6%), mean CRP (22.4 mg/dL), mean length of hospitalization (25.0 days), and mean 1-week follow-up CRP (7.2 mg/dL) was significantly higher in the hypoalbuminemia group (initial serum albumin <3.0 g/dL) than in the normoalbuminemia group (all P<0.05). No significant correlations had been observed according to BMI status. After adjusting for age and Charlson comorbidity index, odds ratios for the following outcomes were calculated in patients initially presenting with hypoalbuminemia: simultaneous mediastinitis (3.07), necrotizing fasciitis (7.89), disease extent >1 cervical level (2.12), initial serum CRP over 20 mg/dL (3.79), hospitalization of more than 14 days (4.10), 1-week follow-up CRP over 5 mg/dL (3.78), and increased duration for an over 50% decrease in initial CRP (2.70) (all P<0.05). Although intravascular albumin replenishment decreased the proportion of patients with hypoalbuminemia after 2 weeks (P<0.05), it did not significantly predict better treatment outcomes. Conclusion. Among the markers reflecting an individual's nutritional state, an initial serum albumin of less than 3.0 g/dL was an independent serologic marker predicting increased disease severity and complications in patients with deep neck infection.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.467-472
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 골반 골절을 지닌 54두의 환축의 임상적 결과를 분석하고 체중 지지까지의 기간, 입원 기 간, 수술 후 파행 등급 등을 평가하는데 있다. 54두의 환축에서 총 195 부위의 골절을 확인하였으며, 이중 47두에서는 2 부위 이상 골절이 확인되었다. 수술을 실시한 31마리에서 수술 이후 체중 지지까지 걸린 평균 기간은 7.04일이었으며, 평균 입원 기간은 16.39일이었다. 또한 수술 이후 평균 최종 파행 등급은 1.25 이었다. 천장골 탈구, 장골 골절, 관 골구 골절 간의 체중 지지 기간, 입원 기간, 최종 파행 등급에서 유의적 차이는 없었다. 수술을 2 부위 이상 실시한 경우와 양측 골반을 동시에 수술한 경우에서 입원 기간과 최종 파행 등급은 유의적인 증가를 보였다. 결론적으로 골 절의 위치보다 골절의 개수가 골절의 회복에 더 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2021

Objectives: Many conditions of the oral and maxillofacial region require hospitalization and in-patient care. The average length of stay (LOS) of these patients varies and is usually affected by multiple confounding variables. However, even with an increasing number of hospital admissions, published evidence on the factors that affect the LOS of oral and maxillofacial patients is lacking. Therefore, this study assessed the LOS of in-patients at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of a government-funded, multi-specialty hospital in Malaysia, based on their reasons for admission and other factors. Materials and Methods: Our samples were collected retrospectively over a 5-year period and included patients with maxillofacial infections, post-trauma stabilization, facial bone fracture surgery, benign and malignant lesion surgery, dentoalveolar surgery, and other maxillofacial surgeries as reasons for admission. Factors potentially affecting LOS were also recorded, and their significance was determined using multiple logistic regression analyses. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: A total of 1,380 patients were included in this study. Most (84.5%) of our in-patients were of Malay ethnicity, and males outnumbered females in our sample by 502 subjects. The median LOS of our in-patients was 3 days. Sex, ethnicity, age, reason for admission, and American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification were factors that significantly affected LOS. Conclusion: The median LOS reported in this study was 3 days. LOS was significantly affected by sex, ethnicity, age, reason of admission and ASA classification.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.338-342
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study is to implement a critical pathway (CP) for patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy or microdiscectomy and describe the results before and after the CP in terms of length of hospital stay and cost. Methods : From March 2008 to February 2009, 61 patients underwent lumbar laminectomy or microdiscectomy due to stenosis or one- or two-level disc herniation in our department and were included in the prepathway group. After development and implementation of the CP in March 2009, 58 patients were applicable for the CP, and these were classified as the postpathway group. Results : The CP, which established a 6-day hospital stay (5 bed-days), was fulfilled by 42 patients (72.4%) in the postpathway group. The mean length of stay was 5.4 days in the postpathway group compared to 6.9 days in the prepathway group, demonstrating a 20% reduction, which was a statistically significant difference ($p{\leq}0.000$). There was a statistically significant reduction in charges for bed and nursing care (p=0.002). Conclusion : Implementation of a CP for lumbar laminectomy or microdiscectomy produced significant decreases in length of hospitalization and charges for bed and nursing care. We believe that this CP reduces the unnecessary use of hospital resources without increasing risk of adverse events.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.195-212
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• 2011

Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between nurse staffing levels and differences in patient outcomes in terms of average length of stay, in-hospital mortality rate and 30-day death rate in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a policy that differentiates fees for inpatients on the basis of nurse-to-bed ratios. Methods: We obtained information on inpatients from health insurance claims data published by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA) in 2008, organizational factors(type of hospital, ownership) from the records of the hospital report system in 2008, and nurse staffing levels, which were graded on a scale of 1 to 7, from data compiled between December 15, 2007, and September 20, 2008. The data were segregated according to type of hospital and quarter and finally 3,517 records of 1,182 hospitals were analyzed using multi-level analysis. Results: The average length of stay in grade 1~6 hospitals was lower than that in grade 7 ones, but the difference was much below one day. No significant difference was found among different grades in tertiary hospitals. Further, variations in staffing levels did not result in any significant difference in the in-hospital mortality rate and 30-day death rate. Conclusions: High nurse staffing levels did not result in better patient outcomes compared with low staffing levels. We therefore recommend modifying the above nurse staffing policy so as to make it more effective in improving patient outcomes.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2019

Background: Weekend admission is known for having association with increased mortality attributed by poor quality of care and severe patients. We investigated the association between hospital admission on weekends and the in-hospital mortality rates of patients with cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, we examined this association stratified by admission via emergency room or not. Methods: We analyzed claim data provided by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment in 2013. In total, 80,817 cardiovascular patients were included in this study, which treated in-hospital mortality (early and during total length of stay) as a dependent variable. A generalized linear mixed effects model was used. We conducted subgroup analyses stratified by admission via emergency room or not. Results: Patients who admitted on weekend showed higher in-hospital mortality both early (odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.78) and during total length of stay (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02-1.33) compared to those admitted on weekdays. Patients who were admitted to the hospital on a weekend by emergency room were more likely to experience early in-hospital mortality compared to those admitted on weekdays. Furthermore, we found that patients not admitted to the hospital through the emergency department were more likely to experience both early and total length of stay in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Our study shows higher in-hospital mortality rates for cardiovascular patients admitted on weekends. Efforts to improve the quality of care on weekend are important to mitigate the 'weekend effect' and improve patient outcomes.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.117-131
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop a critical pathway for case management for patients who have received Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) because of Ischemic Heart Disease(IHD) which is a factor of rising medical expenses. For this study. a conceptual framework was developed through a review of the literature including six critical pathways which are currently being used in USA. In order to identify the overall service contents required by these patients and to draw up a preliminary critical pathway, 30 cases of medical records of patients who had CABG because of IHD between January, 1995 to June. 1996 at the Cardiovascular Center of Yonsei Medical Center in Seoul were analyzed. An expert validity test was done for the preliminary critical pathway and clinical validity test was also done using seven IHD patients with CABG between November 11 and 23, 1996. After these processes. the final critical pathway was developed. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The vertical axis of the critical pathway includes the following eight items : tests, nutrition, medications, consultations, activity, assessments, treatments, education discharge planning and the horizontal axis includes the time from the start of hospitalization to discharge. 2. Analysis of the 30 medical records indicated that the average length of stay was 20.2days with the average length of stay from hospitalization day to operation day being 6.2 days, and the average length of stay from operation day to discharge day was 13. 9 days. Analysis of the service contents showed that the horizontal axis of the preliminary critical pathway was set from hospitalization to the 14th post operation day and the vertical axis was set to include eight items, the contents which ought to have occurred, according to the time frames of the horizontal axis. 3. As a result of the experts validity, it was found that among the total of 571 items. there was over 83% agreement for 482 items, less than 83% for 89 items, which were then deleted and a revision of the critical pathway was done. 4. A clinical validity test was done using seven IHD patients with CABG. During the process, three patients were deleted because they were out of the criteria the investigator set. Finally, four patients were used. The result of study indicated that only one patient was discharged on the tenth post operation day, which was one day later than the expected day. Three patients were discharged later than the expected day from three days to nine days. All the cases progressed on schedule until the operation day and the first post operation day, but from the second post operation days, there were differences between the critical pathway and the actual practice. The differences came from tests, assessments, and treatments. 5. On the basis of the results of the clinical validity test. the following revisions in the final critical pathway were made : the transfer from ICU to step down ward would be the second post operation day, and the transfer to a general ward, the fifth post operation day, for patients who complained of lack of sleep from the fifth post operation day to discharge, a sleeping pill would be prescribed, skin observations would be performed routinely from immediately after the operation until the third post operation day, and would continue if there was a sign of skin injury on the fourth post operation day, and assessment of chest pain would be done from the third post operation day, and the “stairs climbing” item, expected to be done on the ninth post operation day would be deleted. In conclusion, this critical pathway is partially applicable to the care of patients with CABG but there are some parts needed to be further investigated.