• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

Purpose : To investigate the effects of the lavender, lemon and eucalyptus oil mixture on the atopy dermatitis skin lesions induced on NC/Nga Mice by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Material and Method : For this purpose, we fabricated the oil mixture blending three essential oils (lavender, lemon, eucalyptus : ELL) with one carrier oil (jojoba) and apply it on the atopic dermatitis skin lesions of NC/Nga Mice. Atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice was induced by DNCB treatment on the dorsal skin of mice for 8 weeks. The mixture of ratio of each essential oil drop was 1 (eucalyptus) : 2 (lemon) : 2 (lavender) and this mixture was blended with jojoba oil 50ml (0.025%). The ELL-ointment was supplied for 8 weeks. We evaluated the effects of ELL on cell viability of mouse lung fibroblast, clinical skin features and severity, the level of serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) E & Ig G1, Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and Interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$. Results : ELL showed safety on the cell viability of mouse lung fibroblast compared with control group. The cell viability was measured by SRB method. The effects of ELL on clinical skin features and severity in DNCB-induced dermatitis model of NC/Nga mice was significant compared with control group. EEL also showed significant effects on clinical symptom score compared with control group. Serum IgE & IgG1 level and development of atopy dermatitis skin lesions were evaluated. Serum IgE & IgG1 production was significantly down-regulated in EEL group compared with control group. ELL also down-regulated the levels of IL-4 and IL-13, and up-regulated the level of IFN-$\gamma$ compared with control group significantly. Conclusion : ELL was effective on atopy dermatitis by modulating Th2 related factors.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.405-414
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• 2003

The modeling analysis for objects placed in a given space can be described objectively when their visual image structure is grasped. It can't be answered without first analyzing the basic program, visual expression. And when the whole aspect of the visual image of the desired interior utensils is presented, the mindset of its designer can be deduced from that. Therefore, the study was based on the lemon juice squeezer, one of the interior kitchen utensils that Philippe Starck designed for Italy ALESSI company. For the study method, putting'The Elements of Dynamic Symmetry' by Prof. Jay Hambidge into practice, 'paradigm' analysis containing the whole'lemon juice squeezer'image was attempted. And to describe it, the visual mark description method by Prof. Bok-Young Kim was used. In conclusion, henceforth, the relationship between interior space and articles, the relationship between object and user, the modeling critique or analysis of the production itself shoud not be intended to be emotional. On the contrary, the study presented an art analyic methodology that can analyze and describe the visual image structure numerically, and confirm the relationship between form and content.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.911-921
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• 2015

We evaluated two herbal plants, basil (Ocimum basilicum) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), for their potential as repellent plants in the management of striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata), in organic production of chinese cabbage. It was confirmed that striped flea beetle avoided these two herbal plants in olfactometer experiment. We conducted field experiment in which the suppressive effect of the two selected herbal plants and cruciferous crops preferred by striped flea beetle were evaluated through cultivating as inter crops and border crops, respectively. In inter-cropping experiment, unlike in vitro test, the density of striped flea beetle was low in basil- or mustard-intercropping cultivation plot, but high in lemon balm-intercropping cultivation plot. In border cropping experiment, the density of striped flea beetle on chinese cabbage in lemon balm or basil cultivation plot were approximately zero. As a result of this study, we think that border cropping of lemon balm or basil can be used to reduce preventively striped flea beetle of chinese cabbage under organic farming system.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1262-1268
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• 2017

Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora), a plant in the Myrtaceae family, is native to the semitropical rain-forests of Queensland and is presumably the most commercialized native spice. In Australian thousands of lemon-myrtle trees are under tillage. This study was carried out to investigate the alcohol metabolism, hepatoprotective effects and antidiabetic, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of hot-water (LMW) and 80% ethanol (LME) extracts from lemon-myrtle leaves. The alpha-glucosidase (${\alpha}$-glucosidase) inhibitory activities of the LMW and LME extracts were 7.66% and 40.29% at 1 mg/ml (p<0.05), respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the LME extract was about 38.26 % at 1 mg/ml. The effects the LMW and LME extracts had on alcohol-metabolizing activities were determined by measuring the generation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The ADH activities of the LMW and LME extracts significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and were about 154.40% and 192.03% at 1 mg/ml, respectively (p<0.05). The ALDH activities of the LMW and LME extracts also significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and were about 151.14% and 192.34% at 1 mg/ml, respectively (p<0.05). At $100{\mu}g/ml$, the LMW and LME extracts showed significant protective effects against tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. The results suggested that Backhousia citriodora leaf extracts have the potential to be significant sources for natural health products.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.986-993
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• 2017

Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) has been identified as one of the plants that are likely to undergo important commercial exploitation. This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression of hot water (LMW) and 80% ethanol (LME) extracts from lemon myrtle leaf in lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS) RAW 264.7 cells. The total phenol content of LMW and LME was 207.44 and $331.54{\mu}g$ tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/mg, respectively (p<0.01). DPPH radical scavenging activities of LMW and LME were remarkably increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were about 90.69% and 92.50% at 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of LMW and LME were 106.22% and 103.58% at 1 mg/ml, respectively. The highest activity (91.03%) of nitrite-scavenging was observed for LME at 1 mg/ml at pH 1.2, while the activity for LMW was about 81.03% under the same conditions (p<0.05). Anti-inflammatory effect was examined in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production were reduced to 35.41% and 78.39% by addition of LMW and LME at 0.5 mg/ml, respectively (p<0.05). LMW and LME reduced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). These results, we conclude that lemon myrtle may be a highly valuable natural product owing to its high-quality functional components as well as its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.394-405
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• 2017

This study was conducted to confirm the usefulness of essential oil components in yuzu and kumquat cultivated in Korea for comparison with those in lemon and lime. The volatile flavor compounds in citrus fruits (yuzu, kumquat, lemon and lime) were extracted for 3 h with 100 mL redistilled n-pentane/diethylether (1:1, v/v) mixture, using a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction apparatus (SDE). The volatile flavor compositions of the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aroma compounds analyzed were 104 (3,713.02 mg/kg) in yuzu, 87 (621.71 mg/kg) in kumquat 103 (3,024.69 mg/kg) in lemon and 106 (2,209.16 mg/kg) in lime. Limonene was a major volatile flavor compound in four citrus fruits. The peak area of limonene was 35.03% in yuzu, 63.82% in kumquat, 40.35% in lemon, and 25.06% in lime. In addition to limonene, the major volatile flavor compounds were ${\gamma}$-terpinene, linalool, ${\beta}$-myrcene, (E)-${\beta}$-farnesene, ${\alpha}$-pinene and ${\beta}$-pinene in yuzu, and ${\beta}$-myrcene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, (Z)-limonene oxide, (E)-limonene oxide, geranyl acetate and limonen-10-yl acetate in kumquat. Furthermore, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-myrcene, geranyl acetate, neryl acetate and (Z)-${\beta}$-bisabolene in lemon and ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, (Z)-${\beta}$-bisabolene, neral, geranial and neryl acetate in lime were also detected. As a result, it was confirmed that the composition of volatile flavor compounds in four citrus fruits was different. Also, yuzu and kumquat are judged to be worthy of use alternatives for lemon and lime widely used in the fragrance industry.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2001

Underwears treated by aroma capsule(UTA) have been known to have many advantages than normal underwears, for example, UTA has antimicrobial and deodorant properties. In this experiment, we examined antimicrobial and deodorant effect of UTA treated by rose and lemon fragrance, Mechanical properties of UTA including surface property, bending property and shear property were also tested. The results are as follows,1. The effects of antibacterial is estimated as 33% and the efficiency of deodouration is about 95 % in UTA. 2. The fragrance of UTA maintained even after 25 times washout. 3. Bending and shear properties were not changed in UTA However it decreased the coefficient of friction of the textures and the smooth surface was detected when the human skin was contacted.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 1994

Among many kinds of odors, some are known to have effects of sedation or stimulation on brain activity. In this study, brain activity levels affected by four kinds of fragrance0lemon, lavender, jasmine, and rose-were tested using EEG recording. In the first experiment, the quality of alpha wave was examined under controlled rest condition. In the second experiment, the event-related potential (ERP) and contingent negative variation (CNV) were investigated during a simple reaction tasks (SRT) against auditory signal. EEG data obtained for the rest condition were analyzed suing "3-Dimensional Viewer)" which was developed by ourselves to show the chaotic attractor of the signal. Power spectrum were also calculated using FET. EEG data obtained during the SRT were analyzed by comparing CNV amplitudes about each odor condition. Results confirmed the sedative effect of the lemon and the lavender, and the stimulative effect of the jasmine and the rose.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.144-148
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 쾌한 향과 불쾌한 향에 대한 좌우 반구의 차이를 보여 주는 비대칭 지수를 사용하여, 두 반구 사이의 변화를 살펴보았다. 중년층과 장년층 여성을 대상으로, 100%의 Basil oil, Lavender oil, Lemon oil, Jasmin oil, Ylangylang oil(KIMEX co. Ltd), Sketol의 총 6가지 종류의 천연향을 제시한 후, 주관적 평가를 통해 쾌한 향과 불쾌한 향을 구분한 후, 이 두 향에 대한 뇌파의 비대칭도를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 중년층의 경우, 주관적 평가에서 쾌한 향으로 나타난 lemon향을 제시했을 때, 불쾌한 향을 제시한 경우에 비해 세타파와 알파파에서 우반구 부분이 우세한 경향을 보여 주었고, 장년층에 비해 중년층은 마찬가지로 세타파와 알파파에서 쾌한 향 자극 시 우반구가 우세함을 보여 주었다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 1994

A simple, safe, and sensitive gas chromatographic method using packed column and electron capture detector to analyze 2, 4-D herbicide in imported lemon, grapefruit, and orange was described and its usefulness evaluated. In this scheme of analysis the acid herbicide was converted into its alkyl esters by an one-step reaction prior to analysis. The herbicide in the fruits was extracted with ethyl acetate and partitioned against dichloromethane for purification, and the extracts finished partitioning were derivatized with alcohol, using sulfuric acid as a catalyst to form the corresponding alkyl derivatives. The analytical scheme studiedwas found to be applicable for the herbicide in the fruits without a column clean-up procedure. The mean recoveries of the herbicide for lemon samples fortified at 0.1 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg were 93% and 95%, respectively. The detection limit was 0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg for 2.4-D methyl ester.