• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2015

A design guideline about legible and preferred Korean character sizes is necessary to provide better visual information in a group-view display. The present study examined the legible and preferred Korean character sizes by an experiment employing eight background-font colors and four representative font types (Gulim, Ming, Gothic, and Batang). Forty subjects (male : 20 and female : 20) in their 20s were recruited for the experiment. The legible and preferred sizes were determined based on the method of limits, one of psychological approaches. The results showed that the legible and preferred sizes increased as the contrast between background and font colors decreased. In addition, the legible and preferred sizes for Gulim were significantly smaller than those of the other font types. It is expected that the present study may contribute to providing better visual information in a group view display.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.397-406
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine legible Korean font sizes within in-vehicle information systems(IVISs) in diving conditions. Background: Font legibility within IVISs is one of important causes on its' safe operations during driving. Several researches proposed some guidelines on the legible English font sizes within IVISs. On the contrary, appropriate Korean font sizes have been hardly known in spite of the typological differences between English and Korean. Therefore, more systematic researches for improving the legibility on Korean font size within IVISs have been required. Method: In this study, an experiment was performed with the following experimental factors: the existence of vibration, the color contrasts(white on black, black on white), the font types(HDR, CubeR, Gothic), and the font sizes(6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24pt). To fit the experimental conditions into real driving environments, the illuminance was controlled to 15lx by using LED lamp and the distance between IVIS and participants was kept to 70cm. Moreover, all participants took the shutter glasses for employing well-known occlusion techniques. Results: The experimental results showed that 'HDR' and 'Non-vibration + Black on white' group took the shortest response time, and decreasing slopes of the response time with increasing font sizes were slowing down at 14pt then flattened out at 22pt regardless of the existence of vibration and color contrasts. Conclusion: The minimum size for legible Korean font would be about 14pt(5.47mm) and the optimum size would be about 22pt(8.59mm). Application: The guideline on the Korean font sizes from this study will be applied to design an IVIS in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.92-100
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effects of the syllable number(one, two), font type(gothic, myung), color contrast (black on white, white on black), display type(paper, LCD), age(20s, 60s) and character size(2~80pt) on the Korean characters' legibility. Total twenty subjects from two age groups (20s: n=10, 60s: n=10, five male and five female in each group) participated in the legibility test. A target panel was presented in the distance of 50 cm, and subjects conducted a reading tests for, in total, 16 treatment conditions (full combination of syllable number, font type, color contrast and display type). Results showed that two-syllable words revealed better legibility than one-syllable character. The main effects of the age, display type, font type, color contrast, and character size were statistically significant(p<0.01). Paper showed better legibility than LCD, particularly in the 20s and in the character sizes of less than 9pt. Gothic revealed more correct answers than Myung, particularly in the 60s, paper, and white on black conditions. It is expected that these results can provide basic data for the determination of the Korean characters' minimum legible size standards. For example, the minimum legible size for the Gothic and black on white characters presented in the paper should be 5pt for 20s and 1lpt for 60s if the 75% correct reading(3 correct answers in this study) was applied for the legibility criterion.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

Purpose: The degree of the pupil covered with tinted region of circle soft contact lens was determined according to the illuminant conditions in everyday life and the change of visual acuity by its covering was further investigated. Methods: The circle contact lens having the non-tinted area of 6.2 mm in the center of the lens was applied on 82 eyes in their 20s and their minimum separable visual acuity and minimum legible visual acuity were determined under the luminances of 50 and 370 lux. Results: The covering of pupil was not found when wearing circle contact lens under 370 lux, however, some pupil covering ranged from 0.40 to 1.70 mm was observed in all subjects under 50 lux. The minimum separable visual acuity and minimum legible visual acuity were significantly decreased by the wearing of circle contact lens under 50 lux and the correlation between the larger pupil size of subjects and more decrease of visual acuity was observed. Furthermore, the decrease of minimum separable visual acuity was larger than the case of minimum legible visual acuity indicating that minimum separable visual acuity was largely affected by the covering of pupil. Conclusions: The consideration is necessary for the lens wearers and the manufacturers since the wearing circle contact lens in low-light indoor or nighttime activities may affect directly visual acuity.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the legibility of one-syllable Korean characters with the participation of sixteen subjects. The experiment considered nine factors including age (young and old), gender (male and female), illuminance (150lx and 600lx), viewing distance (50cm and 200cm), material type (paper and LCD), typeface (Ming and Gothic), thickness (plain and bold), color contrast (black letter/white background and white letter/black background), and complexity (simple, complex, and number) to examine main effects with a $2^{6-3}\times3$ fractional factorial design. The dependent variables were minimum character size of 100% correctness, maximum character size of 0% correctness, and minimum character size of comfortable reading preference. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that age, illuminance, viewing distance and complexity were significant for all dependent variables, except gender which was significant only for the minimum character size of comfortable reading preference. In general, the young could see twofold smaller size letters than the elderly. The subjects could see smaller sized letters with the illuminance of 600lx and viewing distance of 50cm than 150lx and 200cm, respectively and also with numbers, simple characters, and complex characters in that order. The findings of this study could be characterized about the legibility of Korean characters and be good resources for developing its standard.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.860-865
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• 2004

Field emission display(FED) using carbon nanotubes (CNT) as field emitters is expected to large-area panels with high luminance and low power consumption. In order to perform the uniform luminance with low driving voltage, we introduced a new electrode to apply higher electric potential over the CNT cathode in 2003.[1] In the study, we described the luminance uniformity of the panel and the improvement of emission uniformity by increasing the emission-site density. The luminance uniformity of the several ideal dots which were selected over the display area in the panel was 2.8%. [2] The CNT cathode was irradiated by excimer-laser, which was effective to improve emission uniformity and lower driving voltage. A prototype of CNT-FED character display was performed for middle size message displays. The prototype panel had 48 x 480-dots and the resolution was 1-mm. The panel realized high luminance at low power consumption. It will be important characteristics for legible and ubiquitous displays. [3]

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.681-689
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• 2023

Purpose: Muons are characterized by a strong penetrating ability and can travel through thousands of meters of rock, making them ideal to image large volumes and substances typically impenetrable to, for example, electrons and photons. The feasibility of 3D image reconstruction and material identification based on a cosmic ray muons tomography (MT) system with triangular bar plastic scintillator detectors has been verified in this paper. Our prototype shows potential application value and the authors wish to apply this prototype system to 3D imaging. In addition, an MT experiment with the same detector system is also in progress. Methods: A simulation based on GEANT4 was developed to study cosmic ray muons' physical processes and motion trails. The yield and transportation of optical photons scintillated in each triangular bar of the detector system were reproduced. An image reconstruction algorithm and correction method based on muon scattering, which differs from the conventional PoCA algorithm, has been developed based on simulation data and verified by experimental data. Results: According to the simulation result, the detector system's position resolution is below 1 ~ mm in simulation and 2 mm in the experiment. A relatively legible 3D image of lead bricks in size of 20 cm × 5 cm × 10 cm used our inversion algorithm can be presented below 1× 10⁴ effective events, which takes 16 h of acquisition time experimentally. Conclusion: The proposed method is a potential candidate to monitor the cosmic ray MT accurately. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to discuss the application of the detector and the simulation results have indicated that the detector can be used in cosmic ray MT. The cosmic ray MT experiment is currently underway. Furthermore, the proposal also has the potential to scan the earth, buildings, and other structures of interest including for instance computerized imaging in an archaeological framework.