• Mycobiology
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.339-345
• /
• 2014

During 2011~2013, a total of 729 samples for 19 types of medicinal plant were collected from Seoulyekryungsi in Seoul, Korea, and investigated for the presence of aflatoxins. The samples were analyzed using immunoaffinity column cleanup and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorescence detector after post-column derivatization. Aflatoxins were found in 124 out of the 729 analyzed samples: 65 containing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 24 with aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), 15 with aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and 20 samples with aflatoxin G2 (AFG2). The ranges for positive samples were $0.1{\sim}404.7{\mu}g/kg$ for AFB1, $0.1{\sim}10.0{\mu}g/kg$ for AFB2, $0.1{\sim}635.3{\mu}g/kg$ for AFG1, $0.1{\sim}182.5{\mu}g/kg$ for AFG2, and $0.1{\sim}1,043.9{\mu}g/kg$ for total aflatoxins. Most of the medicinal plant samples (721, 98.9%) were below legal limits, but 8 samples exceeded the legal limits of 10 and $15{\mu}g/kg$ established by the Korean standard for AFB1 and total aflatoxins (the sum of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.35-49
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the current status and correlations among scuba divers' knowledge of safety, compliance with safety rules, and ability to cope with emergency situations. Methods: There were 317 study subjects. Data were collected between September 21, 2012 and September 7, 2013, and analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. Results: Of the participants, 89.3% wanted to be educated in emergency care, while 69.4% indicated that preparedness in emergency situations for divers is insufficient. 78.5% suggested a need to creat a legal standard for the prevention of accidents. The average scores among the participants showed 3.22 points for knowledge of safety, 3.09 points for compliance with safety rules, and 2.91 points for ability to cope with accidents and emergency situations, with strong correlation among them. The lower license level they had, the lower score they indicated. Conclusion: We suggest there is a need to strengthen systematic educations on knowledge of safety, compliance with safety rules, and the ability to cope with emergency situations and emergency care at the open water level. In addition, there is a need to creat legal standards to consolidate the effects of these changes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.11 s.104
• /
• pp.1311-1317
• /
• 2005

In environmental Impact assessment, noise impact assessment usually consists of three stages-surveying the existing noise levels by measurements, predicting noise levels induced by construction works and predicting noise levels after the completion of a project. The distance-attenuation relation of a point source, which has been used to predict the noise level due to its simplicity does not consider complex acoustic phenomena like multi-reflection, -diffraction and -absorption due to complex topographic configuration of buildings and terrains. For the consideration of such physical complexities. a noise mapping tool is adopted to produce a series of noise maps, which are those for the present, tot the works of construction and for the future. For accurate noise mapping, acoustical and topographic Information is used. Standard sound power levels and directivities of various construction equipments are need and scheduling of construction processes and locations of the equipments should be provided. In the case of exceeding legal limit, mitigation measures are applied to satisfy the legal limits and subsequent noise map is obtained and checked.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.285-302
• /
• 2019

Good faith is difficult to define due to the facts that there is not an objective and concrete concept of good faith, and good faith in contracts for the international sale of goods is a principle that parties to the contract must act with sincerity as members of a social community. The Korean Supreme Court shall pay attention to setting the applicable standards that can be universally applied to good faith based on the self-established criteria. Through such effort, it is possible not only to realize the value of concrete validity pursued by the general clause of good faith but also to realize the value of legal stability by assuring the predictability of results when applying good faith. In the modern sense, it can be said that the arbitrary application of general rules rather than the escape and general clauses is a problematic situation in the application of good faith, but this problem can be solved by setting a reasonable standard of good faith. This paper studies good faith in the view of Korean law, international laws, and related cases in contract law. The purpose of this paper is to find the problems and solutions of the practical application of good faith by analyzing the Korean case (2009Da86000), which undermined the legal stability of good faith in Korea.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.595-604
• /
• 2021

For civil servants in the legal sector, the best performance that must be shown is not how they carry out activities following standard operational procedures but what is more important is how they show Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in daily activities. This study aims to examine what factors influence the formation of OCB civil servants in the legal sector in Indonesia. The study was conducted on 145 civil servant respondents who were involved in secretarial activities, each from the Judicial Commission Secretariat, the Attorney General's Office, the Ministry of Justice, the Supreme Court, the Police Headquarters, and the Constitutional Court. The research methodology used Partial Least Square (PLS) Version 3.0. The empirical findings of the research show that organizational culture has a significant influence in shaping transformational leadership that can build OCB among civil servants in Indonesia. This effect is much larger and more significant than the compensation system, which is widely believed to be the main factor in forming OCB, such as the results of previous studies. The results of this study imply that the formation of an organizational culture with values that can create high work productivity which has an impact on transformational leadership styles in building OCB.

• Journal of KIBIM
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 2022

Railway is compsed in various components, such as subgrade, track bed, sleeper, rail, and overhead line, on a linear space. Therefore, comprehensive work for various design standards and guidelines is required when designing a railway facility. For this reason, much time and effort are required to review the relevant design standards and guidelines. While, automatic legal check system for BIM models has been developed in the architectural engineering, it has not been developed in the railway engineering. This study reviews the korean design standard and the korean code for railway engineering, and suggests some rule items of logical information. Comparing the suggested rule items to the railway BIM library, items of logical information and additional attribute information are obtained. The analysis results of railway design standards and BIM library presented in this study would be utilized for defining rule-set items that is essential for development of the automatic legal check system for railway BIM models.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.119-134
• /
• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to expound the packaging framework system(PFS) under international trade rules. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed packaging framework system and packaging regulations and technical standards in international regulations and major countries and classified these in some standards Findings - First, the study provides packaging provisions associated with packaging regulations and technical standards (PRTS). Then, the basis of PFS in international trade rules was proposed; it is believed that the PFS was composed of packaging legal system in WTO institutional framework (WTO-PLS), international organization packaging standard system (IO-PSS) and major countries or regions packaging regulatory system (MCR-PRS). Secondly, this paper expounded relations and legal characteristics of the three packaging systems. Finally, This study investigated PRTS coverage under technical barriers to trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS). Research implications or Originality - The regulations associated with PRTS have played a key role in challenges to merchandise trade in international trade. This study has significance in classifying packaging related reticulations into several criteria unlike previous studies. Therefore it is hope that this study can provide a supplementary document for the existing research of PRTS.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study systematically analyzed cases in South Korea wherein nurses were prosecuted for involuntary manslaughter or injury due to professional negligence in pediatric care. Methods: We analyzed the precedents using the methodology of Hall and Wright (2008) and Austin (2010). Of the 618 cases retrieved from the Supreme Court Decisions Retrieval System in South Korea, we selected the 12 cases in which children were the victims and nurses were the defendants, using a case screening methodology. Results: The most frequent penalty was a fine, and newborns were the most frequent victims. The distribution of cases according to Austin's violation categories was: improper administration of medications (n=5), failure to monitor for and report deterioration (n=4), ineffective communication (n=4), failure to delegate responsibly (n=4), failure to know and follow facility policies and procedures (n=1), and improper use of equipment (n=1). Conclusion: To ensure the safety of children, nurses are required to teach and practice a high standard of care. Nursing education programs must improve nurses' awareness of their legal obligations. Nursing organizations and leaders should also work towards enacting effective nursing laws and ensuring that nurses are aware of their legal rights and responsibilities.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.49-63
• /
• 2023

The inclusion of software and wireless communication devices in vehicles has raised concerns regarding automobile security. In its response, UNECE WP.29 implemented the first-ever international standard for automotive cyber security in June 2020. Yet, the existing disparity between national standards for automotive certification systems and 「UN Regulation No. 155」 has caused confusion among auto makers. This discrepancy not only jeopardizes the security of domestic vehicles but also poses challenges to the seamless import and export of automobiles. Hence, there is a need to enhance the automotive cyber security certification system; however, there is a dearth of scholarly discourse on this topic. Consequently, this study presents a proposal for enhancing the domestic automotive cyber security certification system. In view of this, existing legal frameworks such as the 「Motor Vehicle Management Act」 and the 「Self-Driving Vehicle Act」 were reviewed, along with domestic and international automotive certification systems. The recommendations for improvement, derived from the findings, encompass institutional, legal, and operational aspects. This study is highly significant as it examines both domestic and international automotive certification systems in an area where there is a lack of academic discussion.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2008

Based on 11 Classics of Materia Medica designated by Ministry of health and welfare bulletin 1995-15 as legal basis in scope and preparation of herbal prescription, we reviewed indication, property and processing of Rhus Verniciflua Stokes which appear extensively in literature since earlier Joseon Dynasty. Following is the conclusion of this review after comparing with 'Korean Pharmacopoeia: commentary on herbal product standard'. 1. The properties of Rhus Verniciflua Stokes in 'Korean Pharmacopoeia :commentary on herbal product standard' should be changed as 'Tonifying the middle, restoring the muscle, fulfilling marrow, breaking old static blood, tonifying and activating after removing mass, unblocking the meridian, killing worms' and indication should be changed as 'Old static blood, deep rooted mass, wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, cough, 9 types of chest pain, abdominal or flank accumulation of stagnated qi[氣], amenorrhea, hernia mass, small bowel or bladder colic pain, abdominal pain due to worm accumulation'. 2. The processing of Rhus Verniciflua Stokes in 'Korean Pharmacopoeia: commentary on herbal product standard' should include 'natural drying or steaming drying followed by grinding and stir-baking until ripened or smoking appears'.