• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2023

The feeding ecology of the eight barbel loach, Lefua costata, were investigated in the Jusucheon (Stream), Namyang-ri, Okgye-myeon, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Korea from January to December 2013. L. costata mainly fed from March to December when the water temperature was higher than 5℃, and the feeding rate peaked in April~May and September~October. Their main food organisms analyzed by the index of relative importance (IRI) were Diptera (77.1%), Ephemeroptera (20.3%), Trichoptera (1.7%) and Odonata (0.4%) in Insecta. Other food organisms were various, such as Arhynchobdellida (0.6%) and Tubificida (0.1%) of Annelida, Nematoda (0.2%), fish (Actinopterygii, 0.1%), and Veneroida (0.01%) of the Mollusca. Major seasonal food organisms were Diptera (55.4%) and Ephemeroptera (41.6%) in spring, Diptera (92.7%) and Anelida (6.8%) in summer, Diptera (70.8%), Ephemeroptera (9.0%), Trichoptera (8.1%) and Annelida (7.7%) in autumn. By age, juvenile (0+) tended to eat only Diptera (mainly Chironomidae, 98.2%) that were relatively small in prey size. However, as it grew, the proportion of Diptera gradually decreased, and the proportion of relatively large Mayflies and Annelids increased. The size of the prey organisms showed rapid growth, with 2.5±1.05 mm for juvenile (0+), 3.2±1.29 mm for one year (1+), 3.7±2.05 mm for two years (2+), and 6.8±4.97 mm for three years or more (≥3+).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.160-171
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• 2022

This study investigated the characteristics of fish communities, habitat characteristics and the age of Lefua costata in the Jusucheon of Gangneung-si, Korea from January to December 2013. The survey collected 23 species belonging to ten families from 6 survey stations. The dominant and subdominant species were Zacco koreanus (relative abundance, 22.1%) and Rhynchocypris steindachneri (20.1%), respectively. The next most abundant species were Tridentiger brevispinis (10.7%), Orthrias nudus (9.7%), Zacco platypus (8.6%), Lefua costata (7.9%), Iksookimia koreensis (6.0%) and Pungitius sinensis (3.0%). Among the fish species collected, one species, P. sinensis, was class II endangered wildlife by the Ministry of Environment, and four species (Z. koreanus, I. koreensis, Silurus microdorsalis and Cottus koreanus), were endemic to Korea. Additionally, five migration fish species (Tribolodon hakonensis, Hypomesus nipponensis, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Oncorhynchus keta and Plecoglossus altivelis) were collected. The similarity index based on species composition and numbers separated fish communites in the Jusucheon according to main section, i.e., uppermost(St. 1), upper (St. 2~4), middle (St. 5), lower (St. 6). Ecosystem health of Jusucheon Stream (fish assessement index) evaluated using fish was assessed as very good (5 stations) and good (1 station). The main inhabit of L. costata was the middle-lower stream of aquatic plants habitats with mud bottoms, very slow water velocity and water depth 40~80 cm. The age groups for L. costata (female) estimated by the frequency distribution of total length in the spawning season (May) indicated that the 24~37 mm is 1-year old, the 38~51 mm group is 2-year old, the 52~63 mm is 3-year old, 64~77 mm is 4-year old and the 80~91 mm is more than 5-year old. Finally, characteristics of fish communities, habitat characteristics and the age of Lefua costata in the Jusucheon was discussed.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to observe the early life history of Korean Lefua costata and use the result as basic taxonomic research data for balitorid fish. The fertilized eggs were light green color with completely circle shape and mean size was 1.21±0.06 mm (n=30). Immediately after hatching, the size of the larvae was 2.81±0.11 mm (n=5) in mean length, with egg yolk. On the 3rd day after hatching, the preflexion larvae had a mean length of 4.64±0.09 mm (n=5), and their mouth was opened to start feeding. On the 8th day after hatching, a mean length of the postflexion larvae was 9.43±0.46 mm (n=5), the distal part of the notochord was bent to 45°, and 16 fin rays were developed on the caudal fin. On the 31st day after hatching, a mean length of juveniles was 22.3±0.85 mm (n=5), and the number of fin rays was the same as that of adult fish with (iv8) dorsal fins and (iii8) anal fins.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.283-294
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• 1988

한국산 종개아과 어류 2종, 종개 Nemacheiius yoni (Dbowsky)와 할미꾸리Letuo costata (Kessl교측 지리적 변리를 조사하기 위하여 우리나라 17개 천수역에서 표본을 채집하여 반문, 계수 ·계측치, 비공의 위치, 비늘 및 핵형등을 kk교하였다. 제주적를 포함하는 우리나라 전역에 분포하는 1. costata는 형태변리가 없었다. 그러나 각. torsi는 집단간에 상당한 형태적 차리가 나타났는데, 그가운데 삼섭 마읍천집단은 두장, 비늘의 오양 및 핵형등에서 N. torsi의 다른집단과는 분류여적으로 잘 구별되어 주목되었다. 조사된 대부분의 N. to러의 집단의 핵형분석에서 이형 염색체가 발견되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2021

This study was conducted to elucidate spawning period characteristics and early life development of eight barbel loach, Lefua costata (Balitoridae) at the Jusucheon stream, Okgye-myeon, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Korea between January and December in 2018. The spawning period was estimated to be from May to August, considering the change in the gonad-somatic index, the appearance of young fry, and frequency distribution in egg diameter. It was a multi-spawning type. The gender ratio was 1:0.79 with 1,117 females and 879 males collected. The egg size was 0.24-0.93 mm, with mature and immature eggs found during the spawning period. The size of mature eggs was 0.71±0.02 mm, and the average number of fecundity was 1,786±818 (n=31). Observation of the egg development showed that the fertilized eggs were the sticky, gray, segregated, and demersal type with 0.76±0.03 mm in diameter. The hatching of the embryos began at about 34 hours (hatching rate 50%) after fertilization underwater temperature of 25℃. The average length of the newly hatched pre-larvae was 2.7±0.11 mm. The average length of pre-larvae at 4 days after hatching was 4.5±0.16 mm, and the yolk sac was completely absorbed and entered the post-larvae stage. At 20 days after hatching, the average length of post-larvae was 11.5±0.67 mm, and their fin rays were formed before they transitioned to the juvenile stage. At 100 days after hatching, the average length reached 49.8±2.60 mm, and the appearance and the lateral sideband patterns were similar to those of the adult fish.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2005

The ichthyofauna and fish community were studied in Miho Stream from May 2004 to August 2005. During the surveyed period 41 species belonging to 10 families were collected. Twelve of the species (29.3%) are endemic to Korea. Exotic fishes were Carassius cuvieri, Lepomis macrochirus, and Micropterus salmoides. Dominant species was Zacco platypus (54.7%). Comparing the present result with that of Son (1982), the indices of diversity,evenness and richness were lower and the dominance index was higher; Lampetra reissneri, Anguilla japonica, Acheilognathus macropterus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Pseudopungtungia nigra, Gobiobotia naktongensis, Lefua costata, Pseudobagrus koreanus, Monopterus albus and Iksookimia choii did not appear; Carassius auratus, Rhodeus uyekii, Rhodeus notatus, Acheilognathus lanceolatus, Pseudogobio esocinus, Hemibarbus longirostris, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Cobitis lutheri, Iksookimia koreensis, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, and Rhinogobius brunneus, remarkably decreased, and Z. platypus, Pseudorasbora parva, and Squalidus gracilis majimae increased.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.549-556
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• 1984

Forty-eight fish species belonging to 38 genera and 10 families were collected along the Dongjin River from July 1982 to May 1984. The dominant species of them were Rhinogobius brunneus and Zacco platypus in the main stream and Abbottina springeri, Hemiculter eigenmanni and Moroco oxycephalus in the tributaries respectively. It was remarkable point in the distributional study of freshwater-fishes of Korea that both species of Pelteobagrus nitidus and Lefua costata were observed in the present studied areas for the first time. It was found that 6 species of Hypomesus olidus, Hemiculter eigenmanni, Pseudobagrus sp., Liobagrus mediadiposalis, Cobitis taenia striata, and Lepomis macrochirus inhabiting the seomjin River were unstably incorporated into the fish communities at the upper reaches of the Dongjin River which the Seomjin River flow down for the water power generation. It is suggested that the integradation between two subspecies of C. taenia occurs at the intermediate water areas in the mainstream of the Dongjin River, whereas C. t. striate is remained only at the upper reaches and C. t. lutheri is lived in the lower parts of the river. Population of C. koreensis found in the mainstream was exhibited considerable differences in the color patterns on the body sides of them in comparison with other populations, which was discussed in relation to the habitat variations adapted to the confluent condition of joining the Seomjin stream with the Dongjin River.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.110-122
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• 1991

기름종개과의 N. toni, L. costota, N. multifasciata 3종에 대한 형태분석, 핵형분석 및 전기영동법에 의한 유전자 분석을 실시 각 종의 지리적 변이 및 계통적 유연관계를 조사하였다. 형태 측정치에 대한 discriminant 분석결과 연 yoni 월악산집단, 1. costoto 거제도집단 그리고 환multifasc지물 산철집단이 같은 종내 타 집단들과 형태상 완전히 분리 되어졌다. 핵형분석에서 N. muftifosciota와 1. costoto는 2n: 50으로 염색체수는 조사된 전 집단이 변리없이 동일하였다. N to티 삼척과 진부집단은 2n: 50으로 동일하였으나 고성집단은 2n=50, In : 48인 염색체상이 한개체에서 동시에 발견되었고, 인형성부위의 위치 및 형태가 타 집단과 차이가 있었다. 전기영동을 실시하여 총 28개의 유전자를 검출, 분석하였다. 3종중 N. multifosciata 청도집단의 유전적 변이 (HDi 123, HG : .160)가 가장 높았고, N. toni 고성집단이 가장 적었다. ( HD= .017, HG= .015). N. yoni 고성집단과 강릉집단은 각 집단의 고유한 genetic marker를 다수 갖고 있으며 타집단들과 유전적 근연관계도 매우 먼 것으로 나타나 각기 독립된 별종으로 추정된다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2005

Fish fauna of mountain streams in the Odaesan National Park area was investigated from May to October 2004. A total of 2,580 individuals were collected and classified into 26 species belonging to 9 families at the 25 sites. There were 8 Korea endemic species $(30.77\%)$, including Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa, Silurus microdorsalis, Coreoperca herzi. Exotic species, Oncorhynchus mykiss was collected in this survey. Dominant species were Rhynchocypris kumgangensis $(37.17\%)$, and subdominant species was Rhynchocypris steindachneri$(23.02\%)$. Also Zacco platypus, Zacco temmincki, Oncorhynchus masou masou, Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis, and Ladislavia tazanowskii were numerous. In spite of the geographical isolation by Taebaek-sanmaek, 8 species were introduced from the Han River systems to eastern water systems in Odaesan National Park.