• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2000

This paper outlines the development of a non-pulsatile axial flow type blood pump control system. By utilizing blood pressure and heart rate, this system can assist the left ventricle in controlling blood pressure and blood volume. The system is comprised of a blood pump, signal sensor, signal interface, and signal-processing component. A control algorithm is also proposed which can control non-pulsatile, continuous blood flow in the human circulatory system. To facilitate the control required for non-pulsatile blood pump in a physiological system, an experimental control rule was developed utilizing ECG and blood pressure data, both of which are easily detectable variables in the body. The system was then tested using a mock-up circulation system and we found that it is possible that this systems could be temporarily used in clinic.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 1992

In order to use a low cost polymer valve in our total artificial heart and ventricular assist device, we have developed a slit-type bileaflet polymer valve[BPV 1. The aim of this study is to determine the hydrodynamic effectiveness of the newly-designed BPV and its feasibility for temporary use in the blood pumps. For hydrodynamic comparison, we investigated in-vitro the pressure drop across the valve, the leakage volume, the flow rate and the flow pattern of the BPV, two mechanical valves and a trileaflet polymer valve. We employed the ventriculo-pulmonary bypassing method for in-vivo tests of the BPV's together vilh our electrohydraulic left venIn ricular assist device in mongrel dogs. The BPV showed adquate gydrodynamic performances and in the preliminary animal bests, there was no xvi dence of thrombus formation on the valve leaflets and around the struts. Detailed results obtained from the animal tests will be separately reported. This report involves the design criteria, fabrication and hydrodynamic charateristics of she BPV, and the basic merits and demerits of the valve are dis- cussed from the hydrodynamic point of view.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.11
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• pp.211-215
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• 1995

전기유압식 좌심실 보조장치에서 모터 전류 파형을 정보로 하여 작동기의 이완기 속도를 조절함으로써 좌심방으로부터 유입되는 혈류량을 조절하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 전기 유압식 좌심실 보조장치에서는 혈액의 유입이 능동적으로 이루어지므로, 좌심방 함몰로 인한 심근 손상 및 외부 공기 유입으로 인한 색전증을 방지하기 위해 유입혈류량을 현재 좌심방 내의 상태에 따라 적절히 조절해 주어야 한다. 좌심방 내의 혈액량 정도는 혈액을 유입해내는 작동기의 이완기 동작 시에 소모되는 에너지 크기에 반영되고, 작동기를 구동하는 모터에 들어가는 전류의 크기는 작동기에 공급되는 에너지에 비례하므로, 이 전류 파형의 정보들을 통해 좌심방 내의 상태를 추정해 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 퍼지로직을 적용하여 모터 전류 파형의 이상 유무를 판단한 뒤 이에 따라 작동기의 이완기 속도를 조절하는 알고리즘을 개발하여 모의순환장치 실험을 통해 그 실효성을 검증한 결과를 정리하였다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.313-320
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• 1998

Tri-phasic pulsatile flow is the general flow pattern of human circulary system. In emulating the various situation of cardiovascular system, it is essential to make tri-phasic source flow. To emulate tri-phasic pulsatile flow, we used electro-hydronic style LVAD(Left Ventricular Assist Device) with glass phantom and rubber tube. We have selected control parameters and examined the changing effect of each parameter by using Doppler ultrasound. In this experiment, it was shown that the distal compliance and the break time were the major factors to form tri-phasic flow. The results make it possible to emulate and explain the various situation of human vascular system. In this point, this results will be an useful method in the clinic application.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.05
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• pp.232-234
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• 1996

Cadiac output estimation scheme of LVAD using multi-dimensional interpolation technique was introduced in this paper. This paper also show appropriate input -output data for estimation. Experimental results show our approach is a good one for the estimation of nonlinear hemodynamics.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1065-1077
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• 1999

Background : Ventricular assist devices(VADs) are being used for patients in postcvardiotomy cardiogenic shock status bridge to cardiac transplant settings and in post-myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock. The VAD which was developed at the Deparment of medical engineering in Dankook University College of Medicine was a pneumatically driven device and can maintain pulsatile flow. The goal of this study is to develop animal experimental models using the VAD and to clarify the reliability and hemodynamic property adequacy of end organ perfusion durability and severity of thrombotic-hemolytic tendency of the device. Material and Method : The pneumatic VAD was applied to 8 adult female lambs, We examined some hemodynamic parameters such as arterial blood pressure pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(pcwp) pulmonary artery pressure(PAP) left atrial pressure hour urine output cardiac index VAD flow EKG to determine the reliability of the VAD and hemodynamic compatibility of the experimental animals within 24 hours of experiment. We also observed the end organ perfusion durability of the VAD and thrombotic-hemolytic property of the VAD after 24 hours of VAD insertion. Result: We could monitor all hemodynamic parameters including pcwp PAP cardiac index EKG, adn hour urine as true clinical settings. We observed that the reliability of the VAD was excellent and the hemodynamic property of the experimental animal and end organ perfusion were adequate within 24 hours of experiment. In four lambs surviving 24 hours after insertion the reliability of the VAD and end organ perfusion were excellent and no thrombotic-hemolytic tendency was noted. However after 15 days of experiment the diaphragm of the VAD was torn and it was recommende that the durability of the VAD should be extended. Conclusion : e conclude that the pneumatic VAD developed at Dankook University Biomedical Engineering has good hemodynamic property and low thromboembolic tendency and presents adequate end organ perfusion but we noted that the durability of the device should be expanded further. It will be possible to do more reliable experiment in the future according to the animal experimental method developed in this study especially with the heart failure models.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1992 no.11
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• pp.141-145
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• 1992

심부전 환자의 심근회복을 도울 수 있는 장비인 전기유압방식 좌심실보조기를 개발하였다. 좌심실보조기는 혈액펌프, 압력펌프, 제어기로 구성되어 있으며, 혈액펌프에 내장된 혈액주머니는 동물실험을 위하여 50 ml의 크기로 제작하였다. 좌심실보조기의 성능평가를 위하여 최대 박출량을 측정하고 있으나 실험실에서 측정된 간은 동물 실험에서 관찰되는 것보다 일반적으로 증가된 박출량을 보이게 된다. 이는 생체에서는 좌심방의 체적이 박동 주기에 따라 변하여 좌심실보조기가 받아들일 수 있는 유효 혈액량이 변하는 반면, 모의순환장치에서는 좌심방을 단순 저장고로 사용하기 때문에 좌심방의 박동주기에 따른 체적변화를 감안하지 못하여 생기는 것이다. 본 실험에서는 모의순환 장치에 체적변화 가능한 100ml 크기의 좌심방을 연결하여 좌심방으로 들어오는 혈류량이 제한된 동물실험 상황을 모방하였다. 좌심실보조기의 제어방식중 수측기 이완기 비율(SD 비율)변화에 따른 좌심방 음압발생효과를 관찰한 결과 SD 비율을 40 %로 유지하면 행정거리가 클때도 좌심실의 음압발생을 줄일 수 있는 것을 관찰하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2010

Background: Fulminant myocarditis is a rare, but life threatening condition. Its prognosis is related with proper management in the acute phase. A cardiopulmonary support device can be very useful in this phase. We report on our experiences with managing acute fulminant myocarditis with a cardiopulmonary support (CPS) device. Material and Method: We reviewed retrospectively 9 patients who had a CPS device used for their fulminant myocarditis between September, 2006 and October, 2008. A Capiox emergency bypass system (Terumo Inc, Tokyo, Japan) was percutaneously inserted in all the patients. Upon implantation, all the patients were in cardiogenic shock because of ventricular arrhythmia or severe left ventricular dysfunction. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was $20{\pm}6%$ according to transthoracic echocardiography. Result: 3 patients died despite CPS. The CPS was bridged to a transplanted heart in one patient. The rest were successfully explanted after a mean time of $107{\pm}70$ hours of running. The mean EF after discharge was $56{\pm}7%$ without dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusion: Fulminant myocarditis can be fatal, but its prognosis is excellent if these patients receive proper, timely treatment. A cardiopulmonary support device can be very useful in this acute period. However, the implantation and management protocol of cardiopulmonary support are not yet settled. Further study is necessary to lower the complications of cardiopulmonary support for patients with fulminant myocarditis.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1991 no.11
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• pp.70-74
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• 1991

좌심실보조기의 임상응용범위를 넓히기 위해서 개심술을 하지 않고 좌심실보조기를 적용할 수 있도록 캐뉼라형 좌심실보조기를 이용한 보조순환 실험을 하였다. 좌심실 보조기는 모터의 회전력이 PVC 벨로우즈를 수측, 팽창시키는 전기유압식으로 구동되며 환자는 양쪽 대퇴동맥을 통하여 보조순환을 받도록 되어 있다. 두차례의 동물실험을 통하여 대퇴동맥을 통한 보조 순환방식의 가능성 및 그 효과에 대해서 관찰하였다. 첫 실험은 12kg 개를 이용하여 셀딩거 방법으로 뮬린형 카테터를 디퇴동맥으로 삽입히여, 캐뉼라형 보조순환방법의 가능성을 확인하였고, 두번째 동물실험에서는 내경 4.8 mm의 PVC 카테터를 이용하여 좌심방에 유입카테터를 연결하고 대동맥에 유출카테터를 연결하여 보조순환에 의한 대동맥압의 변화와 혈류량의 변화를 관찰하였다. 보조순환동안 개의 동맥압을 100mmHg로 유지할 수 있었으며, 좌심실내압이 감소하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1993 no.11
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• pp.89-92
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• 1993

In this article, we present and analyze the results of the three consecutive in vivo experiments of the LVAD to evaluate the function of the LVAD and the adverse effects on living animals. We applied the LVAD consecutively to three mongrel dogs and the circulation of the blood was assisted under the anesthesia. We used in general both the asynchronous mode and the synchronous mode to drive the LVAD. During the experiments we monitored the dogs with a polygraph to evaluate the function of the LVAD and the additional effects on the natural hearts. We also examined several clinical pathologic tests in order to see the effects of the LVAD to the red blood cells and the other internal organs. The dogs survived for two to there days. The LVAD assisted the circulatory system at the maximum assist flow rate of 3.0 1/min. Although the red blood cells of the dogs had mechanical damages by the LVAD to result in the hemolysis, the degree of the hemolysis was not so high and the damages caused by the hemolysis on the dogs were not serious. The myocardium of the first dog was gradually worsened and eventually failed. The damage of the myocardium was due to the asynchronous driving mode of the LVAD. The other organs did not have serious damages due to the application of the LVAD. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the results of the in vivo experiments of the LVAD and to find better ways to the application of the LVAD to human beings.