• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2005

Background: Traumatic rupture of the aorta is a life-threatening injury that must be diagnosed as rapidly as possible and treated immediately. The chest X-ray is a valuable tool for screening traumatic rupture of the aorta in blunt chest trauma. And various chest radiologic parameters are being used as diagnostic tools for aortic injury. The purpose of this study is to identify chest radiographic parameters that may assist in the detection of traumatic rupture of the aorta and to compare these findings with those of other reports. Methods: This study involved 30 adult patients with traumatic rupture of the aorta seen at the emergency department of the Asan Medical Center from 1997 to 2004. The control subjects were 30 healthy patients with neither lung nor cardiovascular disease. We retrospectively assessed over 14 parameters on chest X-rays. Results: In 11 of the 14 parameters, there were significant differences between the study group and the control group. There was no significant difference in the M/C ratio (mediastinumto-chest width ratio) between the two groups, and neither the left nor the right paraspinal interface was statistically significant (p value>0.05). Our study indicates that new criteria for the MC ratio and for the paraspinal interfaces are needed for screening traumatic aorta injury. The other radiographic parameters for traumatic rupture of the aorta need to be further assessed through a prospective study.

• 청정기술
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2006

단면이 직사각형 형태를 갖는 마이크로채널에서 이론적인 퍼텐셜의 분포변화를 제타퍼텐셜과 수력학적 지름을 변수로 조사하였다. 그리고 종/횡(Height-Width) 비를 1, 1/2, 1/3로 변화시켜서 형태의 변화에 따른 퍼텐셜의 분포변화를 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 Comsol 사의 FEMLAB 3.0을 이용하여 전산 무사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 단면의 수력학적 지름이 감소함에 따라서 높이방향 표면이 퍼텐셜 분포에 미치는 영향이 일정한 영역까지 나타났다. 또한 단면의 중앙을 지나는 가상의 선상에서 퍼텐셜 값은 제타퍼텐셜에 정비례하여 증가하였으며, 퍼텐셜 값은 단면의 종/횡 비가 증가함에 따라서 그 기울기가 증가하였다. 그렇지만 전체적으로 보았을 때, 단면의 종/횡 비가 감소함에 따라서 전기이중층이 표면방향으로 압축되는 형태를 나타내었으며, 이는 제타퍼텐셜의 증가를 가져올 것으로 사료된다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2014

Conventional handheld metal detectors use a single induction coil to detect the metallic parts of explosive objects, and the detector generates an acoustic signal from its magnetic response to a metallic object so that an operator can confirm the existence of mines. Though metal detectors have very useful detection mechanisms to find mines, it is easy to cause a high false alarm ratio due to the detection of non-explosive metallic items such as cans, nails and other pieces of metal, etc. Also, because of the physical characteristic of a metal detector it is hard to detect non-metallic objects such as mines made of wood or plastic. Furthermore, the operator must move it to the left and right slowly and repeatedly to attain enough sensor signals to confirm the existence of mines using only a monotonous acoustic signal. To resolve the disadvantages of handheld detectors, many new approaches have been attempted, such as an arrayed detector and a visualization algorithm based on metal/non-metal sensor. In this paper, we introduce a visualization algorithm with a metal/non-metal complex sensor, an arrayed metal/non-metal sensor and the their testing and evaluation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.648-654
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• 1989

A clinical study was performed on 363 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis treated surgically resection during the period of 3 years from January, 1986 to December, 1988 in the National Kong-Ju Hospital. The results obtained are follows: 1. The ratio of male to female was 1.6:1 in male predominance, age from 20 to 40 occurred 82.6% of the total cases. 2. The moderately advanced cases was the highest incidence with 53.2 % for extent of disease, duration of illness which 1 to 5 years before operation was 40.8 % of the total cases. 3. Preoperative sputum examination for AFB was 53.2 % in negative but in spite of chemotherapy, persistent positive sputum was 46.7%. 4. Indication for surgery were: total destroyed lung was 35.5 %, destroyed lobe or segment with or without cavity was 30.6%, empyema with or without bronchopleural fistula was 8.5%, according to type and site of surgical procedure, pleuropneumonectomy and pneumonectomy was the highest incidence with 53.4 %, left site was slightly more than right with 55.9 % of the total cases. 5. The incidence of postoperative complication was 10.2 % and then the highest incidence was empyema with or without bronchopleural fistula with 4%, according to type of surgical procedure, postpleuropneumonectomy and postpneumonectomy was 6.1 % of the total cases. 6. Postoperative mortality was 1.4 % of the total cases, according to cause of deaths, hypovolemic shock due to bleeding were 2 cases, respiratory failure were 2 cases and hepatic coma due to hepatic failure was 1 case.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.552-556
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• 2016

Obstacle detection is a key feature in the safe driving control of electric wheelchairs. The suggested obstacle detection algorithm was designed to provide obstacle avoidance direction and detect the existence of cliffs. By means of this information, the wheelchair can determine where to steer and whether to stop or go. A 3D depth camera (Microsoft KINECT) is used to scan the 3D point data of the scene, extract information on obstacles, and produce a steering direction for obstacle avoidance. To be specific, ground detection is applied to extract the obstacle candidates from the scanned data and the candidates are projected onto a 2D map. The 2D map provides discretized information of the extracted obstacles to decide on the avoidance direction (left or right) of the wheelchair. As an additional function, cliff detection is developed. By defining the "cliffband," the ratio of the predefined band area and the detected area within the band area, the cliff detection algorithm can decide if a cliff is in front of the wheelchair. Vehicle tests were carried out by applying the algorithm to the electric wheelchair. Additionally, detailed functions of obstacle detection, such as providing avoidance direction and detecting the existence of cliffs, were demonstrated.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.432-439
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• 1982

Congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia [Bochdalek hernia] is the result of a congenital diaphragmatic defect in the posterior costal part of the diaphragm in the region of the tenth and eleventh ribs. There is usually free communication between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The defect is most commonly found on the left [90%], but may occurs on the right, where the liver often prevents detection. The male to female ratio is 2:1. Owing to the negative intrathoracic pressure, herniation of abdominal contents through the defects occurs, with resultant collapse of the lung. Shifting of mediastinum to the opposite side and compression of the opposite lung occurs. Most often these hernias are manifestated by acute respiratory distress in the newborn. A second, but less well recognized, group of patient with Bochdalek hernia survive beyond the neonatal period, usually present at a later time with "failure of thrive, intermittent vomiting, or progressive respiratory difficulty. " The diagnosis can often be made on clinical ground from the presence of respiratory distress, absence of breath sounds on the chest presence of bowel sounds over the chest . Roentgenogram of the chest confirm the diagnosis. Obstruction and strangulation have been reported but are rare. Treatment consists of early reliable identification of these congenital diaphragmatic hernia with high risk and surgical repairment. and postoperative pharmacological management with extracorporeal membranous oxygenation [=ECMO] support in the period of intensive care. On the surgical approach, for defects on left side, an abdominal incision is preferred, because of the high incidence of malrotation and obstructing duodenal bands. In the neonate, the operative mortality may be appreciable, but, later repair almost always is successful. During the period from 1972 to 1982, 4 cases of congenital Bochdalek hernia were experienced at the Kyung-Hee University Hospital.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2013

Objectives: This study sought to elucidate the effect of autogenous tooth bone material by experimenting on minipig's maxillary sinus and performing histological and histomorphometric analyses. Materials and Methods: Five 18-24 month-old male minipigs were selected, and right maxillary sinuses were grafted with bone graft material made of their respective autogenous teeth extracted eight weeks earlier. The left sides were grafted with synthetic hydroxyapatite as control groups. All minipigs were sacrificed at 12 weeks after bone graft, which was known to be 1 sigma (${\sigma}$) period for pigs. Specimens were evaluated histologically under a light microscope after haematoxylin-eosin staining followed by semi-quantitative study via histomorphometric analysis. The ratio of new bone to total area was evaluated using digital software for calculation of area. Results: All specimens were available, except one on the right side (experimental group), which was missing during specimen preparation. This study demonstrated new bone at the periphery of the existing bone in both groups, showing evidence of bone remodeling, however, encroachment of new bone on the central part of the graft at the 1 ${\sigma}$ period was observed only in the autogenous tooth bone group (experimental group). Histomorphometric analysis showed more new bone formation in the experimental group compared to the control group. Although the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05), the mean percentage area for new bone for the experimental and control groups were $57.19%{\pm}11.16%$ and $34.07%{\pm}13.09%$, respectively. Conclusion: The novel bone graft material using autogenous tooth is a good alternative to autogenous bone, comparable to autogenous bone, and outperforming synthetic hydroxyapatite bone graft materials in terms of bone regeneration capacity. Augmentation with autogenous tooth bone materials will reduce donor site morbidity without hampering the safety of the autogenous bone graft.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.103-113
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• 1998

현재 국내의 고등학생에 대한 굴절이상에 관한 조사는 아주 미흡한 상태이다. 특히 동일집단의 시력을 수년에 걸쳐서 추적 조사한 사례는 거의 전무한 설정이므로 동두천지역 중 고등학생의 3년 전과 현재의 안굴절 상태를 비교 분석하여 근시, 원시, 난시 등 굴절이상의 발생분포 현황을 조사하고, 또한 앞서 보고한 바 있는 일반성인의 시력에 관한 역학조사와 동일한 장비를 이용하여 학생들의 시력을 측정함으로서 성인과 학생의 시력을 비교분석하였다. 시력을 spherical equivalent 기준으로 분류할 때 정시안이 총 대상안의 36.0%, 굴절이상안이 총 대상안의 64.0%(근시 60.6%, 원시 4.4%)를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 1995년 학생에 비하여 1998년 학생의 근시안 비율이 증가하였으며, 1998년 학생들이 1997년 일반성인보다 정시안의 비율이 7.4%, 근시안의 비율이 4% 높게 나타났고, 원시안의 비율은 성인에 비하여 매우 낮게 나타났다. 굴절이상안의 종류별 분포는 전체 대상안 1212안 중 단순근시가 전체 대상안 중 28.6%로 가장 많았고, 근시성 복난시가 22.4%로 두 번째로 많았으며, 그 다음은 근시성단난시가 14.4%, 원시성단난시 3.1%, 혼합난시 1.7%, 단순원시 1.2%, 원시성복난시 1.2%의 순서로 나타났다. 난시안의 분포는 Cyl-0.25Dptr를 난시에 포함시켰을 때 전체 대상안의 76.7%를 차지하였으며, -025Dptr를 제외하였을 때는 전체 대상안의 45.6%를 차지하였으며, 학생의 직난시가 도난시의 약 4.5배가량 많은 것으로 나타났다. 우안과 좌안의 굴절력을 비교한 결과 우안이 더 근시 쪽의 이상을 나타내었으며 이는 성인의 경우와 동일한 것으로 조사되었으며, 남녀의 굴절이상에서는 유의한 차이점이 발견되지 않았다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.511-516
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• 2002

배경: 단순 심실중격결손증의 수술적 교정이 심실 수행능력의 지표로 사용되는 심실 수축기 시간 간격에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 심초음파를 이용하여 심실 수축기 시간 간격을 측정하였다. 대상 및 방법: 대상 환아는 비제한성 심실중격결손을 가진 30명으로 수술 당시 환자들의 평균 나이는 6.5$\pm$3.2개월이었다. 심초음파를 이용한 추적 평가 항목은 좌심방/대동맥 내경비, 좌심실 구축율, 좌심실 수축기 시간간격 및 우심실 수축기 시간 간격을 조사하였다. 심초음파는 술 전과 술 후(술 후 첫 번째: 수술 후 2주이내, 술 후 두 번째: 수술 후 4~6개월, 술 후 세 번째: 수술 후 1~2년)에 실시하였다. 결과: 좌심방/대동맥 비는 수술 직후 감소하였으나(1.74$\pm$0.37 to 1.36$\pm$0.24＊, 1.32$\pm$0.22＊, and 1.27$\pm$0.19＊, p<0.01:술 전과 비교), 좌심실 구축률은 추적 기간 동안 유의한 변화는 관찰되지 않았다(65.1$\pm$7.0 to 62.3$\pm$$\pm$9.5, 62.8$\pm$5.7, and 64.1$\pm$6.9 단위 %). 좌심실 수축기 시간 간격(LVPEP/LVET)은 술 후 두 번째부터 감소하기 시작하여, 지속적으로 유의한 감소 추세를 보였다(0.46$\pm$0.13 to 0.46$\pm$0.11, 0.37$\pm$0.08＊, and 0.34$\pm$0.07＊, p<0.01:술 전과 비교). 우심실 수축기 시간 간격(RVPEP/RVET)은 술 후 1년이 경과 한 후부터 유의한 감소를 보였다(0.33$\pm$0.08 to 0.32$\pm$0.08, 0.31$\pm$0.07, and 0.27$\pm$0.05＊, p<0.01:술 전과 비교). 결론: 심실중격결손증 수술 후 심실의 수축기 시간 간격은 술 후 1년 후까지도 지속적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 이 기간동안에는 추적관찰이 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.82-93
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• 2000

The concept of sustainable development in rural area, which is focused on both preservation of nature and human's amenity, has been common paradigm. The purpose of this study is to suggest the development directions for the environmentally friendly rural house. The planning items for developing sustainable rural house were selected through literature survey, case study, and their adaptation evaluation. The establishment of principles and the evaluation of planning items were analyzed by a survey to experts. The results are as follows : 1) It is showed that sustainability evaluation of rural village is rated as above the moderate degree, but rural house is rated as 3.4(average score). Especially, there were lowly evaluated the utility, material, structure and inner environment in rural house. 2) It is revealed that 76.7% of planning items are located in both the upper left and upper right hand quadrant of the action grid, which is drawn by the importance-performance analysis(IPA). And any item is not found in the lower right hand quadrant(Possible Overkill). 3) Two basic principles and eight optional principles we identified by analysis of factor and regression. The rural zone is identified as major effective element for applying planning items into the rural house development. So it is desirable to apply the items differently by the rural zone type. 4) In view of sustainable development, it is desirable for rural village to have about 50 houses, and for rural house to have $155{\sim}180$ pyung(坪) as lot size, 30% as ratio of building, and 60% as building volume.