• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.201-207
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• 1986

1984년 1월부터 1986년 7월까지 2년 6개월간 영남의료원 내과에 입원하여 폐암으로 생각되었던 287예중 생검상으로 진단되었던 159예의 폐암환자를 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 폐암 환자의 연령 분포는 27세에서 87세였고 평균 연령은 58.6세로 51세에서 70세 사이가 69.2%를 차지하였다. 2. 남녀비는 낚자 131예, 여자 28예로 4.6:1이였다. 3. 입원당시 주소는 호흡곤란, 흉통, 기침, 각혈, 체중감소 등이었고 기본검사 (Routine check)상 발견된 예도 3예가 있었다. 4. 내원하기전의 병력기간은 3개월 이내가 56.6%였다. 5. 호발부위 는 우측 폐 58.6%, 좌측 폐 36.2%였고 우측 상엽이 33예(21.7%)로 가장 많았다. 6. 조직학적 분포는 squamous cell type이 54.7%, small cell type이 19.5% adenocarcinoma가 9.4% large cell type이 6.4%였다. 7. 진단법은 굴곡성 기관지경 검사법이 76.8%로 가장 높았다. 8. 동반된 질환은 폐결핵이 48예중 36예(75.0%)로 가장 많았다. 9. 치료는 주로 conservative 였고 8.3%에서 수술이 시행되었고 small cell type cancer에서는 항암치료가 주로(54.8%) 이용되었다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2015

$^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ 신장 신티그라피는 피질에 주로 섭취되어 신실질을 영상화하고 좌우 신장 및 배후방사능에 관심영역을 설정함으로써 상대 신섭취율을 평가할 수 있는 검사로, 진단 및 치료 후 경과관찰에 이용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 후면상과 양면상 촬영 시 그리고 신장의 깊이를 적용한 경우의 상대 신섭취율 변화를 비교하여 상관관계를 알아보고자 한다. 실험은 신장 팬텀 및 조직등가물질을 이용하여 신장의 깊이에 차이를 주며 깊이 당 각 5번씩 총 25번을 진행하였다. 임상연구는 2014년 2월부터 10월까지 본원에 내원하여 $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ 검사를 시행한 36명의 성인 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 장비는 감마카메라 INFINIA를 사용하였으며 GE사의 Xeleris Ver. 2.1220을 이용하여 신장 및 배후 방사능 모두 자동으로 관심영역을 설정하였다. 또한 환자별 신장 깊이의 차이를 고려하여 측면상을 촬영한 후 실제 신장 깊이를 측정하였다. 후면상에서의 산술평균값과 양면상에서의 기하학적 평균값 그리고 후면상에 신장 깊이를 적용해준 상대 신섭취율을 비교해보고 유의한 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 팬텀 실험 결과 좌, 우 신장 깊이의 차이가 1 cm 미만인 경우에는 양면상을 촬영했을 때와 후면상에 실제 깊이를 적용해준 경우 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나(P>0.05), 1 cm를 초과한 경우에는 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 임상 연구에서는 후면상만을 촬영해준 경우와 후면상에 신장 깊이를 적용해준 경우의 상관관계(r=0.988)에 비해 양면상을 촬영해준 경우와 후면상에 신장의 깊이를 적용하여 보정해준 경우가 더 높은 상관관계(r=0.999)를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서는 양면상과 후면상을 촬영했을 때의 상대 신섭취율 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 후면상만 촬영한 경우에도 깊이를 보정해줬을 때와 비교하여 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었으나 오차를 줄이기 위해서는 양면상을 촬영해주는 방법을 권고한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.15
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• pp.416-419
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• 2002

There are being two prominent studying for Digital Radiography. Direct and Indirect method of Digital Radiography are announced for producing high quality digital image. The one is using amorphous selenium as photoconductor and the other is using phosphor layer as a light conversion. But each two systems have strength and weakness such as high voltage and blurring effect. In this study, we investigated the electrical characteristic of $multi-layer\left(CaWO_{4}+a-Se \right)$ as a photoconductor according to the changing arsenic composition ratio. This is a basic research for developing of Hybrid digital radiography which is a new type X-ray detector. The arsenic composition ratio of a-Se compound is classified into 7 different kinds which have 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 5%, 10% and were made test sample throught thermo-evaporation. The phosphor layer of $CaWO_4$ was overlapped on a-Se using EFIRON optical adhesives. We measured the dark and photo current about the test sample and compared the electrical characteristic of the net charge and signal-to-noise ratio. Among other things, test sample of compound material of 0.3% arsenic showed good characteristic of $2.45nA/cm^2$ dark current and $357.19pC/cm^2/mR$ net charge at $3V/{\mu}m$.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.647-659
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• 2023

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of correct occlusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) on intracardiac blood flow and thrombus formation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) using four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional (3D)-printed phantoms. Materials and Methods: Three life-sized 3D-printed left atrium (LA) phantoms, including a pre-occlusion (i.e., before the occlusion procedure) model and correctly and incorrectly occluded post-procedural models, were constructed based on cardiac computed tomography images from an 86-year-old male with long-standing persistent AF. A custom-made closed-loop flow circuit was set up, and pulsatile simulated pulmonary venous flow was delivered by a pump. 4D flow MRI was performed using a 3T scanner, and the images were analyzed using MATLAB-based software (R2020b; Mathworks). Flow metrics associated with blood stasis and thrombogenicity, such as the volume of stasis defined by the velocity threshold ($\left|\vec{V}\right|$ < 3 cm/s), surface-and-time-averaged wall shear stress (WSS), and endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP), were analyzed and compared among the three LA phantom models. Results: Different spatial distributions, orientations, and magnitudes of LA flow were directly visualized within the three LA phantoms using 4D flow MRI. The time-averaged volume and its ratio to the corresponding entire volume of LA flow stasis were consistently reduced in the correctly occluded model (70.82 mL and 39.0%, respectively), followed by the incorrectly occluded (73.17 mL and 39.0%, respectively) and pre-occlusion (79.11 mL and 39.7%, respectively) models. The surfaceand-time-averaged WSS and ECAP were also lowest in the correctly occluded model (0.048 Pa and 4.004 Pa^-1, respectively), followed by the incorrectly occluded (0.059 Pa and 4.792 Pa^-1, respectively) and pre-occlusion (0.072 Pa and 5.861 Pa^-1, respectively) models. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a correctly occluded LAA leads to the greatest reduction in LA flow stasis and thrombogenicity, presenting a tentative procedural goal to maximize clinical benefits in patients with AF.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-61
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• 2007

Objective : By examining EEG status in Korean Traditional Medicine (KTM) from the viewpoint of 'form-qi theory(形氣論)', We wish to prepare for the fundamentals of applicability of KTM diagnoses to EEG. In addition, through reinterpretation of existing Western Medicine reports from the viewpoint of KTM, We tried to find out interrelationship between them. Method : In this paper, a methodology applicable to KTM diagnoses of EEG is presented from the EEG features in waveform characteristics, personalized diversity, and cognitive activity reflection. Results : Frequency bands are assigned to corresponding one of the eight trigrams in terms of yin/yang balance, which is analogous with EEG spectrum analysis mostly used in EEG quantification. The amplitude ratio of each EEG for each frequency band gives meaningful index numbers which can be used in EEG data interpretation, and every index number is named after the sixty four hexagrams. These approaches are adopted through both '4-band classification system and '6-band classification system', and applied to pre-existing reported EEG data obtained from normal adults. These analyses show that changes and distribution pattern in the index numbers are observed as a whole on both left-right line and front-back line connecting EEG measurement cephalic electrodes. And differences in distribution pattern of three index numbers deduced from '6-band classification system' are discussed according to constitution. Conclusion : The index numbers introduced here, which are the spectral power ratio for each EEG, are based on KTM yin/yang balance. These index numbers vary according to cephalic location, so its application in terms of traditional meridian theory is strongly expected. The index number distribution also shows different patterns according to constitution.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2013

This paper considers the steering characteristics of a four-row tracked vehicle crawling on extremely cohesive soft soil, where each side is composed of two parallel tracks. The four-row tracked vehicle (FRTV) is assumed to be a rigid body with 6-DOF. A dynamic analysis program for the tracked vehicle is developed using the Newmark-${\beta}$ method based on an incremental-iterative scheme. A terra-mechanics model of an extremely cohesive soft soil is implemented in the form of the relationships of the normal pressure to the sinkage, the shear resistance to the shear displacement, and the dynamic sinkage to the shear displacement. In order to investigate the steering characteristics of the four-row tracked vehicle, a series of dynamic simulations is conducted with respect to the distance between the left and right tracks (pitch), steering ratios, driving velocity, reference track velocity, lengths of the tracks, and properties of the cohesive soft soil. Through these numerical simulations, the possibility of using a kinematic steering ratio is explored.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.715-721
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• 2000

Objective : The purpose of this study is about stroke patients in Seosan. Method : The subjects of this study were 45 patients who were admitted to Hanseo University Oriental Hospital because of stroke. Each patients was diagnosed with Brain CT, sasang constitutional analysis. Results : 1. The rates in CVA was 58% on cerebral infarction, and 42% on cerebral hemorrhage. 2. The sites of cerebral infarction were Basal ganglia, MCA, Internal. External capsule. Thalamus, ect. Sites of cerebral hemorrhage were Thalamus, Basal ganglia, Cerebellum. 3. The ratio of left and right hemiplegia in cerebral infarction was 1:1.6, and in cerebral hemorrhage it was 1:2. 4. The most chief complaints in cerebral infarction, were hemiplegia, dysarthria, facial palsy, headache. In cerebral hemorrhage, their were hemiplegia, dysarthria, headache, dizziness, and facial palsy. 5. Classification of human corporal constitution in cerebral hemorrhage, the most was Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin. And in cerebral infarction, the most was Soyangin, Taeumin, Soyumin. 6. The ratio between male and female was 1.25:2 in cerebral hemorrhage, 2.5:5 in cerebral infarction. 7. The most prevalent age groups in cerebral hemorrhage was fifties to sixties. and in cerebral infarction was fifties to sixties. 8. The most common preceding disease in cerebral hemorrhage was HTN, DM. 9. The recurrence rate of cerebral hemorrhage was 16%, and cerebral infarction was 8%. 10. The ratio of recovery in cerebral hemorrhage was 84%, in cerebral infarction 58%. Conclusion : From this study, in cerebral hemorrhage most patients were Taeumin, in their fifties to sixties. And in cerebral infarction most patients were Soyangin, in their sixties to eighties. In both stroke patients, there were more female than male patients.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2001

It is thought that a composition of trousers is related to fabrics with single breadth. Therefore, trousers are designed with pattern using this fabrics with single breadth. However, in the old pattern of trousers, the breadth of 33cm-35cm was not considered in designing patterns. In this context, deciding which pattern design is better is not easy as there are a variety of estimation methods. So in this study, standardization of drafting is pursued by an objective pattern design. For this, a base angle of the trouser closely relating to a form and function was measured and using the height and the base angle, a trouser pattern design was tried. For a measurement of the base angle, 5 subject were selected. They are 25-29 year-old male graduates with fine physical standard. The base angle was measured with symphysis pubis point as a standard when subjects sat with their legs crossed, when they stood with their legs open (not forced artificially) and when they laid down with their legs open. The distance between a knee inside joint and knees was measured three times and the resultant value was used for the pattern design. For a design of trousers, the height was applied and the base angle was fixed. As a pattern drawing, using the height, a base angle and circumference of the hip, a trouser was designed. The production method for the pattern design is as follow: (1) The length formula, is height + $\frac{height}{2}$ (2) The hip girth formula is $\frac{hipgirth}{2}$ - $\frac{hipgirth}{20}$(3) A crotch angle is fixed at $72^{\circ}$. (4) The ratio of outer leg length to leg width is 5 : 8. (5) The component ratio of the upper outer leg length to the pant length is 5 : 8. (6) The ratio of the division point of front right inner leg length and left inner width to upper outer leg length is 5 : 8.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

간담도 스캔은 방사성의약품을 정맥주사 후 간세포에 섭취되어 담즙과 함께 담낭과 담도를 통하여 십이지장으로 배출되는 양상을 경시적으로 검사한다. 따라서 간세포와 담낭의 기능 정도 및 담도계의 폐쇄 여부를 알 수 있고 담즙의 누출 유무, 위치 및 정도를 확인하는데 가장 예민한 검사 방법이다. 하지만 담즙 누출을 확인하기 위한 목적의 간담도 스캔은 누출된 담즙과 장으로 배출된 담즙의 구분이 명확하지 않다. 그래서 본 연구는 간담도 스캔 검사 시 양측와위 자세로 검사를 시행하여 누출된 담즙과 장으로 배출 된 방사능을 분리 구분하여 더욱 명확한 담즙 누출의 진단을 하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 총 31명의 환자 중 남자는 14명, 여자는 17명이고, 평균나이는 $51.1{\pm}14.4$세였다. 정상위 자세에서 1분씩 60분간 경시적 영상을 획득하고, 지연검사는 2시간, 4시간, 24시간 간격의 정상위 자세와 좌우 측와위 자세로 각각 5분 동안 영상을 획득하였다. 단, 측와위 자세의 영상 획득 시 약 5분간 측와위 자세를 유지한 후에 영상을 획득 하였다. 간담도 스캔 시 담즙 누출 환자에서의 양측와위 자세의 유용성을 알아보기 위해 정상위 검사에서 누출이 바로 확인되는 환자의 측와위 자세와 관심영역을 비교하여 누출 여부(크기, 위치, 농도)의 감별 편리성의 양상을 비교하였고, 의심되는 질환이 담즙 누출이지만 경시적 영상에서 누출부위를 확실히 구분할 수 없는 환자의 측와위 자세를 통해 누출부위를 우선적으로 식별할 수 있는 환자가 어느 정도인지를 검사대비 감별확률로 비교하였다. 31명의 담즙 누출 환자 중 23명의 환자는 기능영상 혹은 지연영상에서 담즙 누출을 확인하였고, 8명의 환자는 측와위에서 담즙 누출을 확인 할 수 있었다. 영상에서 해부학적으로 누출 위치를 찾는 것은 정상위가 더욱 용이하였으나, 양측와 위 자세 변동으로 인한 장내 담즙의 이동으로 담즙의 누출이 더욱 확실히 구분되었다. 또한 관심영역과 배후방사능의 섭취계수(Counts/Pixel)를 구하여 관심영역/배후방사능비를 평가결과, 평균은 정상위 5.02, 좌측와위 2.08, 우측와위 2.68이었다. 관심영역의 화소 수를 분석하여 크기를 비교할 경우, 좌측와위는 정상위에 비해 평균 1.91배 컸고, 우측와위는 평균 1.05배 컸다. 결과적으로 31명의 환자 중 38.5% 정도만이 측와위가 의미가 있었지만, 위치 변동으로 인해 장내 담즙의 이동으로 누출의 위치는 더욱 명확한 구분이 가능하였다. 또한 그 38.5%의 환자에서 정상위와 양측와위에서의 관심영역/배후방사능비, 관심영역의 크기를 비교하면 측와위에서 관심영역의 넓이는 좌측와위 19%, 우측와위 5% 넓어지고, 농도는 좌측와위 약 60%, 우측와위 약 50% 옅어졌으며, 이는 복강 내로 관심영역의 담즙누출을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 간담도 검사시 담즙 누출을 의심하는 환자에게 양측와위 자세를 추가하여 검사를 한다면 담즙 누출을 정확하게 진단할 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2016

Objectives : Recently, people who have normal brachial blood pressure(BP) are being threatened by high-risk disease such as stroke. The aim of this study is to suggest that new method to assess systemic circulation. It can be performed by analyzing optimal blood pulse wave on 3 sites belonging to subjects that have normal BP. Methods : We respectively extracted main peaks(h1) of optimal blood pulse wave on left/right temporal artery(LR1=h1), radial artery(LR2=h1) and dorsalis pedis artery(LR3=h1). We obtained h1 from 30 subjects who are discreetly chosen and have normal BP. Main peak(h1) can be extracted by using 3D pulse imaging analyser(DMP-1000+, DAEYOMEDI Co., Korea) that has 5-level pressure method. We analyzed the ratio of [LR1/LR2] and [LR3/LR2]. Results : In the case of male group, the results are [LR1/LR2=0.7100.177] and [LR3/LR2=0.9290.317]. In the case of female group, the results are [LR1/LR2=0.6680.121] and [LR3/LR2=0.7050.195]. Especially, it is statistically verified that the result of ratio [LR3/LR2] is much higher in male group than in female group(p<0.05). Conclusions : We suggested the standard ratio of [LR1/LR2] and [LR3/LR2] for normal subjects, respectively. It can be adopted as a new method to evaluate the systemic circulation.