• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 1983

The study was carried out on 468 cases among total 4,347 cancer cases which was confirmly diagnosed as malignant neoplasms at Yonsei Center Hospital, appended to Yonsei University, during 10 years from January 1, 1971 to December 31, 1980. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Total malignant neoplasm cases treated with radiation were 4,347, 1,685 of whom were males, and 2,662 females(male to female ratio was 1:1.58). 2. Lung cancer were 10.8% of total malignant neoplasm cases(468 cases), 391 cases for the male and 77 cases for the female. So, average the male to female ratio was 8:1 and cases of the male were much more. 3. The age distribution of lung cancer cases was from 27 to 82 years old. The highest age distribution was $50{\sim}59$ for males(37.9%) and $60{\sim}69$ for females(41.6%) ; 77.1% of total lung cancer cases were over 50 years old. 4. In regard to stages, the distribution of the third stage was highest(49.3%). That of the first stage was much higher during the last period(11.8%) than the first period(2.7%), and that of the fourth stage was much lower during the last period (7.8%) than the first period(21.1%). 5. In regard to pathological type, the distribution was 51.3% for squamous cell carcinoma, 29.3% for undifferentiated cell cercinoma, 12.2% for adenocarcinoma, and 7.2% for bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma in order of frequency. In regard to adenocarcinoma, the male to female ratio was 1:3.7 and cases of the female were much more. 6. In regard to tumor location, the distribution of tumor location in the right-left lobe was 59.1% in the right lobe, 33.6% in the left lobe, and 7.3% in the both lobes in order of frequency. And that of tumor location in the upper and lower lobes was all higher in the upper lobe ; especially, that of the right upper lobe was highest(31.2% of total cases). 7. For the main symptom, coughing was highest(64%), 50% for hemoptysis, and 41% for dyspnea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 1977

The Purposes of this study are to determine differences of body temperature between Right arid left subligual areas itself and differences depending upon the utilization rate of mastication according to time intervals and to determine the length of time necessary for temperature taking. This Experiment was conducted from Oct 6 through Oct 11, 1975. in which accurately tested clinical Centigrade Thermometers have been utilized. Two thermometers were inserted simultaneously under the right and left sublingual areas and the mouth kept closed while thermometers were in Place. Temperature readings were dr no at three minutes, five minutes and ten minutes. These procedures were repeated one hundred times to different subjects and the data were analyzed statistically by means of the t-test and the F-ratio. Under the 10 hypotheses designed for this study, The findings obtained are as follows; 1. The body temperatures taken at 3, 5, 10minutes intervals in the left sublingual areas were significantly higher than in the right sublingual areas , The average differences of body temperature between the right and left sublingual areas were 0.09$^{\circ}C$, 0.05$^{\circ}C$ and 0.03$^{\circ}C$ in the oder of time interval of 3, 5, and 10 minutes. 2. The body temperatures taken in the right sublingual areas among three different temperature readings, 3, 5 and 10 minutes were significantly different in 57 subjects who have been utilizing evenly both sides of the Teeth. The average readings in a group taking for 3 minutes was 37.04$^{\circ}C$, for 5 minutes 37.15$^{\circ}C$ and for 10minutes 37.28$^{\circ}C$. 3. The body temperatures taken in the left sublingual areas among three different temperature readings, 3, 5 and 10 minutes were significantly different in 57 subjects who have been utilizing evenly both sides of the tenth. The average reading in a group taking for 3 minutes was 37.13$^{\circ}C$, for 5 minutes 37.2$^{\circ}C$ and for 10 minutes 37.31$^{\circ}C$. 4., Oral temperatures taken at 3, 5, 10 minutes intervals at the side of mouth utilized for more frequent mastication were Significantly higher than the other side. The average differences of body temperature between more frequently utilized side and Less frequently utilized side were 0.08f, 0.08f and 0.09f in the order of time interval of 3, 5 and 10 minutes. 5. Oral temperature taken at the side of mouth more frequently utilized for mastication among three different temperature readings, 3, 5 and 10 minutes were significantly different in 43 subjects who have been unequally utilizing either side of teeth. The average reading in a group taking for 3 minutes was 37.09$^{\circ}C$, for 5 minutes 37.17$^{\circ}C$ and for 10 minutes 37.3$^{\circ}C$. 6. Oral temperature taken at the side of mouth less frequently utilized for mastication among three different temperature readings 3, 5 and 10 minutes were significantly different in 43 subjects who have been unequally utilizing either side of teeth. The average reading in a group taking for 3 minutes was 37.01$^{\circ}C$, for S minutes 37.09$^{\circ}C$ and for minutes 37.21$^{\circ}C$. As a result of this study, these differences among time intervals were statistically significant, but there were not so much differences as to be considered important in the clinical practice. Therefore, there would be clinically little difference between two groups who are taking for 3 minutes and for 10 minutes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 1974

This report based on 300 cases of serious diseases in maxillofacial region by radiograms seen at the department of dental radiodontics, infirmary school of dentistry, Kyung Hee University from October 1971 to August 1974. The maxillofacial diseases were analysed upon the following items, such as 1) the frequency of dominant diseases, 2) sex-ratio of male to female, 3) predominant region of diseases, 4) comparison with the age, 5) the incidence of diseases in relative to the individual teeth. The results were obtained as follows. 1) Among the total of 300 cases of the patients, the frequency of dominant diseases of patients were fractures of facial bone (44.3±2.87%), inflammatory diseases (22.7±2.39%), cysts (11.1±1.62%), tumors (10.7±1.77%), maxillary sinusitis (7.9±1.56%), temporomandibular joint disorders(3.3±1.05%) in the order. 2) The ex-ratio of male to female in occurence of jaw fractures were 7.3:1, temporomandibular joint disorders were 2.1:1, inflammatory diseases were 1.8:1, maxillary sinusitis were 1.7:1, but tumors were equal to 1:1, while cysts were 1:1.2 in sex difference. 3) The predominant region of mandibular fractures were symphysis(17.3±3.27%), canine region (15.0±3.09%), and angle region (14.3:±3.04%) in the order. Inflammatory diseases were occured frequently in mandible and it's left side were a little dominant. Odontogenic cysts were observed frequently in maxilla, but regardless of right and left. Carcinomas were involved most frequently in maxilla, while sarcomas and ameloblastomas in mandible. Frequency of the maxillary sinusitis were dominant right side and molar area, also temporomandibular joint disorders were right side. 4) To study comparison with the age jaw fractures showed the highest ratio at the 2nd decade(32.3±4.06%), and 3rd decade (27.8±3.89%), 4th decade (19.6±3.44%), 6th decade (9.0±2.47%), 5th decade(6.0±2.06%), 1st decade (5.3±1.95%) in the order. But 7th decade were not involved entirely. Frequency of the inflammatory diseases were the highest in the age group of 3rd decade (28.0±5.44%), and those of cysts were 5th decade (24.2±7.22%), temporomandibular joint disorders were 3rd decade (60.0±15.49%). Tumors were occured frequently over the 4th decade especially malignint tumors over the 5th decade, but maxillary sinusitis were rearless of age except for 2nd decade. 5) About the incidence of diseases in relative to individual teeth, fractures of facial bone were most frequently involved the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, and mandibular 3rd molar region. Cysts were maxillary anterior region inflammatory diseases were mandibular molar region maxillary sinusitis were maxillary 1st molar, region but tumors were regardless of individual teeth.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.691-716
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• 2007

The purpose of the present work is to establish a method for predicting the location and depth of a crack in a circular cross section beam by only considering the frequencies of the cracked beam. An accurate knowledge of the material properties is not required. The crack location and size is identified by finding the point of intersection of pulsation ratio contour lines of lower vertical and horizontal modes. This process is presented and numerically validated in the case of a simply supported beam with various crack locations and sizes. If the beam has structural symmetry, the identification of crack location is performed by adding an off-center placed mass to the simply supported beam. In order to avoid worse diagnostic, it was demonstrated that a robust identification of crack size and location is possible if two tests are undertaken by adding the mass at the left and then right end of the simply supported beam. Finally, the pulsation ratio contour lines method is generalized in order to be extended to the case of rectangular cross section beams or more complex structures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1743-1746
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• 2013

Background and Purpose: Cardiac myxoma is a major primary heart tumor which often causes unexpected symptoms or sudden death. This present study was designed to investigate its clinical pathological features and biological behavior. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical pathologic and immunohistochemical features of 66 cases with cardiac myxoma was conducted. Results: In 66 patients with cardiac myxoma, 61 cases had involvement of the left atrium, one case in both the right ventricular and left atria. The female: male ratio was 2.7:1. Patients had symptoms of blood flow obstruction and systemic alterations with performance of arterial embolization. Tumors were spherical, lobulated or irregular in shape, and soft and brittle. Immunohistochemical markers of vimentin and CD34 in tumor cells were positive. Conclusion: Cardiac myxoma always exists in the left atrium and is more common in women, with diverse clinical manifestations and pathomorphism. Although proliferative activity and the recurrence rate are low, in addition to thorough surgical resection, strengthened review is important for young patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-88
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• 1998

This study was performed from March to September 1997 on 95 healthy students to observe the effects of acupuncture at Hap-kok (LI4) according to the meridian and qi-xue(氣血) phenomenon of oriental medicine's theory. Skin temperature on the Hap-kok (LI4) and Chun-Choo (ST25) were measured by D. 1. T. I. (Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging) before acupuncture stimulation and 1min, 10 min after acupuncture stimulation. 1. In healthy students, the left and right mean temperature of LI4 and ST25 was $29.04\;^{\circ}C,\;29.12\;^{\cir}C\;and\;30.29\;^{\circ}C,\;30.22\;^{\circ}C$ respectively. 2. In control group, the time dependent changes for 10 min of LI4 and ST25 were $-0.32\;^{\circ}C,\;-0.36\;^{\circ}C\;and\;-0.5\;^{\circ}C,\;-0.46\;^{\circ}C$ respectively, however, the thermal differences of both sides LI4 and ST25 were not changed for 10 min. 3. In acupuncture stimulation of both sides LI4, the time dependent changes of ST25 were $-0.13\;^{\circ}C,\;-0.06\;^{\circ}C$, and the thermal differences of both sides ST25 were reduced, but not changed significantly. In acupuncture stimulation of right side LI4, the time dependent changes of LI4 were $-0.1\;^{\circ}C,\;-0.32\;^{\circ}C$ respectively, and the thermal differences of both sides LI4 were increased more than control, but not significantly. Also, that of ST25 were changed by $-0.69\;^{\circ}C,\;-0.63\;^{\circ}C$ respectively, but not significantly. 4. In acupuncture stimulation group, it was classified following the thermal differences of both sides LI4 and ST25, and the effects of acupuncture were observed by changes of classification. The acupuncture of both sides LI4 results in temperature of the left side ST25 to be high after acupuncture. The acupuncture of right side LI4 results in increased ratio of the left side higher than right LI4. The above results indicates that D. I. T. I. was a useful method to observe follow-up the effects and changes by acupuncture stimulation on objective evaluation of phenomenon for the meridian system. Thus, acupuncture on LI4 affects to thermal changes of ST25 and LI4, but exact examination of thermal changes on ST25 will have to be.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.312-318
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• 2010

A small reconfigurable patch antenna is proposed to achieve polarization diversity for digital multimedia broadcasting systems at 2.6 GHz. To obtain polarization diversity, a pair of on-slit PIN diodes is inserted in each diagonal of a cross-shaped patch. Thus, four PIN-diodes on these slits are utilized to change the connection of the slits and thus achieve polarization. Bias circuits for the diodes are allocated in the cutting corner of the cross-shaped patch to minimize the antenna size. The antenna produces left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, or linear polarization, depending on the PIN-diode status. Analysis of circular polarization operation is explicated. Measurements show a gain of about 1.5 dB, a cross polarization of about -20 dB, and an axial ratio of about 2.5 dB.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1403-1409
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop the systematic process on the discrimination of Sasang constitution with the pulse diagnosis apparatus. The pulse waves were acquired at the right and the left Guan point with 1420 people who were apparently healthy. In order to minimize the effect of aging on the shape of pulse wave, the age groups of 30s, 40s, and 50s were used. Taeum group was the best to classify, Soyang group was the worst. With the same group size, the sensitivity of Soyang group was increased. Input variables were selected with the consideration of the floating-sink ratio, tests of equality of group means, multiple comparison, multicollinearity, and structure matrix. To increase the sensitivity of Soyang, the variables which could tell the difference between Soyang and Soeum were selected.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

In this study, a seismic reinforcement system was developed considering the rocking behavior of walls. The rocking behavior is to rotate left and right around the vertical axis of the wall, and the development system is a method of dissipating energy by installing a damper to a large displacement part. Developed steel rod damper was used, and steel rod diameter and length(aspect ratio) were selected as variables. As a result of the experiment, it was evaluated to have excellent seismic performance when the damper length was 260mm.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1374-1381
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the differences of physiological variables by age group in alcohol-consuming men. The thirty year old-age group had the lowest waist-hip ratio (WHR), right and left cardio-ankle vascular index (R-CAVI and L-CAVI), right and left ankle-brachial index (R-ABI and L-ABI), amylase, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and the highest body weight (BW), interleukin-6 (IL-6), right and left intraocular pressure (R-IP and L-IP), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte, red blood cells distribution width (RDW), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and ferritin levels. The forty year old-age group was the highest in hs CRp and CPK levels, but the lowest in ferritin level. The fifty year old-age group possessed the highest WHR, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), R- and L-ABI, eosinophil, and amylase levels. The sixty year old-age group had the highest R- and L-CAVI, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), ALP, $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase ($\gamma$-GTP), rheumatoid factor (RF), $\alpha$-fetoprotein (AFP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and the lowest BW, DBP, R-IP, L-IP, Hct, Hb, leukocyte, platelet, RDW, eosinophil, monocyte, ALT, amylase, TG, and CPK levels. These findings indicate that there may be differences of physiological variables depending on age group in alcohol-consuming men. Further studies should be focused on the physiological differences between alcohol-consuming men and women.