• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2003

Purpose: We evaluate the clinical, radiologic and pathologic features of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS) in the foot Materials and Methods: Twelve cases of GCTTS excised from foot region, at our hospital from 1999 to 2002, were analyzed. The mean duration of follow up was 19 months. The age and sex of the patient, location and size of the lesion, symptom as well as radiologic findings were evaluated. Results: The most common symptom was painless mass in 7 patients. Three patients had pain sympton and 2 patients had tenderness. The mean duration from identification of the mass to excision was 14 months. Seven cases were located in the forefoot, most commonly in the big toe with 4 cases, 2 cases in the midfoot and 3 cases in the hindfoot. The average diameter along the long axis was 2.8cm. Conclusion: GCTTS in the foot was more common in the big toe and also plantar side same as in the hand. But bony erosion and pain were more frequent than in the hand.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.83-92
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• 2011

The properties and changes of geomorphic relief and coastal deposits were analyzed at Goreabul sand beach in Yeongdeok-gun, the largest that in east coast of Kyungsangbuk-do Province. As the result of grain size analysis, in almost season except summer, the sands mainly deposited in Goraebul sand beach because longshore current drift northward contrary to Gangwon-do east coast, and summer longshore current is weak or change direction to south ward. Sand beach mostly came form erosion owing to typoon and storm and was deposit more coarse sand in the summer, and was produced deposition actively in the fall and winter. Front side of sand dune came from deposition on sand every season by sea breeze, especially in the winter.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.122-134
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• 2020

On the many coasts of South Korea, including the eastern side, it has been recently increasing the coastal disaster such as the severe coastal erosion and road damage swept away by the wave. As one of the alternatives to prevent the coastal disaster, it has been widely studied the coastal disaster reduction method by the Low-Crested Structure (LCS) in the many countries including several European countries. In this study, the olaFLow model is used to simulate the permeable LCS and wave field of the LCS through the three-dimensional irregular waves numerical analysis on the basis of the previous research. From the numerical analysis, it is evaluated the H_rms, nearshore current and time-averaged turbulent kinetic energy. In addition, the pattern of nearshore current and spatial distribution of time-averaged turbulent kinetic energy are compared with the case of submerged breakwater under the irregular wave fields. As one of significant results, it is confirmed that the pattern of nearshore current is different with the case of submerged breakwater.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.91-105
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• 2021

We conducted a study to identify the relationships between the investigated factors and provide a methodology and generate data by applying deterioration classes to the Seonjaryeong Forest Trail (4.3 km) in the Baekdudaegan Ridge. The average trail width (1.7 m) and bare width (1.4 m) were wider than those obtained in the previous studies. The frequency of trail deterioration was also high. Specific data on deterioration classes were obtained and evaluated using qualitative criteria. Specific data for heavy class stands at 20.1% in trail grade, 13.3 cm on average, and 16.1 cm in the center of erosion depth, 16.2 cm of CSA, 12.3 kg/cm (20.1 mm) on average and maximum 39.3 kg/cm (29.6 mm) of soil hardness. We observed a positive correlation between the deterioration class and trail grade, and the average and maximum soil erosion depths of the hill side were deeper than those of the ridge. The soil hardness data showed a statistically significant difference in terms of the transect site and calculation method (㎏/㎠, mm). Therefore, trail deterioration was observed at the sites having ≥20% trail grade; thus, continuous monitoring at fixed sites over time will be required for sustainability. Furthermore, the trail grade should be of the utmost priority in trail design and management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.446-452
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• 2021

As a higher standard for food consumption is required, the consumption of chicken meat that can satisfy the subdivided food preferences is increasing. In March 2003, the quality criteria for chicken carcasses notified by the Livestock Quality Assessment Service suggested quality grades according to fecal contamination and the size and weight of blood and bruises. On the other hand, it is too difficult for human inspection to qualify mass products, which is key to maintaining consistency for grading thousands of chicken carcasses. This paper proposed the computer vision algorithm as a non-destructive inspection, which can identify chicken carcass parts according to the detailed standards. To inspect the chicken carcasses conveyed at high speed, the image calibration was involved in providing robustness to the side effect of external lighting interference. The separation between chicken and background was achieved by a series of image processing, such as binarization based on Expectation Maximization, Erosion, and Labeling. In terms of shape analysis of chicken carcasses, the features are presented to reveal geometric information. After applying the algorithm to 78 chicken carcass samples, the algorithm was effective in segmenting chicken carcass against a background and analyzing its geometric features.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2005

Soil erosion at Jawoon-Ri in Hongcheon highland is one of serious problems since saprolite piling on farmland has been typically practiced at 2-3 year's intervals. The objective of the case study was to survey management practices such as tillage, application of saprolite, and cultivating crops and to propose best management practices (BMP) to reduce soil loss in Jawoon-Ri, Hongcheon-Gun. Jawoon-Ri is located in the upper stream of Naerinchun. Upland areas of Jawoon 2 and 4Ri were 206.9 and 142.3 hectare, respectively. Estimation of soil loss in this study was based on USLE (Universal soil loss equation). Annual averaged soil losses were 15.6 MT per hectare in Jawoon-2Ri and 9.0 MT per hectare in Jawoon-4Ri, respectively. This case study tried to find methods to reduce soil erosion below tolerant soil loss level which is $11MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Estimated soil losses in more than 40% of uplands in Jawoon-2Ri and 4Ri were higher than tolerant soil loss level. Especially, edge of uplands undergone excessive soil erosion by concentrated runoff water. Therefore consolidation of upland edge was included as one of the proposed Best management practices BMP). The proposed BMP in this area were buffer strips, contour and mulching, diversion drain channel, grassed water-way, detour watet-way and cover crops and so on. Amounts for BMP requirements were 7,680 m for buffer strips, 123 ha (35%) for contour and mulching, 201 ha (57%) for diversion drain channel, 13,880 m for grassed water-way, 3,860 m for detour drainage, 8,365 m for sloping side consolidation and 3,492 ha for cover crops, respectively. Application of BMP are urgently needed in uplands which is direct conjunction with stream.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.244-251
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• 2005

Hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach moves up into the chest through a small opening in the diaphragm. It causes various symptoms(heart bum, chest pain, dysphagia, vomiting etc.) when it is associated with a condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD). In this occasion, complications included bleeding because of the erosion, ulceration and inflammation of the mucosa. For treatment, there are $H_2$ blockers and proton pump inhibitors, but they have many side effects. In Oriental Medicine effectively treated cases are rare. Therefore, it is essential to seek radical agents and effective treatments for these disorders. In this case report, these disorders are approached by focusing on the deficit of 'yin(陰)'especially 'pi-yin(脾陰)'. Desired results were seen with herbal medications which enhance the 'yin(陰)', especially through 'wuyin-jian(五陰煎)' which enhances the 'pi-yin(脾陰)'. This is reported to contribute to development of future treatments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

In order to investigate current characteristics at the Gungpyung beach, which is a macrotidal flat, field measurements were carried out in the summer and winter at the intertidal and the subtidal zones. The distribution of residual current at intertidal flat was dominant in the northward direction in the summer and dominant in the northward and southwestern directions in the winter. The direction and speed of the residual current in the winter are highly correlated with the significant wave height, and the turbidity is also highly correlated with the significant wave height. Therefore, in the winter, high sediment rates are suspended by high waves, and sediments are transporting due to the residual current in the southwest direction. On the other hand, it is expected that the northward residual current is predominant due to the small wave in the summer, and sediment transport does not occur largely due to less suspended sediments. In addition, sediment transport in the southern direction is blocked by the dock, which is the artificial structure, and the erosion occurs in the south side of the dock. The erosion pattern in the macrotidal zone of Yellow sea is dominated by seasonal waves, and blocking of sediments by artificial structure is very important.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.247-258
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• 2002

This study aimed at verifying the grain-sized distribution of surface deposits in a tidal flat using multi-spectral Landsat TM. In this study, we employed the grain-sized analysis, PCA and unsupervised classification techniques for analyzing the distribution of deposits. As a result in this study, the unsupervised classification method using PCA image was found to be most useful in classifying tidal flat deposits using satellite data. This method is considerably effective in analyzing not only the aspects of distribution in terms of accumulated deposits and erosion, but also the changes in seaside topography and shoreline. The grain-sized distribution analysis indicates that the mud flat inside the Cheonsu-bay tidal flat is distributed, the mixed flat located in the middle, and the sand flat distributed near the sea. The sand flat is dominant around the southern part of Seomot isle and its beach. On the other hand, the mud and mixed flat is dominant on the western part. Likewise, the western coast of Seomot isle and its beach is significantly affected by waves facing the offshore. However, the eastern side of the bay could be a site for the evolution of tidal flat made of fine materials where it is less affected by ocean waves. These results show that multi-spectral satellite data are effective for the classification of distribution materials and environmental impact assessment and continuous monitoring. In particular, the research on environmental deposits can provide important decision-supporting information for decision-making on seaside development, by analyzing the progress of deposits and environmental changes.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.130-140
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• 2017

Typically, a submerged breakwater is one of the good scene-friendly coastal structures used to reduce wave energy and coastal erosion. However, sometimes, a submerged breakwater also has a negative aspect in that a strong rip current occurring around an open inlet due to a difference in mean water levels on the front and rear sides of the structure leads to scouring. Such scouring has a bad effect on its stability. In order to eliminate this kind of demerit, this study investigated four new types of submerged breakwaters with drainage channels. First, hydraulic experiments were performed the typical and new structures. Then, the wave height and mean water level distributions around the structures were examined using the experimental results. Finally, it was revealed that the new type of submerged breakwater could efficiently reduce the mean water level on its rear side. In particular, in the case of new-type submerged breakwater 2, an average reduction efficiency of 71.2% for the difference between the mean water levels at the front and rear sides was shown in comparison with the typical one.