• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.722-729
• /
• 1997

The study was undertaken to extend the shelf life of filleted and salted fishes such as mackerel and jacopever. These filleted and salted fishes were dehydrated by dewatering sheet containing sodium polyacrylate resin at $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, wrapped with low density polyethylene film, and then stored at $-18{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. During the frozen storage, the change of brown pigment formation, peroxide value, carbonyl value, drip formation content in the cold-osmotic dehydrated fishes after salt dipping were much lower than those of non-dehydrated ones. Moreover, the proteins and Ca-ATPase in the cold-osmotic dehydrated fishes after salt dipping were more stable than those of non-dehydrated ones during frozen storage. It was supposed that the cold-osmotic dehydration pretreatment processing for filleted and salted fishes was useful in improvement of the frozen storage stability.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.58-62
• /
• 1999

This study was to determine aromatic constituents and essential oil content in the root of Codonopsis lanceolata grown at different altitudes; Andong(150m), Mt. Hagka(550m) and Mt. Irwol(750m). Soil pH in Mt. Hagka and Mt. Irwol was 5.6 and 6.1, respectively, which was lower than in Andong(150m), but organic matter content was higher than that of Andong with 6.7 to 8.8%. Fresh root yield also increased as cultural region was located at higher altitude. In particular, yield in Mt. Irwol was 281kg/10a. Essential oil content was highest of 0.006% in the Mt. Irwo1. Forty-eight volatile aromatic compounds in the root of Codonopsis lanceolata were identified by GC/MS. Major aromatic compounds were 1-hexanol, cis-3-hexano1. and Trans-2-hexanol. In partucular, Trans-2-hexanol, was highest in Mt. Irwol attaining the 47.22% area. As a result, it was considered that cultural region above 700m in altitude was the most effective for the improvement of essential oil and aromatic constituents in the roots of Condonopsis lanceolata Trautv.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.166-172
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study evaluated the clinical and radiological results after reinforcement of the weakened medial joint capsule using Internal Brace (Arthrex) for treating severe hallux valgus. Materials and Methods: This study reviewed 56 cases of 50 patients that were followed-up postoperatively for at least 12 months, from September 2017 until August 2018. An extended distal chevron osteotomy combined with a distal soft-tissue release was performed by a single surgeon to treat severe hallux valgus. Internal Brace was applied in 12 cases (group A) who had weakened medial joint capsules, and capsulorrhaphy was performed in 44 cases (group B), and these two groups were compared postoperatively for the clinical and radiological results. The postoperative complications were also investigated. Results: No significant differences at 1-year follow-up on the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire and the patients' satisfaction scores were found between the two groups (p=0.905 and p=0.668, respectively). For the radiology, the changes of the values between before surgery and at 1-year follow-up according to the group showed no significant differences in the hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, and the hallux interphalangeal angle (p=0.986, p=0.516, p=0.754, respectively). Recurrence of hallux valgus was reported in two cases in group A, and in three cases in group B. Transfer metatarsalgia occurred in 4 cases in group B. Conclusion: Based on these results, we recommend the capsule reinforcing technique using Internal Brace as a successful operative option for treating a weakened medial capsule in patients with severe hallux valgus.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.32 no.11
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2016

In this study, recycled aggregates crushed from waste concrete were sorted into three groups, 10-13 mm, 13-20 mm, and 20-25 mm. They were treated in different ways and then their crushability was evaluated for each treatment. Coffee waste was used for reducing their pH level. The pH of recycled aggregate was almost 11, regardless of aggregate sizes. The pH of coffee waste was nearly 5 and 10, 30, or 50 g of coffee waste was mixed with 1000 ml of distilled water and recycled aggregates. The lowest pH was about 6.2 when 50 g of coffee waste was mixed. Aggregates were treated with microwave or soaked for 1 day in vinegar (pH = 2) for neutralization reaction. Microwave treated and neutralized aggregates showed 3.3% and 6.2% higher crushing values compared to non-treated one, respectively. Neutralized treatment was more effective for crushing. In crushing tests, a sample height of 120 mm was tried, which gave 6.3% higher crushing value. A four stepped loading with each 100 kN gave 7.1% higher crushing value, compared to standard 100 mm height and 400 kN continuous loading.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 1990

An effect of the spin-orbit coupling interaction of ligand orbitals and the intermixing │3d 〉and│4p > transition metal atomic orbitals on the ground state for a 3$d^9$ system in a strong crystal field of tetragonally distorted tetrahedral symmetry that belongs to the $D_{2d}$ point group has been investigated in this work, applying the degenerate perturbation theory. An LCAO-MO analysis in terms of the known energies of the d-d transitions for the tetragonally distorted $CuCl_4^{2-}$ ion in a single crystal of$Cs_2CuCl_4$shows that the covalent mixing of Cu 3d and ligand Cl 3p orbitals decreases dramatically with increasing Cu 4p contribution. The extent of effect on the energy level splitting for the ground state by the spin-orbit coupling interaction of ligand orbitals decreases significantly in orderTEX>$\Gamma_7(E)\;\to\;\Gamma_6(E)\; >\;\Gamma_7(B_2)\;\to\;\Gamma_6(E)\; >\;\Gamma_7(B_2)\;\to\;\Gamma_7(E)$.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.367-372
• /
• 2015

This study was aimed at determining the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of solvent extracts from Asparagus cochinchinensis. The Asparagus cochinchinensis was extracted with water, methanol, ethanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ether. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was determined by modified well diffusion methods against 4 species of respiratory disease bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). In addition, the amount of total polyphenol and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. Ethyl acetate extract of A. cochinchinensis exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms than water, methanol, ethanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ether extracts. For antioxidant activity, the ethyl acetate extract of A. cochinchinensis exhibited a notable effect on the scavenging of superoxide against DPPH ($IC_{50}=3.81mg/ml$). Finally, the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were $14{\pm}0.7mg/g$, and $0.50{\pm}0.13mg/g$, respectively. These results can be regarded as basic research into A. cochinchinensis for the prevention of respiratory diseases. The results indicate that A. cochinchinensis may be utilized as a nutraceutical for respiratory diseases when the physiologically active substances of A. cochinchinensis are increased by further study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the problems of reclamation sites and the prospects of farming in reclamation areas seen by local governments and the KRC branches in Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Jeonnam provinces. A mail survey method was used. The survey items were set for 15 items regarding the reclamation site situation, problems, and prospects. Seventy-five copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the local government, and 90 copies were sent to the KRC 165 copies in total. In response to the questionnaire, 72 recipients of the local governments responded, showing a 96% response rate, and 74 (82.2%) of the KRC responded. The overall response rate was 88.5%. The opinions on the rental method of the reclaimed land were found to differ according to the geographic conditions of the reclaimed land, the construction conditions, and the time. Regarding the survey on crops preferred for cultivation, rice was highest in both local governments (61%) and KRC (46%). When cultivating field crops in reclaimed land, 56% of local governments and 57% of KRC considered salinity as the most problematic or resolvable problem. Regarding growing other field crops in reclaimed land, salt and drainage problems were recognized as the biggest obstacles in all reclaimed land. As for technologies that need to be applied first for the future agriculture of reclamation land, KRC responded with automatic water management (48%) and local governments responded with unmanned agricultural machinery (32%). In order to diversify the land use in the reclamation area, it is necessary to reduce salt damage and ensure systematic maintenance, employing, for example, automatic water management facilities and drainage improvement methods. The results of this study can set a land use direction for reclamation sites and provide useful information for use in various forms.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.129-133
• /
• 2006

A bacterial disease of small red bean (Phaseolus angularis) was observed on field-grown plants in Suwon in year 2003. Leaf symptoms initially appeared as water-soaked spots that gradually enlarged, became flaccid and necrotic and were often bordered by a small zone of lemon yellow tissue. In the case of severe infection, dead leaves were defoliated. Pod symptoms consisted of the lesions that were generally circular, slightly sunken and dark reddish brown. Isolation made from diseased leaves on yeast extract dextrose calcium carbonate agar yielded nearly pure cultures of a yellow-pigmented bacterium typical of a xanthomonad. Three bacterial strains were purified and used for further tests. Pathogenicity of strains was confirmed on 3-week-old small red bean plants sprayed with bacterial suspensions containing $10^8 cfu/ml$ of phosphate buffered saline. The representative Xanthomonas strains isolated from small red bean were compared with X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli and X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans type strains for fatty acid profiles, biochemical tests and metabolic fingerprints using Biolog GN2 microplate, showing that all outcomes were indistinguishable between our isolates and reference strains. Two of three strains produced a melanin-like brown pigment extracellularly on King's medium B agar. These results suggest that this new small red bean disease observed in Suwon is bacterial fuscous blight caused by X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli and X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.116-133
• /
• 2001

Antifibrotic drugs could be delayed or inhibited massive collagen deposition in liver tissue or inhibited collagen synthesis. we investigated antifibrotic effects by several herbs(Schisnadra chinensis, Ganoderma japonicum, Sedum sarmentosum, Alisma canaliculatum, Plantago asiatica) extract with observations of collagen accumulation in liver tissue and collagen synthesis in sera. Rats were used for experimental animal that were devided 3 groups(sham control, BDL/S, BDL/S-ER). Rats were operated for inducing liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) by bile duct obstruction. Several herbs were prepared by water extraction and were applicated p. o. $3ml/day$ during 4 weeks. After observation period, rats were sacrificed and liver tissue and sera were collected. In result, the mortality of rats was 35% in BDL/S group and 20% in BDL/S-ER The color of bile juice in BDL/S-ER was bright yellow and murky yellow in BDL/S group. The significantly lower weight of liver($16.21g{\pm}5.3,\;20.58{\pm}2.4$) and spleen($1.96g{\pm}0.96,\;3.93{\pm}0.21$) were shown in BDL/S-ER than that of BDL/S(p<0.05) group. The value of collagen in liver tissue(25.7%) in BDL/S-ER was observed significantly lower than that of BDL/S group (Tab. 2). AST. ALT, ALP, t-bilirubin, BUN levels were low in BDL/S-ER as compared with those of BDL/S group, but the significance was not proven. The trichrome stained liver tissue in BDL/S-ER group was observed mild bile duct proliferation and fibrosis compared with BDL/S group. In conclusion, natural products inhibited new collagen synthesis and delayed massive collagen deposition in liver tissue, so that they have noticeable antifibrotic effects in experimental liver fibrosis(cirrhosis).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.710-714
• /
• 1998

Organic electroluminescence devices (ELD) with hetero-junction structure were fabricated utilizing poly(p-phenylne vinylene) (PPV) as emitting layer and electron transport layer (ETL). 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) was used as an electron transport agent. Copolymers with stilbene type comonomers, such as poly(styrene-co-PVTS), poly(styrene-co-MeO-PVTS) and poly(styrene-co-MeO-ST) were synthesized to be used as a matrix polymer to disperse electron transport agent (PBD). Among the hetero-junction EL devices fabricated with the above materials, the device with poly(styrene-co-PVTS) as matrix polymer for ETL gave the highest luminance ($120.7cd/m^2$, 13 V). EL devices made with poly(styrene-co-MeO-PVTS) or poly(styrene-co-MeO-ST) matrix exhibited lower luminance than the one with polystyrene matrix and the single layer EL (ITO/PPV/Mg) device.