• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.114-117
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• 2016

It is recognized that the global apparel market of the twenty-first century is largely profit driven, and that the majority of producers and retailers have sourced products from the lowest cost locations. Purchase tickets of fashion goods available from 'fast' fashion retailers (at least within the UK) refrain from providing the consumer with details of the full circumstances of production. It seems that the majority of major retailers and producers are not willing to engage in levels of self-regulation which could ensure that the products offered to consumers are ethically produced and offer acceptable levels of sustainability. Meanwhile many fashion consumers have the desire to purchase sustainable products, produced ethically by workers paid fair wages in safe working environments. Consumer demand could be a powerful tool to adjust the behaviour of manufacturers and buyers. This paper proposes the introduction of international legislation demanding greater degrees of transparency than exist currently and that the full sourcing and production details of fashion products are stated clearly on the product's purchase ticket within its retail setting. With the introduction of such legislation, consumers could thus be given the opportunity of purchasing goods which they feel accommodate their own views on ethical manufacture and sustainable products. In turn, consumer pressure could ensure indirectly that retail buyers consider all ethical and sustainable aspects of production when negotiating with garment producers/suppliers. Further to this, such a negotiating stance could ensure the improvement of the terms and conditions of employment of the numerous garment workers worldwide.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.209-224
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• 2015

Previous studies provided that limiting the number of services provided in hospital had influences in decreasing cost in delivering medical services. Hospitals could have positive effects on their profit by concentrating small number of services which they have comparative advantages. This study purposed to analyze the relationship between the concentration status of hospitals and medical charge for inpatients. National Inpatient sample data provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) for three years, 2009 to 2011 was used to compute the three concentration indices (Information Theory Index (ITI), Internal Herfindahl Index (IHI), and number of distinct Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) treated) and total medical charge per inpatient case in each year. It was also used to select the control variables such as bed size, number of doctors per 100 beds, and locations. The ordinary least square regression models were developed and tested for hospital and general hospitals separately. The results showed that the total medical charge per inpatient case was significantly differed depending on the concentration indices, and there were positive relationships in ITI and IHI. The number of distinct DRGs had different directions in regression coefficients depending on the locations and hospital types. Hospitals had larger absolute standardized regression coefficients compare to those of general hospitals. However, their effects could be varied by the hospital types, number of doctors, and locations. It seems that hospitals have more influences on medical charges by concentrating their services than general hospitals. Study results provide knowledges to hospital administrators that concentration strategy can positive influences on the performance of small size hospitals.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.232.1-232.1
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• 2014

The green displays are the human friendly displays, the nature friendly displays, and the economical displays. Electrochromic displays are low cost and environmental devices because they do have more choice of colours and use much less power. The elements of the electrochromic devices consist of at least two conductors, an electrochromic material and an electrolyte. The optical properties were obtained using the optical contrast between the transparency of the substrate and the coloured state of the electrochromic materials. These devices can be fully flexible and printable. Due to the characteristics of the high coloration efficiency and memory effects, the electrochromic devices have been used in various applications such as information displays, smart windows, light shutters and electronic papers. Among these technical fields switchable mirrors have been received much attention in the applicative point of view of various electronic devices production. We have developed a novel silver (Ag) deposition-based electrochromic device for the reversible electrodeposition (RED) system. The electrochromic device can switch between transparent states and mirror states in response to a change in the applied voltage. The dynamic range of transmittance percent (%) for the fabricated device is about 90% at 550 nm wavelength. Also, we successfully fabricated the large area RED display system using the parted electrochromic cells of the honey comb structure.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.211-226
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• 2016

Most of the SNS users argue that they feel techno-stress or digital fatigue when they use SNS. As the relationships in the SNS expand, users may feel work overload, digital fatigue, and techno-stress which are caused by the time and effort for the retaining the existing relationships established via SNS. The SNS activities require users' time and effort to update their profiles and the current news of them, responding to online friends' contents. Thus, more relationships they have, more stress they can feel. This study tries to examine the key factors that can affect subjective well-being of individuals in Social Network Service (SNS) usage. Therefore, this study, based on the previous literature, investigates what the sources of SNS stress are and how SNS stress and flow affect subjective well-being of SNS users. Major findings of this study from an empirical analysis with 201 SNS user respondents who have accessed SNS at least one time within one month are as follows. First, perceived opportunity cost and reputation recognition in SNS usage were found to have significant effects on negative emotion. Second, individual's flow in SNS was significantly affected by challenges and interactions, and had a significant impact on positive emotion. However, SNS users' flow did not show a positive relationship with their satisfaction of life. This study contributes to the expansion of theoretical discussion about the effect of individual's SNS usage on quality of life in validating whether SNS usage can bring individuals subjective well-being. Implications of the study findings and future research directions are also discussed.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권6A호
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• pp.676-684
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• 2008

유럽형 지상파 디지털 방송 표준인 DVB-T 시스템에서는 OFDM방식을 사용하여 신호를 전송하며, 주파수 선택적 페이딩 환경과 충격 잡음 채널에서도 향상된 성능을 제공 할 수 있다. 그러나 이동성이 가정된 시변 채널에서는 도플러 확산의 영향 때문에 한 OFDM 심볼 안에 존재하는 부반송파 사이의 직교성의 파괴, 즉 inter-carrier interference(ICI)가 발생하여 심각한 성능 열화가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 시간 및 주파수 축에서 채널의 특성과 ICI를 분석하고, OFDM시스템에서 구현이 간단한 LS 알고리즘과 이를 이용한 잡음 및 ICI 감쇄 기법을 사용한 LS 방식을 단말기의 속도에 따라 선택하여 사용하는 적응형 채널 추정 방식을 제안한다. 단말기의 속도를 추정하는 방법을 제안하여 COST207의 TU6 채널 모델을 적용한 시뮬레이션을 통하여 그 동작을 확인하였다. 또한 속도 추정을 위한 연산을 최소화한 알고리즘을 제안하여 하드웨어의 증가를 무시할 정도로 줄였다. 제안된 적응형 채널 추정 알고리즘은 속도가 약 70 km/h 이하인 경우에 잡음 및 ICI 감쇄기법을 위한 하드웨어를 동작시키지 않음으로서 전력의 소모가 현저하게 줄어든다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제6권12호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2017

상호배제는 원래 다중처리기 시스템을 지원하는 운영체제의 경쟁상황 예방 이론에서 출발하였으나, 최근에는 다중코어처리기의 일반화로 그 적용범위가 급격하게 병렬처리 어플리케이션 영역으로 이동되었다. POSIX 스레드, WIN32 스레드, Java 스레드 등이 대표적인 병렬 처리 어플리케이션 개발환경인데, 이들은 각자 고유한 상호배제 메커니즘을 제공하고 있다. 이들 환경에서 성능에 매우 민감한 어플리케이션들은 코딩의 불편함 등 약간의 희생을 감수하더라도 상호배제를 위한 부담 경감을 필요로 할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 두 스레드 사이에서 Dekker와 Peterson 알고리즘을 플랫폼별로 바쁜 대기와 처리기 양보 형태로 구현하여 각각의 고유 상호배제 메커니즘들과의 성능을 비교하고, 그 알고리즘들의 유용성을 평가한다. 분석 결과 POSIX 및 WIN32 스레드 환경에서 처리기 양보 형 Dekker 알고리즘이 최소 2배에서 최대 70배까지 우수한 것으로 나타나 이 알고리즘의 실용성이 충분한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

노르웨이에는 최근 20여년간 전세계 해지터널의 반이상인 약 30개의 해저터널이 건설되었다. 이중 17개의 해저터널의 최소심도는 56 m이며 암반두께는 $23{\sim}49m$였다. 최근 수년간 해저터널을 건설하면서 매우 복잡하고 어려운 지반을 경험하면서 터널의 안정성과 누수 등을 결정하는 핵심요소들에 대해 좀 더 명확한 이해가 요구되고 있다. 해저터널은 육상터널과는 여러 가지 면에서 커다란 차이가 있는 데 특히 사업대상지역이 물로 덮혀있어 특별한 조사방법이 적용되어야 하며 조사결과에 대한 해석에서는 육상터널의 경우에서보다 더 많은 불확실성이 있다는 점이다. 해수의 유입가능성이 많은데 지형에 따라서는 펌프를 이용하여 터널밖으로 퍼내야하며 유입된 해수는 염분을 함유하고 있어 터널장비 및 지보재에 부식 등 심각한 영향을 준다. 노르웨이의 해저터널자료 분석을 통하여 수심, 최소 암반두께, 누수 등 국내 해저터널 설계시 고려해야 할 설계요소들을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2012

To protect aquatic animal health of importing countries from the potential risks associated with exotic diseases introduced through international trade of live aquatic animals, inspection of designated commodities at ports of entry is a critical component of the safeguarding system. The only way to be 100% confident that no fishes in a shipment are infected with a specific agent is to test every fish in the commodity imported with a perfect diagnostic test. For the majority of cases, this is unrealistic since the group of interest may very large particularly for aquatic animals, or imperfect tests are often available. It is, therefore, more common to test a fixed proportion of a group by preplanned sampling schemes. However, decision making based on results of testing the sample can provide quite a chance that infected groups may be misclassified as uninfected, depending on sampling strategy employed. The objective of this study was to determine the possibility that one or more fishes in the group imported being infected but tests negative after inspecting samples. This question is critical to government authorities to examine whether sampling plan is sufficient to achieve the purpose intended for. At fixed population size, the maximum number of infected fishes when all tests negative was decreased as the sampling fraction increased. The probability of including at least one undetected but infected fish in a group for negative tests increased with the number of fish tested or true prevalence. The risk was much lesser where high sensitivity test was assumed; when increasing test sensitivity from 0.9 to 0.99, this risk was dramatically reduced to about a tenth or a fourth for prevalence ranges from 2 to 10%, given sample size ranges from 10 to 200. Based on the preliminary analysis, the author concluded that current sampling plan testing 4-8% of the import proposal for human consumption still can yield high false negative results. Therefore, from the quarantine inspection point of view, an enforced commodity-specific sampling design that accounts for the cost of testing with an imperfect test at the specified design prevalence is urgent.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.120-130
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 니켈의 가공시 나타나는 공구의 마멸에 대한 정량화 및 절삭변 수와의 연관성에 대한 연구는 그 자체가 마멸에 대한 데이터 베이스 측면에서 중요하 고, 이러한 접근방법으로는 연구가 거의 이루어지지 않았다는 측면에서도 큰 의미를 갖는다. 본 연구는 특히 경도가 큰 공구인 CBN, 소결 다이아몬드(poly crystal dia- mond 이하 PCD), 단결정 다이아몬드(single crystal diamond 이하 SCD)공구를 사용하 여 니켈의 절삭에서 나타나는 공구의 마멸에 대한 분석을 선행한 후 수집한 정보로부 터 절삭속도, 이송, 절삭깊이 및 공구의 nose반경이 공구의 마멸 및 표면의 성상(su- rface quality)에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰하였고 절삭조건의 변화에 따라 마멸에 대한 예상 곡선을 구하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2014

염기 처리에 의한 간단한 방법으로 합성된 $MnO_2$ (B-$MnO_2$)는 불균일 촉매시스템으로 호기성 조건에서 효과적인 아민 산화반응을 보여주었다. 이 B-$MnO_2$ 촉매는 다양한 종류의 방향족, 이원자 화합물, 비활성 지방족 등의 아민의 전환에 높은 활성과 선택성을 보여주었다. 이러한 산화반응은 온화한 온도($50^{\circ}C$)와 대기압의 공기 조건하에서 아민을 중간체인 이민으로 전환하고 자가 축합(self-condensation) 또는 산화적 탈수소화(oxidative dehydrogenation)을 통해 다이이민(diimine) 또는 나이트릴(nitrile)을 생성하였다. 사용된 촉매는 여과로 쉽게 분리할 수 있었고 5번 이상의 재사용 실험에서도 일정이상의 높은 수율을 보여주었다. 따라서 B-$MnO_2$는 아민 산화반응을 통해 이민과 나이트릴을 얻음에 있어 경제적으로나 환경친환적으로 효과적인 면을 보여 줌으로써, 그린화학(green chemistry)의 목적에 적합하다.