• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2012

Purpose : This study is intended to examine the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive function in the focal ischemic stroke rat model. Methods : This study selected 30 Sprague-Dawley rats of 8 weeks. The groups were divided into two groups and assigned 15 rats to each group. Control group: Non-treatment after injured by focal ischemic stroke; Experimental group: application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(0.1 Tesla, 25 Hz, 20 min/time, 2 times/day, 5 days/2 week) after injured by focal ischemic stroke. To assess the effect of rTMS, the passive avoidance test, spatial learning and memory ability test were analyzed at the pre, 1 day, $7^{th}$ day, $14^{th}$ day and immunohistochemistric response of BDNF were analyzed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus at $7^{th}$ day, $14^{th}$ day. Results : In passive avoidance test, the outcome of experimental group was different significantly than the control group at the $7^{th}$ day, $14^{th}$ day. In spatial learning and memory ability test, the outcome of experimental group was different significantly than the control group at the $7^{th}$ day, $14^{th}$ day. In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, experimental groups was more increased than control group. Conclusion : These result suggest that improved cognitive function by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation after focal ischemic stroke is associated with dynamically altered expression of BDNF in hippocampal dentate gyrus and that is related with synaptic plasticity.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the Spaced Retrieval Training (SRT) with Errorless learning on the elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)'s memory, Instrumental Activities Daily Living, Depression symptom. Methods: A single subject experimental research with ABA design was conducted in this study on the 78-years-old person who was enrolled in day-care center. The total experimental sessions were 16 which composed of 3 sessions for baseline, 10 sessions for intervention and 3 sessions for second baseline. K-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (K-AVLT) was measured for the memory each session. For the measurement of cognitive function, IADL, depression Symptom, Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), Philadelphia Geriatric Center Instrumental Activities Daily Living (PGC IADL), Geriatric Depression Scale Korean Version (GDS-K) was measured at pre-post test. Results: Memory at the phase B was improved than Phase A. At the phase B, the scores trend was ascending, but after the intervention at the phase A', the scores trend was descending. The scores of MoCA-K were improved, PGC IADL were maintained, GDS-K were decreased. Conclusion: This results support the evidence of the SRT with EL on the elderly with MCI in the clinical setting. In the future, the correlation researches about MCI's memory and other functional factors will be needed for effective occupational therapy service.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.526-539
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was undertaken to develop and test a mastery learning program of nursing skills for undergraduate nursing students. Methods: In this methodological study, first, the preliminary draft of a mastery learning program to provide training for nursing skills was developed based on Bloom's framework for mastery learning. Second, to test the developed program, a single-blinded, nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized study was conducted on 50 senior nursing students in a University selected by convenient sampling. Thirteen students were assigned to a control group; 13, 12, and 13 of them were assigned to intravenous therapy, transfusion, and patient transfer groups, respectively. The achievement levels and performance scores of the selected nursing skills were measured before and after the completion of the program in all the groups. Lastly, the final program was confirmed based on the results of the program testing. Results: Intravenous therapy, transfusion, and patient transfer were selected as essential nursing skills for the program based on the priorities rated by clinical instructors and staff nurses. The achievement levels of selected nursing skills were determined by Angoff scores. After participating in the program, the proportion of passers and performance scores of the nursing skills in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. The final program was confirmed which included a diagnostic test, enrichment activities for the passers and three repetitions of corrective activities and formative assessments for non-passers. Conclusion: The results suggest that a mastery learning program for undergraduate students can lead to better improvement and performance of essential nursing skills.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

Purpose: We investigated the effects of physical practice, mental practice, and cross education using serial reaction time (SRT). We recruited 21 right-handed healthy males and females who gave consent and had no clinical history for their upper limbs. Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups; actual practice (n=7), mental practice (n=7), and controls (n=7), who performed actual training, mental training, or no intervention respectively for three weeks. Super lab 4.0 displayed four symbols on the monitor and subjects pushed on the matching button, with reaction time assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: Reaction time was significantly lower after actual or mental practice (p<0.05). Actual practice also decreased left hand reaction time. Conclusion: Actual practice and mental practice can improve motor learning, but mental practice is not sufficient for cross education.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.133-139
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• 2000

Neurophysiological therapeutic exercise had started 1940-1960 that used for CNS patient's rehabilitation is the world. In America, PNF, Bobath, Brunnstrom technique are reviewed through the NUSTEP and II STEP on 1967. The NUSTEP provide common interest of neurophysiological therapeutic exercise. The II STEP provide new concept of neurophysiological therapeutic exercise from scholar, professor and clinician. New concept include not only using the reflex but also motor learning, motor control and motor behavior. It is including neurobiologic interaction, biomechanics and motor science. Therefore, neurophysiological therapeutic exercise have to change with the purpose of the therapeutic exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.271-284
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• 2021

This study presents the educational utility of blended learning by analyzing the effectiveness of learning after class by blending team project learning and smart device app-based learning methods. Qualitative analysis and survey analysis were conducted and the results were as follows. First, team project activities based on task resolution were conducted freely through detailed activities such as sharing roles, planning meetings, and coordinating opinions. Team activities were carried out with respect and consideration, team member bonding, and a sense of responsibility. Second, the smart device app is recognized as a medium for work and communication, and fast feedback has been made, making it highly impactful on classroom activities. Third, in terms of learning satisfaction, most learners showed an interest in the course and were satisfied with the project results. The smart device app was used as a learning and communication medium for personal and team activities and was analyzed as a blended method applicable to classes that conduct practical activities as an efficient tool to further activate project activities.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.247-254
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of action learning on the satisfaction of majors by cultivating task-solving ability through self-reflection in the form of team learning for a certain period of time in the form of team learning by using action learning for students taking convergence curriculum in universities. The subjects of the study were 40 students from the Department of Sports Rehabilitation, a convergence of the Department of Sports and Health Management and the Department of Physical Therapy located in Jeollanam-do. This was conducted to confirm the difference in the effect of satisfaction. Comparison of changes in groups of experimental groups with action learning teaching methods showed significant differences in self-directed learning skills, problem-solving skills, and major satisfaction(p<.001)(p<.05). A significant difference in self-directed learning ability, problem-solving ability, and major satisfaction was also shown in the comparison of changes in control groups that applied traditional teaching methods(p<.05). Comparison of changes between groups showed significant differences in self-directed learning skills, problem-solving skills and major satisfaction(p<.05). Applying the action learning teaching method to the level of students in the convergence course will improve self-directed learning skills, problem-solving skills, and major satisfaction, and further research will be needed to expand the target and add variables to combine qualitative research.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.423-440
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the conception and developmental process of stretching in sports physical therapy. This study is to find conception of stretching, feature and effect, principles and fundamental rule, consideration of enforcement and developmental process in order to use the basic material which is very helpful in the every field and the scene of sports needing stretching. Flexibility is the ability to move muscles and joints through their full ranges of motion. Flexibility is developed by stretching. About player who insufficiency of flexibility, patient and disabled person who restrict of range of motion, older adult who reduce of flexibility, promote of flexibility for upgrading stability and efficiency of body on the based of scientific principles is completed by stretching. The method of stretching has been developed with passive stretching, CR, PNF stretching, PIC stretching, MET stretching in the order. The effects that we can get through stretching are as follows : 1. Enhance physical fitness. 2. Optimize learning, practice and performance of many types of skilled movement. 3. Increase mental and physical relaxation. 4. Promote development of body awareness. 5. Reduce risk of joint sprain or muscle strain. 6. Reduce risk of back problem. 7 Reduce muscular soreness. 8. Reduce the severity of painful menstruation for female athletes. 9. Reduce muscular tension. 10. Advance recognition of body.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2019

Always, emotion is mutant. This is principle of literary treatment. In the literature, sadness is not sadness, and 'loving emotion' is not 'loving emotion.' Despite loving of our, loving is sadness. Also loving is to cry. This crying becomes love. This study is to show the mutant emotion which is to be able to code Deep Learning AI. We explored the Sijo "Streams that cried last night", because this Sijo was useful to study mutant emotion. The result was that this Sijo was coding the mutant emotion. Almost continuously, the sadness codes were spawning and concentrating. So this Sijo was making the emotion of love with the sadness. If this study is continued, It is believed that our lives will be much happier. And the method of literary therapy will be able to more upgrade.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.413-421
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• 2012

Few studies address the use of manual muscle stretching to improve spinal active range of motion(AROM). There is evidence that' Hold-Relax'(HR) is effective for increasing ROM in the extremities, which leads the researchers to anticipate similar benefits in the spine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of HR(trunk flexors) and active thoracic flexion and extension on thoracic mobility, specifically flexion and extension in healthy individuals. A convenience sample of 30 physical therapy students(22-38 years) were randomly assigned to intervention sequence 'A-B' or 'B-A', with at least 7 days between interventions. Intervention' A' consisted of HR of the ventral trunk musculature while 'B' consisted of thoracic flexion-extension AROM. Thoracic flexion and extension AROM were measured before and after each intervention using the double inclinometer method. Paired t-tests were used to compare AROM pre and post-intervention for both groups, and to test for carry-over and learning effects. There was a statistically significant increase(mean=$3^{\circ}$ ; p=0.006) in thoracic extension following HR of the trunk flexors. There were no significant changes in thoracic flexion following HR, or in flexion or extension following the AROM intervention. No carryover or learning effects were identified. HR may be an effective tool for improving AROM in the thoracic spine in pain free individuals. Further investigation is warranted with symptomatic populations and to define the minimal clinical difference(MCD) for thoracic spine mobility.