• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.319-325
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• 1999

Direct current(d.c.)leakage current voltage characteristics of radio-frequencymagnetron sputtered BaTa\sub 2\O\sub 6\ film capacitors with aluminum(A1) top and indium tin oxide (ITO) bottom electrodes have been investigatedas a function of applied field and temperature. In order to study surfacetreatment effect on the electrical characteristics of as-deposited film weperformed exposure of oxygen plasma on $BaTa_2O_6$ surface. d. c.current-voltage (I-V), bipolar pulse charge-voltage (Q-V), d. c. current-time (I-t) andcapacitance-frequency (C-f) analysis were performed on films. All ofthe films exhibita low leakage current, a high breakdown field strength (3MV/cm-4.5MV/cm), and high dielectric constant (20-30). From the temperature dependence of leakage current,we can conclude that the dominant conduction mechanism is ascribed toSchottky emission at high electric field (>1MV/cm) and hopping conduction at lowelectric field (<1MV/cm). According to our results, the oxide plasma surfacetreatmenton as-deposited $BaTa_2O_6$ resulted in lowering interfacebarrier height and thus, leakage current when a negative voltage applied to the A1 electrode. This can be explained by reduction of surface contamination via etching surface and filling defects such as oxygen vacancies.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.160-160
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• 2019

Water is a limited source that needs to be properly managed and distributed to the ever-growing population of the world. Rapid urbanization and development have increased the overall water demand of the world drastically. However, there is loss of billions of liters of water every year due to leakages in water distribution systems. Such water loss means significant financial loss for the utilities as well. World bank estimates a loss of $14 billion annually from wasted water. To address these issues and for the development of efficient and reliable leakage management techniques, high efforts have been made by the researchers and engineers. Over the past decade, various techniques and technologies have been developed for leakage management and leak detection. These include ideas such as pressure management in water distribution networks, use of Advanced Metering Infrastructure, use of machine learning algorithms, etc. For leakage detection, techniques such as acoustic technique, and in recent yeats transient test-based techniques have become popular. Smart Water Grid uses two-way real time network monitoring by utilizing sensors and devices in the water distribution system. Hence, valuable real time data of the water distribution network can be collected. Best results and outcomes may be produced by proper utilization of the collected data in unison with advanced detection and management techniques. Long term reduction in Non Revenue Water can be achieved by detecting, localizing and repairing leakages as quickly and as efficiently as possible. However, there are still numerous challenges to be met and future research works to be conducted in this field.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 2층 누수대수층 시스템에 관한 Hunt 해석해와 Ward and Lough 해석해를 이용하여 천부지하수 양수 및 심부지하수 양수로 인한 하천수 감소량을 산정하고 그 차이를 비교, 분석하였다. 하천과 관정간의 이격거리, 대수층의 투수량계수와 저류계수, 상부층과 하부층간의 누수계수의 조합에 따라 총 45,000가지 경우에 대해 지하수 양수량 대비 하천수 감소량인 하천수 감소비를 천부와 심부지하수 양수 각각에 대해 산정하고 그 차이를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 층간 누수계수가 10^-61/d로 매우 작은 경우 천부 및 심부지하수 양수로 인한 5년 평균 하천수 감소비의 차이는 수리특성조건에 따라 최대 0.9로 큰 편차를 보이고 천부대수층의 하천고갈인자(SDF)와 지수함수적 감소 관계가 지배적으로 나타났다. 이러한 하천수 감소비의 차이는 층간 누수계수가 증가함에 따라 층간 상호작용 영향으로 SDF 값과의 지수함수적 관계가 점차 둔화되고 누수계수가 10^-31/d이 되면 최대 0.2의 작은 차이가 발생하여 층간 수리적 연결성이 큰 조건에서는 하천수 감소에 미치는 지하수 양수 심도의 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2018

A sialocele is a subcutaneous cavity containing saliva, most often caused by facial trauma or iatrogenic complications. In subcondylar fractures, most surgeons are conscious of facial nerve injury; however, they usually pay little attention to the parotid duct injury. We report the case of a 41-year-old man with a sialocele, approximately $5{\times}3cm$ in size, which developed 1 week after subcondylar fracture reduction. The sialocele became progressively enlarged despite conservative management. Computed tomography showed a thin-walled cyst between the body and tail of the parotid gland. Fluid leakage outside the cyst was noted where the skin was thin. Sialography showed a cutting edge of the inferior interlobular major duct before forming the common major duct that seemed to be injured during the subcondylar fracture reduction process. We decided on prompt surgical treatment, and the sialocele was completely excised. A duct from the parotid tail, secreting salivary secretion into the cyst, was ligated. Botulinum toxin was administrated to block the salivary secretion and preventing recurrence. Treatment was successful. In addition, we found that parotid major ducts are enveloped by the deep lobe and extensive dissection during the subcondylar fracture reduction may cause parotid major duct injury.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2015

Stack effect on high-rise building have negative effect on living environment, energy and life-safety aspect. Thus, it's necessary to find the measure to reduce the stack effect. As a result of field test on a 31-story building, a circulating type stack effect reduction technology was developed, which supplies air in the low stairs and discharges air in the high stairs. To evaluate the performance of this circulating type stack effect reduction technology on building stairs, a 3D numerical analysis was carried out by using Momentum Loss Model for analyzing leakage flow between compartments in a building. Consequently, numerical analysis proved that the stack effect on building stairs was reduced by a circulating type stack effect reduction technology.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2021

As greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport are increasing, the International Maritime Organization is continuously working to strengthen emission regulations. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel is less advantageous as a point of CO₂ reduction due to the methane leakage that occurs during the bunkering and operation of marine engines. In this study, greenhouse gas emissions from an LNG-fueled ship were analyzed from the perspective of the life cycle. The amount ofmethane emission during the bunkering and operation procedures with various boil-off gas (BOG) treatment methods and gas engine specifications was analyzed by dynamic simulation. The results were also compared with those of other liquid fuel engines. As a result, small LNG-fueled ships without a BOG treatment facility emitted 32% more greenhouse gas than ships utilizing marine gas oil or heavy fuel oil. To achieve a greenhouse gas reduction via a BOG treatment method, a gas combustion unit or re-liquefaction system must be mounted, which results in a greenhouse gas reduction effect of about 25% and 30%. As a result of comparing the amount of greenhouse gas generated according to the BOG treatment method used with each tank size from the perspective of the operating cycle with the amounts from using existing marine fuels, the BOG treatment method showed superior effects of greenhouse gas reduction.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2016년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.365-366
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• 2016

This paper presents a single-phase transformerless photovoltaic (PV) power converter systems based on the AC/DC boost inverter, which is capable of solving the leakage current and second-order ripple power issues. By eliminating the inherent ripple power in single-phase inverter, the bulky electrolytic capacitor can be replaced by a small film capacitor. The validity of the proposed scheme has been verified by the simulation results.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1310-1317
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• 2007

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.82-85
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• 1997

This paper describes the development of new type arrester for 22.9kV class distribution lines, with polymer insulating materials applied to their housings. The new arrester employs silicone insulating material for its housing, instead of the conventional porcelain housing, aiming at reduction in size and weight and explosion proof against internal short circuit failure. And, since the design of sheds is not restricted. it is possible to provide a long surface leakage distance per strike length and improve anti-contamination performance.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2002년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.31-33
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• 2002

Si TFTs are applied not only to stacked SRAM but also to FPD. Improvement of device characteristic such as an enhancement of carrier mobility or a reduction of leakage current is studied intensively. The TFT technology is developing based on conventional Si LSI technology. By establishing a stable fabrication process on flexible substrate and high performance characteristic uniformly and reliably, TFT technology has a possibility to develop to SOP or other highly functional applications similar to or beyond the conventional Si LSI in the era of information and telecommunication.