• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.5-20
• /
• 1991

For the quality enhancement of harvested-year leaf tobacco to the quality of 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco, cellulose and nicotine degradative bacteria were isolated and identified. Effects of artificial fermentation treated cellulase and nicotine degradative bacteria on the quality of leaf tobacco were investigated from the chemical and sensory points of view. 1, Changes in chemical composition of leaf tobacco resulted from the addition of cellulase extracted from Cellulomonas sp. [3ml(${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ D-glucose/ml. mil-1) of enzymes solution 11009 of leaf tobacco] and nicotine degradative bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. 2ml(IX109 cells$\div$ 100g of leaf tobacco), and subsequently fermented at 40${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$^{\circ}C$, 65% R. H. for 40 days are as follows : 1) Content of crude fiber decreased 12% It took 9 min, 53 sec. to reach full combustion in control group but took only 7 min. 47 sec. in the treated group, taking almost equal time to 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco(7 min. 35sec.). 2) Light intensity of control group was 60.96% with bright lemon color but that of treated leaf tobacco accounted for 47.69 with orange to dark brown color series, which was almost equal to the value, 45.69, of 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco. 3) Linoleic acid, serving mild taste among organic acids, amounted to 1.llmg/g in control group but increased to 1.35m9/9 in the treated leaf tobacco, identical to the content(1.35mg/g) of 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco. 4) Content of solanone, on of the typical leaf tobacco flavor compounds, accounted for 2.95% in control group but increased to 2.87% in treated group. 5) Methyl furan, useful flavor compound in smoke composition, accounted for 17.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. in control group but increased to 25.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. in treated group. However, acroleine decreased from 69.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. in control group to 58.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. in treated group 2. In sonsory test, mild taste evaluation of control group scored 5.47 and treated group 7.93 which was evaluted almost equal to the value(8.00) of 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco. Aroma evaluation of control group scored 5.60, treated group 8.20, and 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco 8.33. In addition, total harmony taste of control group showed 5.67, treated group 8.07 (p<0.01), and 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco 8.00. From these results, it can be said that quality of treated leaf tobacco is not inferior to that 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.48-52
• /
• 1993

갓은 배추 등 다른 십자화과 채소에 비하여 특유의 맛과 향기가 강한 침채류 발효 식품 재료로서 그 활용방안을 모색하기 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 돌산갓의 일반성분, 산도, 알칼리도, 총당, 유리당, 구조아미노산 및 유리아미노산 등을 분석하였다. 돌산갓은 수분 87.5%, 조단백질 3.8%, 조지방 0.3%, 조섬유 1.3%, 그리고 조회분 1.4%로서 다른 한국산 재래종 갓 및 일본 갓에 비하여 조단백질은 많았고, 조섬유 및 조지방은 오히려 적은 함량을 나타내었다. 잎과 잎줄기의 pH는 5.7, 5.8이었고, 적정산도는 687mg, 318mg유산/신선물 100g이였으며, 알칼리도는 2.5, 5.2로서 알칼리성 식품이었다. 유리당은 주로 포도당이였고 잎줄기에는 잎보다 약 2배 많았으며, 과당은 미량으로 분리되었다. 잎과 잎줄기의 총당 및 환원당은 각각 574mg%, 820mg% 그리고 352mg%, 538mg%였다. 신선물 잎과 잎줄기의 총 구성아미노산은 각각 8.0%, 2.5%로, 잎이 잎줄기보다 3.2배 많았으며, glutamic acid, proline이 공통적으로 가장 많았는데 아미노산 패턴은 차이를 보였다. 총 유리 아미노산은 각각 3074mg%, 298mg%로서 잎줄기가 잎보다 10.3배 많았으며, 특히 glutamic acid, aspartic acid가 공통적으로 많았고, 필수아미노산은 869mg%, 68mg%로서 전체 유리아미노산에 대하여 22.9%와 28.3%였다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.373-381
• /
• 1994

호밀을 답리작으로 재배시 수량, 일반사료성분과 에너지 함량 및 수량을 질소시비량 및 예취시기에 따른 반응을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 호밀은 질소시비량이 30kg/10a까지 많을수록 청예 및 건물수량이 증가하고 건물률은 감소하였으며 식물체의 엽신과 엽초의 비율은 증가하는 반면 줄기와 이삭의 비율은 감소하였다. 2. 호밀은 질소시비량이 많을수록 단백질, 총가소화양분(TDN), 무기물 및 에너지 함량과 수량이 모두 증가하였으며 ADF(acid detergent fiber) 와 NDF(neutral detergent fiber)의 함량은 감소하고 상대적사료가치가 높아졌다. 3. 질소시비량이 많아지면 예취시기가 늦더라도 전체 조단백질 함량 중에서 가급태 단백질이 차지하는 비율이 크게 낮아지지 않았다. 4. 호밀의 수확적기는 관행사료가치의 관점에서 는 대체로 유숙기 무렵으로 판단되었으나 사료의 에너지 관점에서는 이와 다소 차이가 있었다. 증체에너지(NEG)와 유지에너지(NEM) 면에서 본 수확적기는 개화후기에 높고 관행사료가치보다 10일정도 빨랐으며 에너지추정값(ENE)과 필유에너지(NEL)는 유숙기 무렵으로 같았다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2018

Aloe gel layer is well known as raw materials of medicines and cosmetics due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In aloe gel extracting process, the outer part of the leaf was removed. It contains high quality of fiber and many nutrients. However, this part is thrown away and generally used as fertilizer. The purpose of this research was to examine the important nutrient of Aloe saponaria. Moreover, the feasibility of using aloe as a dietary supplement by feeding fermentation treatment of aloe was investigated. To do this, the aloe leaf was divided into several parts including leaf skin, bottom of the leaf, tip of the leaf, middle of the leaf, and leaf flesh. Then the saponin content were analyzed from each part. The extraction method was used to clarify the saponin content. The aloe then fermented to improve it benefit. The fermented Aloe then given as dietary food to group of pig. Finally, the appropriate feed level was determined and the pork meat quality was analyzed. The extraction of saponin shows that the highest concentration of saponin located on the skin of the leaf. The feeding experiment shows that there is no significant difference in pig growth without aloe dietary food and groups with aloe as dietary food. It was conclude that fermented aloe can replace the pigs normal feeder as an alternative feeding solution.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.816-824
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the shoot height at which the yield and nutritive value of wormwood (Artemisia montana) is optimized in order to provide information on its potential to support animal production (Experiment 1). A second objective was to determine how the essential oil (EO) concentration in wormwood hay and silage differ (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, Artemisia montana was harvested at five different shoot heights (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm) from triplicate $1.8{\times}1.8m$ plots. Dry matter (DM) yield was measured at each harvest date and the harvested wormwood was botanically separated into leaf, stalk and whole plant fractions and analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD). Values for total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were subsequently calculated using prediction equations. Dry matter yields of stalk and whole plant increased linearly (p<0.001) and leaf yield increased quadratically (p<0.01) with shoot height, whereas the leaf/stalk ratio decreased linearly (p<0.001). As shoot height increased, there was a linear increase (p<0.001) in leaf DM, ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents and a quadratic increase (p<0.05) in leaf acid detergent fiber (ADF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents, and stalk and whole plant DM (p<0.001), organic matter (OM, p<0.01 and p<0.05), NDF (p<0.001 and 0.05) and NFE (p<0.05) contents. However, there were decreases in leaf crude protein content (CP, quadratic, p<0.001) and stalk and whole plant EE content (linear, p<0.001), CP (quadratic, p<0.05) and ash (quadratic, p<0.05) contents. Digestibility of DM and TDN, and DE and ME value in leaves were not affected by increasing shoot height, but these measures linearly decreased (p<0.001) in stalk and whole plant. In Experiment 2, the hay had higher DM and CP concentrations, but lower EE concentration than the silage. Essential oil (EO) content in wormwood silage (0.49 g/100 g DM) was higher (p<0.05) than that in wormwood hay (0.32 g/100 g DM). Wormwood hay contained 25 essentail oils (EO) including camphor (10.4 g/100 g), 1-borneol (11.6 g/100 g) and caryophyllene oxide (27.7 g/100 g), and wormwood silage had 26 EO constituents including 3-cyclohexen-1-ol (8.1 g/100 g), trans-caryophyllene (8.6 g/100 g) and ${\gamma}$-selinene (16.8 g/100 g). It is concluded that the most ideal shoot height for harvesting wormwood is 60 cm based on the optimization of DM yield and nutritive value. Wormwood silage had a greater quantity and array of EO than wormwood hay.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제57권2호
• /
• pp.132-136
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 대표적인 섬유작물인 케나프의 가축 사료용으로 이용 가능성을 검증하기 위해서 한국원자력연구원에서 개발한 신품종 장대와 다른 품종들(옥수, C12, C14-DRS)에서 생육특성과 유용물질 함량을 비교 분석하였다. 전체적으로 돌연변이 신품종 장대가 다른 대조품종들보다는 생육이 좋았는데 특히 생체중, 건물중, 줄기직경, 마디 수에서 대조품종들보다 1.6~3.1배 가량 높은 생육 특성을 보였다. 조단백질과 조지방 함량은 장대의 줄기에서 가장 높았으며, 잎에서는 가장 적게 나타났다. 줄기의 조섬유와 조회분 함량은 계통들간의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 잎의 조섬유 함량은 C14-DRS가 가장 높았으며 그 다음으로 장대가 높았다. ADF함량은 옥수의 줄기와 잎에서 가장 많이 나타났으며 NDF는 장대의 줄기와 잎에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 총폴리페놀과 총플라보노이드 함량은 옥수, C12, 장대, C14-DRS순으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.507-513
• /
• 2006

Changes of in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) were determined by a filter bag system, and their relationships to chemical composition, leaf to stem ratio, plant height, geographic location, climatic factors and harvest interval were studied and used to develop prediction models for the crude protein (CP), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) contents and IVTD. Partitioning the total variance of IVTD of Napiergrass showed that 80% was attributable to the effect of harvest interval. Days of growth, plant height, leaf/stem ratio, CP, ADF and NDF of Napiergrass had highly significant relationships (p<0.01) with IVTD. The highest coefficient of correlation between the ADF, NDF, and IVTD of Napiergrass and growth degree days was obtained when the base temperature was set at $0^{\circ}C$. Growth degree days could predict ADF, NDF, and IVTD of Napiergrass more accurately than plant height, and plant height is not suitable to predict IVTD.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.365-371
• /
• 2023

This experiment was carried out to breed a medium maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Cheonan from 2019 to 2020. An Italian ryegrass variety, IR 604 is a tetraploid variety with green in leaf color and has half-erect growth habit in late autumn and erect growth habit in early spring, IR 604 was on May 17 in heading date as a medium maturing variety. Also, IR 604 was longer by 11 cm in flag leaf length and longer by 1.3 cm in plant height than those of the control variety, Kowinner, respectively. IR 604 was also thicker by 1.0 mm in stem thickness and strong in winter hardness. Dry matter (DM) yield (11,036 kg/ha) of IR 604 was 16.6% higher than that of Kowinner. Total digestible nutrient (TDN), crude protein (CP) and relative feed value (RFV) of IR 604 were 60.4, 13.8% and 100.6 which are 1.4, 3.3%, 7.7 higher than those of Kowinner, respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of IR 604 were 35.5 and 56.7% which are 1.3 and 3.6% lower than those of Kowinner, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 1991

The effects of dietary fiber on true digestibility of amino acids by growing pigs were studied, using semi-purified diets formulated from alfalfa meal, cassava leaf meal, rubber seed meal and leucacna meal at 20% level. A protein-free diet including 5% cellulose was formulated for correcting the endogenous amino acid loss. Across all the diets, arginine was the most digestible while the least at ileal level was threonine; methionine and/or histidine at fecal level respectively. The true digestibility value of amino acids at ileal level were higher than at fecal level except control diet (cellulose). The true digestibility values at ileal level were similar for all diets but differed at fecal level in different magnitude. These results indicate that undigestible compound in individual feedstuff might confound. True digestibility should be studied together for accurate diet formulation as apparent digestibility decreased when their amino acid concentration in the diet was reduced.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.524-526
• /
• 2007

In this letter, we study the multicast protection problem in sparse-splitting wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical network, and propose a novel multicast protection algorithm called the shared source-leaf path-based protection (SLPP) algorithm. Unlike the proposals in previous studies, the backup paths derived by SLPP can share wavelength with the primary tree in sparse-splitting WDM networks. Simulations are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the SLPP algorithm.