• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2010

The ether extract(EE) of leaf tobacco contains diverse compounds such as lipid, resinoid, paraffin hydrocarbons and pigments. Although the correlation of EE concentertion with leaf tobacco has not been established clearly, it is known that in some concentration range, EE concentration of leaf tobacco exerts good influence on the quality of tobacco. Recently, The American Oil Chemist's Society introduced new method(Am 5-04; AOCS, 2009) to determine EE concentration by AT15 extractor. This method is based on extraction with organic solvent at relatively high temperature and pressure, which significantly reduces the extraction time and ensures safety. The aim of this study is to optimize analytical condition of AOCS method for analyzing EE concentration of leaf tobacco. When sample pre-drying time and extraction time of XT15 were set to 3 hour and 30 minute and 30 minute respectively, EE concentration obtained from AOAC method. Statistical analysis(T-test) showed that there is no difference(P>0.05) between EE concentrations from two methods.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.239-246
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to find out the potential of the Mosidae(Adenophora remtriflora) leaf, one of the natural ingredients, for the cosmetics by measuring their antioxidant functions and skin improving effects. The result of the phytonutrient of the Mosidae leaf test shows, that the heat extract of Mosidae leaf DPPH has 9% higher ability than Ethanol extract.(p<0.05), but significant a difference was not found between the hydroxyl Radical of Mosidae leaf heat extract (65.22%) and Ethanol extract(63.50%). Mosidae leaf heat extract(40.82mg/mL) has much lower polyphenol compound than Ethanol extract(47.90mg/mL)(p<0.05). A clinical test of Mosidae leaf powder pack was performed for a group of 16 middle aged women(age between 35-60) from October 20 to November 17, 2011. Control group was used on the right cheek, and test group was used on left cheek for comparison. The procedure was twice a week for 4 weeks to identify and grade level of moisture, roughness, pore size and spot. After 4 weeks of testing, there were significant improvements in moisture enhancement and spot(p<0.05), subtle change in roughness and the size of the pores. Therefore, we confirmed skin improvement effect of Mosidae leaf as new cosmetic material.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.237-246
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• 2019

In this study, quality characteristics of yogurt supplemented with Angelica gigas Nakai leaf extract were examined. The pH of the yogurt ranged from 4.40 to 4.45 and the titratable acidity ranged from 0.96% to 0.98%. The viscosity tended to decrease with the addition of the Angelica gigas Nakai leaf extract, but did not affect stability during storage. In the range of 0.1% to 0.3%, lactic acid bacteria were present in the range of 1.9×10⁹ to 3.2×10⁹ CFU/mL. The decursin content in yogurt was quantitatively analyzed, depending on the addition of 0.1% to 0.3% of Angelica gigas Nakai leaf extract and was found to be 0.26 ㎍/g, 15.23 ㎍/g, and 23.57 ㎍/g respectively. Organic acid showed the highest generation of lactic acid. The antioxidant properties of yogurt were shown to increase with the addition of the Angelica gigas Nakai leaf extract. The sensory score of yogurt supplemented with 0.1% of the Angelica gigas Nakai leaf extract was highly valued, at a level similar to that of plain yogurt. Yogurt supplemented with 0.2% of the extract was rated above the normal score of 6.31 to 6.50. As shown by the results, the optimal concentration of Angelica gigas Nakai leaf extract for addition to yogurt was within 0.2%.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.720-725
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate extracting solution effect on the chemical compositions in different parts of Korean mountain Ginseng. Water, 80% EtOH and 80% MeOH are used as extraction solutions, and extracting conditions were 2 hr at $85^{\circ}C$ in water bath. The Brix(%) of the extract were ranged from $0.42{\sim}22.58%$, 80% EtOH extract for leaf is the highest level as 22.58%. The pH ranges of the extracts were $4.43{\sim}7.41$ and brown color of the extract was the highest with 1.803 in 80% EtOH extract for leaf, respectively. In case of hunter's color value of the extract, L value is the highest with 24.35 in 80% EtOH extract of seed, a and b value were the highest with 0.41 in 100% water extract of leaf and 3.69 in 80% MeOH extract of stem. Sucrose is the major free sugar of the extinct it highest content with 3673 mg% in 80% MeOH extract of mot and fructose is the highest with 1897 mg% in 80% MeOH extract of leaf, Major organic acids are identified as malic, tartaric and citric acid, and total organic acid content is the highest with 5,254 mg% in 80% MeOH extract of leaf and 1,527 mg% in 80% EtOH extract of leaf, The extracted major minerals ate P and K, P content highest with 15,563 ppm in 100% water extract of stem, K is 4,952 ppm in 80% MeOH extract of leaf, and Ca is the highest with 3,052 ppm in 1011% water extract of leaf. These results suggest that extracting solvent (80% MeOH) is concerned with the extract preparation of Korea Mountain Ginseng.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2009

E. japonica is a well-known medicinal plant in Japan. The leaves of E. japonica were reported to have a hypoglycemic action. However, seeds of E. japonica are discarded and not used. To elucidate for anti-diabetic effects of E. japonica, Type 2 diabetic mice were allocated to control group, E. japonica leaf, and seed extract group. Animals were fed a 2018S Teklad global 18% protein rodent diet. Animals were received daily oral injections of E. japonica leaf or seed extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight for 6 weeks. Body weight, food intake and water intake, and total adipose tissue weight of animals were significantly reduced by feeding of E. japonica leaf extract. All E. japonica extract groups significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, size of adipocytes and serum adiponectins. However, they did not have a beneficial effect on the serum triglyceride and cholesterol in the diabetic animals. These results suggest that E. japonica seed and leaf extracts have a antidiabetic effect by controlling of blood glucose and decrease of size of adipocytes in db/db mice and seed extract is more effective in hypoglycemic action than leaf extract.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.255-261
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• 2018

Aglycon protopanaxatriol (APPT) has valuable pharmacological effects such as memory enhancement and tumor inhibition. ${\beta}$-Glycosidase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Dictyoglomus turgidum (DT-bgl) hydrolyzes the glucose residues linked to APPT, but not other glycoside residues. ${\beta}$-Glycosidase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Pyrococcus furiosus (PF-bgl) hydrolyzes the outer sugar at C-6 but not the inner glucose at C-6 or the glucose at C-20. Thus, the combined use of DT-bgl and PF-bgl is expected to increase the biotransformation of PPT-type ginsenosides to APPT. We optimized the ratio of PF-bgl to DT-bgl, the concentrations of substrate and enzyme, and the reaction time to increase the biotransformation of ginsenoside Re and PPT-type ginsenosides in Panax ginseng leaf extract to APPT. DT-bgl combined with PF-bgl converted 1.0 mg/ml PPT-type ginsenosides in ginseng leaf extract to 0.58 mg/ml APPT without other ginsenosides, with a molar conversion of 100%. We achieved the complete biotransformation of ginsenoside Re and PPT-type ginsenosides in ginseng leaf extract to APPT by the combined use of two ${\beta}$-glycosidases, suggesting that discarded ginseng leaves can be used as a source of the valuable ginsenoside APPT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative production of APPT using ginsenoside Re, and we report the highest concentration and productivity of APPT from ginseng extract to date.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.3629-3634
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• 2013

In this study, an improved method for the quantitative analysis of ginkgolic acids (GAs) in Ginkgo biloba leaf extract was developed. The samples were extracted with a mixture of chloroform and 50 % ethanol, after which the chloroform extract was dried and reconstituted in methanol. GAs with 13:0, 15:1, and 17:1 in the extract were successfully separated within 40 min and determined with high throughput performance using an online column-switching HPLC method using an SP column C8 SG80 ($4.6{\times}150mm$, $5{\mu}m$) and a Cadenza 5CD C18 column ($4.6{\times}150mm$, $3{\mu}m$). The developed HPLC method was validated for Ginkgo biloba leaf extract. The validation parameters were specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection and quantitation (LODs and LOQs, respectively). It was found that all of the calibration curves showed good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.9993) within the tested ranges. The LODs and LOQs were all lower than $0.04{\mu}g/mL$. The established method was found to be simple, rapid, and high throughput for the quantitative analysis of GAs in ten commercial Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and dietary supplements. The samples were also analyzed in LC-electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) - multiple-ion reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to confirm the identification results that were obtained by the column switching HPLC-DAD method. The developed method is considered to be suitable for the routine quality control and safety assurance of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2015

In this study, we prepared Eriobotrya japonica leaf extracts by several extraction processes and then evaluated their biological activities for their potential application as a new raw material of functional cosmetic. Their whitening effects were measured by tyrosinase inhibitory activities, and anti-inflammatory effects were determined by inhibitory activities of nitric oxide (NO) production. Among the several extracts obtained from E. japonica leaf, supercritical fluid extract showed tyrosinase inhibitory activities at the concentration of 10%. Inhibitory activity on NO production effect related to anti-inflammatory efficacy was in the order: supercritical fluid extract > ethanol extract > hot water extract. According to the results of MTT assay, cell cytotoxicity was not observed at all concentrations except for a 5% concentration of the 70% ethanol extract. For whitening effects, 30% ethanol and 70% ethanol extract showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity at the concentration of 5%. These results indicated that E. japonica leaf extracts could have the functional effects when they are added as ingredients in cosmetics.

• Proceedings of the Turfgrass Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.3-5
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• 2002

This study was carried out to get better understandings about morphological, ecological, and genetical characteristics of annual bluegrass collected from different golf courses in Korea and eventually to establish a successful control strategy. Twenty five local lines of annual bluegrass collected from 20 golf courses in Korea were classified into annual or perennial type on the basis of morphological characteristics. Twelve local lines showing obvious morphological differences were selected and then genetically assessed using RAPD analysis. Classification of the 12 local lines through RAPD analysis were considerably similar to that determined by both of morphological differences and phenotype. Responses of the two types of annual blugrass to herbicides were also examined. Shoot growth of annual bluegrass was significantly suppressed by flazasulfuron and the annual type was more susceptible than perennial type, regardless of flazasulfuron concentrations used. By pendimethalin treatment, there was no clear difference in susceptibility between the two types of annual bluegrass. However, by the treatment of dithiopyr, annual type was more sensitive than perennial type in both shoot and root growth. Nine tree species were screened to detect their allelopathic potential on turfgrasses and annual bluegrass. Acacia (Robinia pseudo-acacia) leaves showed selective inhibition in the shoot and root growth as well as their seed germination when treated with 2% and 10%(v/v) of the extract. However, the other leaf extracts except acacia inhibited non-selectively the growth of three turfgrass species such as bentgrass, perennial ryegrass and zoysiagrass and annual bluegrass. The PAL activities of annual bluegrass increased at 24 h after treatment of acacia leaf extract and peaked at 36 h and then decreased till 60h. The highest PAL activity was observed at 36h after treatment of 10%. The highest activity of CA4H in annual bluegrass was observed at 2h after treatment of acacia extract and the level was 4 times greater than that of the control. The phenolic acids such as p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid and ferulic acid were increased with the treatment of acacia leaf extract. The chloroplast membrane and cell wall of annual bluegrass were destroyed by treatment of acacia leaf extract and its inner materials were released. The membranes in annual bluegrass cells might be destroyed by phytotoxic compounds from acacia leaf extract.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.238-242
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to maintain healthy hair by treatment. Frequent permutations cause a lot of damage to the ends of the hair, and use permant wave pre- and post-processing agents step by step to protect the damaged ends of the hair. The Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract used in this study are effective for anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-cancer blood circulation and skin moisturizing. This extract was soaked in 1 perm paper and 2 perm papers and wound, and then the cuticle, tensile strength and wave formation rate were investigated. An average comparison analysis was conducted, and when the ginkgo leaf extract was applied to two perm paper sheets, the permanent hair tip showed the highest hair improvement effect.