• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 2002

Anti-fungal potential of 5 plant extracts viz., Eucalyptus citriodora, Allium sativum, Cassia sophera, Chromolaena odorata and Datura metel on the growth of mulberry brown leaf spot pathogen Myrothecium roridum were examined. Except fur the aqueous extract of Allium bulb, ethanolic leaf extract of all other plants more efficiently reduced the colony growth of the fungus on potato-dextrose-agar, Of which, Allium and Eucalyptus extracts were more effective. Initiation of radial growth of M. roridum on solid media was deferred maximum 6 days by ethanolic Eucalyptus extract and 4 days by aqueous Allium extract at $0.4 mg.ml^{-1}$. In the liquid media amended with Eucalyptus extract ($0.4 mg.ml^{-1}$) complete inhibition of sporulation was noticed upto 8 days, and initial inhibition of mycelial bio-mass generation was considerably diminished with time and reduction was 1.3 fold 14 days after application. While, complete inhibition of mycelial growth for 6-14 days was recorded with $\geq$0.1 mg.ml$^{-1}$ commercial eucalyptus oil. However, rejuvenation of growth appeared when fungus was re-inoculated in fresh media. Post-inoculate application of different doses Of Eucalyptus and Allium extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the disease severity in pot-ted mulberry. However, persistence of the effect up to 28 days was apparent at $\geq$ 1.0 mg.ml$^{-1}$ and effectively was on par with carbendazim (1 mg.ml$^{-1}$ ). Almost equal control ability of 1.0 mg.ml$^{-1}$ Eucalyptus extracts can be achieved by ca. 10 times lowered dose of commercial eucalyptus oil. It seems, the toxic principle of E. citrodora to M. roridum is fungistatic in nature and may have essential oil based origin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.320-320
• /
• 2022

Coriander(Coriandrum sativum L.) belongs to the family Umbelliferae/Apiaceae. It is cultivated as a spice and medicinal herb around the world, including its leaves and seeds. Coriander leaves have soft and fragrant, so they can be used in cuisines such as China, Mexico, and, Southeast Asia. Coriander leaves contain a high amount of vitamin C, carotene, and multiple polyphenols. Coriander essential oils and extracts have various chemical components and are known to have antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. This study was carried out for resource discovery, propagation, and DB construction of aromatic plants. In order to evaluate the genetic characteristics, 30 kinds of Coriander seeds were supplied from the Center for Genetic Resources. The evaluation of characteristics of the basal part leaf number, leaf shape, and plant height was investigated. Also, Essential oils extract from various parts of plants including the leaves, flowers, and steam isolated by simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE) apparatus. In the results, heights showed growing to 70 cm over and basal part leaf number 0 to7. The leaves are variable, they are measured according to leaves incisions, and most of the included incision. The qualitative analysis of EOs was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. EOs had various chemical compositions. Major compounds were trans-2-Decenal, linalool, decanal, 2-Dodecenal, 13-Tetradecanal, 2-Undecenal.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.582-586
• /
• 1991

Bangah(Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze), grown in East Asia has very unique and strong flavor, known as wild plant adding to loach soup stock for deodorizing fishy in southern province Korea. In this work, flavor components in essential oil of bangah were analyzed by steam distillation/gaschromatography and identified by gas chromatography/mass selective detector. A total of 32 components were identified in essential oil including 14 hydrocarbons, 6 aldehydes, 5 phenols, 3 alcohol, 2 esters, 5 ketones and 1 other compounds. The major flavor components were estragole, limonene, caryophyllene, eugenol and anethol. It was newly appeared some of aldehydes and sesquiterpenes in ripened bangah. The flower portion was showed more various flavor profiles than leaf and stem. And the respective peak areas were also the largest in flower portion.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.191-198
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to find herbicidal compounds from seven different plant essential oils such as amyris (Amyris balsamifera), cajuput (Melaleuca cajeputi), geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), lavender (Lavendula spp.), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), pine (Pinus spp.) and rosemary (Rosmarius officinale), and determine their herbicidal activities. The in vitro herbicidal activity of cajuput essential oil was the highest among six essential oils ($GR_{50}$ value, $425{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) and major chemical components in cajuput essential oil were eucalyptol (37.2%), ${\alpha}$-terpineol (11.6%), benzaldehyde (5.2%), linalool (4.1%), ${\alpha}$-pinene (2.5%) and ${\beta}$-pinene (2.4%), and their $GR_{50}$ values were 2,731, 500, 50, 372, 4,363, and $4,671{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$, respectively. Soil application of cajuput essential oil and benzaldehyde did not show any herbicidal activity at 80 kg $ha^{-1}$. When cajuput essential oil was applied to foliar at 80 kg $ha^{-1}$, narrow-leaved plants such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolar), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris) were killed 100%, however, broad-leaved plants indian jointvetch (Aeschynomeme indica), velvet leaf (Abutilon theophrasti), cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), Japanese morningglory (Calystegia japonica) were not killed, indicating the cajuput essential oil was effective to control narrow-leaved plants. Herbicidal activities of benzaldehyde at 80 kg $ha^{-1}$, to those plants were 20, 60 and 95%, respectively. Overall data showed that the herbicidal activity of cajuput essential oil was in part due to benzaldehyde.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.144-151
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to compare the change physico-chemical properties in the 10 grades of Burley leaf tobacco expanded by $CO_2$. The filling capacity of AB3T was increased from 5.44cc/g to 9.52cc/g with the expansion rate 75.0% and that of CD3W was increased from 5.57cc/g to 10.16cc/g with the expansion rate 82.4%. But the rate of cut tobacco longer than 3.36 mm decreased from 77.2% to 49.9% and from 67.3% to 41.2% in grade B1T and C1W, respectively. The contents of nicotine and total volatile base in the of expanded cut tobacco decreased 11.9% and 10.4% respectively. The contents of onganic acids, except oxalic and palmitic acid, essential oil, amino acids, nicotine, tar and ammonia contents in the cigarette smoke decreased by expansion procecs. These results suggest that expanded tobacco was very useful to make less irritative cigarettes.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.315-321
• /
• 2010

Malassezia furfur is an important causal factor for seborrheic dermatitis. Nowadays, the drugs available to treat this fungal infection are few. Several studies have documented the biological activity of essential oils. However, its antifungal properties are not completely understood, especially its anti-Malassezia activity. The aim of this study were to evaluate the effect of the plant essential oils on the growth of M. furfur using disk diffusion method and analyze by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) most active essential oils. In first screening, the 17 plant essential oils have possesses inhibitory activity against M. furfur at 2 mg/mL. Among the plant essential oils, oil of Citrus auranifoli was most active against M. furfur and its activity showed dose dependency. This anti-malassezial activity was high than that of itraconazole at 2 mg/mL. Oil of Citrus auranifolia also was phytochemically examined by GC-MS analysis, its main constituents were identified as limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene and terpinolene. It can be concluded that essential oils of Citrus auranifolia may have interesting applications to control fungal-derived diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.243-245
• /
• 2016

The insecticidal toxicities of seven essential oils against Ricania sp. nymph and adults, newly recorded pest, were evaluated using leaf-dipping and spray methods. At 72 h exposure time, the $LC_{50}$ values of the essential oils of Artemisia vulgaris, Anethum graveolens, Citrus paradisi, Melaleuca alternifolia, Melaleuca leucadendron, Neroli bigarade and Tagetes erecta were 251.02, 387.31, 286.21, 353.54, 275.64, 424.55, $165.68mg/cm^2$ when using the leaf dipping method against Ricania sp. nymphs, and 278.31, 402.11, 306.11, 379.64, 298.22, 459.56, $183.21mg/cm^2$ when using the spray method against Ricania sp. adults, respectively. These results indicate that the essential oil of the Tagetes erecta can be potentially used as new natural insecticidal agents against Ricania sp. nymph and adults.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.512-519
• /
• 1994

To investigate the effects of cultivation on the aroma characteristics of essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), experimental peppermints were cultivated with different treatments of field mulching, soil fertilization, and harvesting time. Aroma characteristics of the different mint oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS)/infrared spectroscopy (IR). Growth of peppermint with vinyl muching was faster in the early stage of cultivation, but became almost same in the harvest date. The higher amounts of rainfall and sunshine hour resulted in the better growth of stem and leaf of the peppermint. Contents of menthone in the essential oils from the peppermint cultivated in 1990 increased as harvest date delayed from late June 25 to late July 26 the same period. In 1991 menthone decreased from June 25 to August 5, but l-menthol increased from June 25 to august 5. The results indicated that the sunshing hour affected biosynthesis of the components. Contents of menthofuran increased significantly from early June to late July. The optimum cutting date resulting best oil production was late July 7 in 1991.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.494-503
• /
• 2015

This study was focused on the comparison of the variations in the yield and chemical composition of Chamaecyparis obtusa leaf oil obtained under different pressure conditions of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE), and by hydro-distillation. SCE was carried out varying the pressure in the range of 100~400 bar at $40^{\circ}C$. The chemical composition of C. obtusa leaf oils was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. The maximum yield of 4.4% (relative to the initial mass of oven dry mass) was obtained in the extraction under 300 bar pressure, which was higher than that of the hydro-distillation method (1.9%). The contents of sesquiterpenes in the extracts obtained by the SCE were higher than those of the essential oils of C. obtusa by the hydro-distillation. The sesquiterpenes in the SCE extracts made up approximately 39%~46% of the total, followed by monoterpenes, diterpene, and lignan. The contents of each constituent in the supercritical carbon dioxide extracts were varied on the extraction pressure. Therefore, these results showed that the extraction condition of SCE had significant effect on the yield of C. obtusa oils and its chemical composition.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.568-578
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves have been shown to exhibit hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects in rodents. This study investigated the effects of guava leaf extract on adipogenesis, glucose uptake, and lipolysis of adipocytes to examine whether the antidiabetic properties are mediated through direct effects on adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 25, 50, 100 ㎍/mL of methanol extract from guava leaf extract (GLE) or 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide as a control. Lipid accumulation was evaluated with Oil Red O Staining and AdipoRed assay. Immunoblotting was performed to measure the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Glucose uptake under basal or insulin-stimulated condition was measured using a glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Lipolysis from fully differentiated adipocytes was measured by free fatty acids release into the culture medium in the presence or absence of epinephrine. RESULTS: Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay have shown that GLE treatment reduced lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Mitotic clonal expansion, an early essential event for adipocyte differentiation, was inhibited by GLE treatment. GLE inhibited the expression of transcription factors involved in adipocyte differentiation, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 𝛄 (PPAR𝛄), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). FAS expression was also decreased while the phosphorylation of AMPK was increased by GLE treatment. In addition, GLE increased insulin-induced glucose uptake into adipocytes. In lipid-filled mature adipocytes, GLE enhanced epinephrine-induced lipolysis but reduced basal lipolysis dose-dependently. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that GLE inhibits adipogenesis and improves adipocyte function by reducing basal lipolysis and increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes, which can be partly associated with antidiabetic effects of guava leaves.