• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1980년도 학술대회지
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• pp.151-170
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• 1980

Physiological response of Panax ginseng var. atropurpureacaulo (purple stem variety, Pg) to light was reviewed through old literatures and recent experiments. Canopy structure, growth, pigment, leaf anatomy, disease occurence, transpiration, photosynthesis (PS), leaf saponin, photoperiodism and nutrient uptake were concerned. P. ginseng var. xanthocarpus (yellow berry variety, Px) and Panax quinquefolius(Pq) were compared with Pg if possible. Compensation point(Cp) increased with increase of light and ranged from 110 to 150 at $20^{\circ}C$ but from 140 to 220 at $30^{\circ}C$ with 4 to 15 Klux indicating occurence of light and temperature-dependent high photorespiration. Characteristics of Korea ginseng to hate high temperature was well accordance with an observation 2000 years ago. Korea ginseng showed lower Cp and appeared to be more tolerant to high light intensity and temperature than American sheng although the latter showed greater PS, stomata frequency and conductance, chlorophyll and carotenoids. Px showed lower PS than Pg probably due to higher Cp. Total leaf saponin was higher in leaves grown under high light. Ratio or diol saponin and triol saponin(PT/PD) decreased with increase of light intensity during growing mainly due to decrease of ginsenoside $Rg_1$ but increase of ginsenoside Rd. Leaves of Pg and Px had $Rg_1$ but no $Rb_3$ which was only found as much as $20\%$ of total in Pq leaves, and decreased with increase of light intensity. Re increased in Pg and Px but decreased in Pq with increase of light. PT/PD in leaf ranged 1.0-1.5 in Pg and Px but around 0.5 in Pq. Korea ginseng has Yang characteristics(tolerant to high light and temperature), cultured under Eum(shade) condition and long been used for Yang efficacy (to build up energy) while Pq was quite contrary. Traditional low light $intensity(3-8\%)$ for Korea ginseng culture appeared to be strongly related to historical unique quality. Effect of light quality and photoperiodism was not well known. Experiences are long but scientific knowledge is short for production and quality assessment of ginseng. Recent scientific knowledge of ginseng should learn wisdom from old experiences.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.305-313
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• 2019

Background: This research aims to study the effect of climate change on the phenology, growth, and physiological traits of Silene capitata Kom., a Korean endangered species II. This study increased $CO_2$ concentration in a closed glass greenhouse, with the daily mean temperature and $CO_2$ concentration respectively being $4.61^{\circ}C$ and 93.63 ppm higher than the outside temperature (ambient conditions, control). The seeds of S. capitata were sown in control and treatment environments in March 2013 while seedlings were transplanted into individual pots in May 2013. To research phenological changes, the first day of the flowering and ripening of the plants transplanted in 2013 and first day of leafing in 2014 were observed. The growth and physiological responses of mature leaves were also studied in 2013. Results: There was no difference in the first day of flowering, but the first day of ripening was earlier in the treatment group than the control group. There was no difference in the number of rosette leaves between the two groups, but leaf area was wider in the treatment group than the control group. Transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were higher in the treatment group than the control group, chlorophyll content decreased, and photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were the same for both groups. As a result of simple regression analysis among the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency, stomatal conductance increased when transpiration rate increased. Stomatal conductance increased with photosynthetic rate in the control unlike in the treatment group. The photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency increased with transpiration rate in the control group unlike in the treatment group. Furthermore, water use efficiency increased as photosynthetic rate increased in both groups. Conclusion: Due to high $CO_2$ concentration, the photosynthetic rate was no longer controlled by the stomata, which appeared to suppress the excessive production of photosynthetic products by reducing chlorophyll content. It is believed that the phenological responses of S. capitata under climate change conditions will advance and that stable growth will be difficult in regions lacking moisture due to the high transpiration rate.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2008

본 연구는 고추냉이 수경재배시 유리온실내 무차광, 10, 30, 70% 차광률이 고추냉이 생육 및 광합성 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 광도가 증가할수록 엽록소 형광특성 ETR은 함께 증가하였으며, 무차광, 10%, 30%차광간의 차이가 없었으나, 70%차광 처리구는 다른 처리구에 비해 현저히 낮게 나타났다. Yield와 qP는 광도 증가와 함께 감소하였으며, 70% 차광 처리구에서 감소폭이 컸다. 광합성과 기공전도도는 10%차광에서 가장 높았으며, 증산율은 무차광 처리구에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 고추냉이 엽면적과 생장량은 10%차광에서 가장 높았으며, 엽수는 무차광에서 가장 많고 차광률이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 엽장, 엽폭은 무차광, 10-30% 차광간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 엽병장은 무차광에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 뿌리의 생장은 70% 차광을 제외하고 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 70% 차광에서 고추냉이 잎과 뿌리의 생장이 현저히 감소하였다 고추냉이를 11월에 정식하여 순환식 담액수경 방식으로 5개월간 재배한 결과 시설내의 차광률은 엽중, 엽병중, 엽면적과 광합성 특성 등을 고려할 때 10% 차광($700{\mu}molm^{-2}s^{-1}$)이 잎 생산에 적합하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2000

This study was conducted to evaluate the drought tolerance of Japonica and Indica rice cultivars during germinating and seedling stages by using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. Each 5 cultivars of Japonica and Indica were cultured from 14 days after seeding(DAS) to 21 DAS using the PEG solution in a moderate water potential (-0.63 MPa). The lengths of radicle and plumule during the germinating stage were inhibitied by the PEG treatment to about 50% and 85%, respectively. The application of PEG to the seedling of two rice types caused to inhibit the plant height and leaf age about 23 % and 10%, respectively. Shoot and root dry weights by PEG treatment were inhibited more severely in Japonica than those in Indica. The difference on delaying of leaf area expansion between both rice types was not found with treatment of PEG, while the leaf color was increased in both Japonica and Indica by 19.9% and 9.2%, respectively. The average photosynthetic ability was inhibited more in Japonica to 36.0% than did Indica to 27.9%. The stomatal conductance was severely affected by PEG treatment, and the degree was varied in both rice types, ranged with 80-85% in Japonica and 29.3-81.6% in Indica. These results indicate there is little relationship between seed germination and seedling growth under the stress of low water potential.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the effects of enhanced light transmission on plant growth, photosynthetic ability, and disease tolerance to leaf blight, anthracnose in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Araliacease family) during the early growth stage (April to June). The photosynthetic ratio, stomatal conductance, and stem diameter of plants grown under a shade net with 15% light transmission rate showed an increasing trend compared to the control plants (5% light transmission rate) although the growth of the aerial parts were not influenced significantly. Plant height, stem length, and leaf length of treated plants were not significantly different from those of the control plants. Root parameters, such as root length, diameter, and weight of treated plants increased significantly compared to the control. Yield performance ($187.4kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) of treated plants was 55.5% higher than that of the control ($150.4kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$). Additionally, disease severity scores of treated plants were lower than those of the control plants, revealing higher survival rates. To retain high yield potential and enhance the level of disease tolerance in ginseng, we suggest the increase of light transmission rate during the early growth stage.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2018

Appropriate water level is the primary factor for the optimal yield of crop plants. The required water level varies according to the variety of the crops. In the present study, we investigated the optimum requirement of groundwater level(GWL) to grow sorghum and adzuki bean under paddy field soil. Here, we cultivated sorghum and adzuki bean using lysimeter filled with paddy soil under GWL 0 cm(NT) and GWL(20, 40 cm) where GWL 20 cm is maintained as a waterlogging condition. The plant growth promoting attributes were measured on the first day after treatment(0 DAT), 10 DAT and 20 DAT. The results showed that the growth parameter such as shoot length, leaf length, leaf width, and stem thickness of both sorghum and adzuki bean were constantly increased and were found higher at GWL 40 cm(except stem thickness and leaf width in sorghum at 20 DAT). The physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance were also found higher at GWL 40 cm in all DAT. In addition, the elements like P and K contents in adzuki bean, and Ca content in sorghum were constantly increased and was found higher in GWL 40 cm at all DAT. These results suggest that the GWL of 40 cm is appropriate for production of sorghum and adzuki bean especially in case of paddy soil.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.266-274
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• 2010

본 연구는 토마토의 토양 수분결핍조건에서의 생장과 생리적인 반응을 근본적으로 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 토양에 두가지 수분조건, 심한 수분결핍(-100kPa)과, 대조구인 약한 수분결핍 처리(-25kPa)는 실시간 토양수분함량을 모니터링을 할 수 있는 토양센서와 관수 모듈을 갖춘 micro-irrigation 시스템을 고안, 온실에서 유지되었다. 토양수분함량은 30일동안 변동되었으며, -25kPa로 맞춰진 처리구는 평균 -47kPa, -100kPa 처리구는 평균 -119kPa로 차이를 나타냈다. 이 두 가지 다른 토양수분상태에서 자란 식물체 사이의 생육을 비교해 본 결과 수분결핍상태(-100kPa)에서 자란 식물체가 대조구인 약한 수분결핍(-25kPa) 처리구에 비해 절간수의 차이없이 신장이 유의하게 감소하였으며 건물중의 축적은 더 높게 나타났다. 또한 건물중 당 엽면적의 차이 없이, 엽면적과 엽건중이 수분 결핍이 약한 처리구에 비해 수분결핍이 심한 처리구가 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 생육상의 차이는 심한 수분스트레스가 엽두께의 변화없이 생체중의 증가와 엽면적 확보를 통해 토마토의 수분스트레스에 적응을 야기시킬 수 있음을 제시했다. 수분결핍에 따른 토마토 생육기간동안, 생리적변화를 조사한 결과, -100kPa 처리구에서 자란 토마토가 대조구인 -25kPa 처리구에 비해 엽의 상대수분함량의 증가와 잎의 삼투압이 낮게 나타났다. 이는 수분스트레스아래서 토마토의 더 나은 수분상태를 유지하기 위한 생리적인 적응을 설명해준다. 아울러 심한 수분스트레스는 대조구에 비해 PSII 활성과 수분활용도를 증가되었으며, 낮은 기공저항도를 나타내었다. 처리간의 광합성의 차이는 없었으며, 토마토 과실의 수와 생육량의 차이는 없었다. 이러한 결과는 토마토 'Picco'가 엽형태의 변형과 삼투압, 수분활용도와 PSII의 활성을 통해 수분결핍상태에서 적응할 수 있게 만들 능력을 보여준다. 본 연구결과에서 나타난 토마토의 수분스트레스 적응 메커니즘은 토마토의 가뭄저항성 스크린에 있어서 고려되어져야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2007

참외 발효과 발생에 영향을 미치는 증산과 관련된 몇 가지 요인을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 참외의 증산율은 지온이 높고 토양수분 함량이 많을수록 높았으며, 광도가 약하여 온도가 낮을 경우 증산율과 기공 전도도가 낮아졌고, 저온 다습한 기상조건에 의한 증산의 억제는 식물체와 대기사이의 증기압기울기가 낮아지는 것으로 생각된다. 발효과 발생은 과실의 비대가 느린 착색기 이후에 토양수분이 -10 kPa로 많고, 저온 다습하여 참외와 대기 사이에 증기압기울기가 낮게 형성되어 증산이 억제될 때 발생하였다. 따라서 참외의 발효과 발생은 착색기 이후 참외의 과실 비대가 지연되는 반면 지온이 높아 뿌리로부터 지상부로 수분의 공급이 원활하고, 저온 다습한 기상조건하에 수분의 증산이 억제되어 수분이 태좌부로 유입되면 발효과가 발생되는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2009

The increased $CO_2$ and temperature (700 ${\mu}$mol.$mol^{-1}$ $CO_2$ and $30^{\circ}C$) was compared with ambient growth conditions (400 ${\mu}$mol.$mol^{-1}$ $CO_2$ and $25^{\circ}C$) in hot pepper. Gas exchange measurements, including net photosynthesis ($P_{net}$) and stomatal conductance ($g_s$), were taken according to treatment in fields of peppers grown in Suwon and Asan during 2008. The increased treatment $P_{net}$ by 35-45% throughout the season and was statistically significant in t-tests (p < 0.001); however, it did not significantly affect $g_s$. In addition, the gas exchange parameters in sun and shade leaves were measured. The difference between the sun and shade leaves was much greater than that between the elevated and ambient treatments, especially at harvest. Four commercial cultivars of hot pepper, Chunhasangsa, Ryukang, Manitta, and Olympic, were also compared by ANOVA. Chunhasangsa had the highest $P_{net}$, which decreased by 30% from the vegetative to the harvest stage. Based on a factorial design, the effect of the increased $CO_2$ and temperature was assessed based on the temperature, $CO_2$, and their interaction effects. Orthogonal contrasts showed that the effects of temperature on $P_{net}$ and $g_s$ were significant, whereas $CO_2$ and their interactions were not.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 2003

풋고추 플러그 육묘시에 인산의 최적 시비농도를 구명하기 위하여 32구 플러그 트레이에 TK2를 채워서 종자를 파종한 다음 인산을 농도별로 처리하여 식물체의 생육과 광합성에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. ‘녹광’과 ‘꽈리’ 두 품종의 생장은 표준 농도인 1.0배로 처리하였을 때에 엽면적과 초장의 생장이 가장 촉진 되었으며, 1.5배 이상의 농도에서는 농도가 높을수록 생육이 억제되었다. 반면 식물체의 총 건물중은 인산의 농도가 증가할수록 무거웠다. 엽록소의 함량은 ‘꽈리’ 보다 ‘녹광’이 더 높았는데, 0.5배 이상의 농도에서는 농도간의 차이가 없었다. 광합성율은‘녹광’의 경우에는 1.0배, ‘꽈리’의 경우에는 0.5배의 농도로 시비하였을 때에 가장 높았으며, 식물체의 생장과 마찬가지로 고 농도의 인산시비는 두 품종 모두 광합성을 억제시켰다. 기공전도도와 수분증발율은 ‘녹광’의 경우에는 1.9배까지 인산의 농도를 높일수록 증가하였으나, 1.0배 이상의 고농도에서는 감소하였다.