• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2017

Based on the super elastic properties of the shape memory alloy (SMA) and the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric (PZT) ceramics, a kind of hybrid semi-active control device was designed and made, its mechanical properties test was done under different frequency and different voltage. The local search ability of genetic algorithm is poor, which would fall into the defect of prematurity easily. A kind of adaptive immune memory cloning algorithm(AIMCA) was proposed based on the simulation of clone selection and immune memory process. It can adjust the mutation probability and clone scale adaptively through the way of introducing memory cell and antibody incentive degrees. And performance indicator based on the modal controllable degree was taken as antigen-antibody affinity function, the optimization analysis of damper layout in a space truss structure was done. The structural seismic response was analyzed by applying the neural network prediction model and T-S fuzzy logic. Results show that SMA and PZT friction composite damper has a good energy dissipation capacity and stable performance, the bigger voltage, the better energy dissipation ability. Compared with genetic algorithm, the adaptive immune memory clone algorithm overcomes the problem of prematurity effectively. Besides, it has stronger global searching ability, better population diversity and faster convergence speed, makes the damper has a better arrangement position in structural dampers optimization leading to the better damping effect.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8617-8622
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• 2014

The goal of this study was to establish paclitaxel resistant MCF-7 cells, as in vitro model, to identify the molecular mechanisms leading to acquired chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. Resistant cells were developed by stepwise increasing exposure to paclitaxel. Gene expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 along with protein levels of caspase-8 and caspase-9 were evaluated in two resistant cell lines (MCF-7/Pac64 and MCF-7/Pac5 nM). Morphological modifications in paclitaxel resistance cells were examined by light microscopy and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). As an important indicator of resistance to chemotheraputic agents, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio showed a significant increase in both MCF-7/Pac5nM and MCF-7/Pac 64nM cells (p<0.001), while caspase-9 levels were decreased (p<0.001) and caspase-8 was increased (p<0.001). FACS analysis demonstrated that MCF-7/Pac64 cells were smaller than MCF-7 cells with no difference in their granularity. Our results support the idea that paclitaxel induces apoptosis in a mitochondrial-dependent manner. Identifying breast cancer patients with a higher Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase 9 level and then inhibiting the activity of these proteins may improve the efficacy of chemotheraputic agents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.101-105
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• 2016

The number of deaths is often measured to monitor the population health status and priority of health problems. However, number of years of life lost (YLL) is a more appropriate indicator in some cases. We have calculated the YLL of adult cancers and its trend over the past few years in Yazd to provide planners with baseline data. Data obtained from death registration system were used to calculate the YLL, based on each individual's age at death, and the standardized expected YLL method was applied with a discount rate of 0.03, an age weight of 0.04, and a correction factor of 0.165. All data were analyzed and prepared in Epi6 and Excel 2007. A total of 3,850 death records were analyzed. Some 550 patients in Yazd province aged ${\geq}20$ die annually due to cancer (male: female ratio 1.3). The average ages at death in lung, CNS, breast cancer and leukemia cases were 68.5, 59, 58.7 and 61, respectively. The age group of 40-59 with 21 % had the highest cancer mortality percentage. Premature cancer deaths have caused 40,753 YLL (5,823 YLL annually). Females lose on average more life years to cancer than do men (11.6 vs 9.8 years). Lung cancer (12.1%), CNS tumors (11.7%) and leukemia (11.4 %) were the leading causes terms of YLL due to all cancers in both sexes. From 2004 to 2010, cancer-caused YLL as a fraction of all YLL increased from 12.8 to 15.2 %. This study can help in the assessment of health care needs and prioritization. Cancer is the major cause of deaths and the trend is increasing. The use of YLLs is a better index for measurement of premature mortality for ranking of diseases than is death counts. Longer periods of observation will make these trends more robust and will help to evaluate and develop, better public health interventions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.91-93
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• 2003

It has been estimated that the equivalent of approximately $US 50 billion has been spent on research on the behavior and fate of pesticides in the environment since Rachel Carson published “Silent Spring” in 1962. Much of the resulting knowledge has been summarized explicitly in computer algorithms in a variety of empirical, deterministic, and probabilistic simulation models. These models describe and predict the transport, degradation and resultant concentrations of pesticides in various compartments of the environment during and after application. In many cases the known errors of model predictions are large. For this reason they are typically designed to be “conservative”, i.e., err on the side of over-prediction of concentrations in order to err on the side of safety. These predictions are then compared with toxicity data, from tests of the pesticide on a series of standard representative biota, including terrestrial and aquatic indicator species and higher animals (e.g., wildlife and humans). The models' predictions are good enough in some cases to provide screening of those compounds which are very unlikely to do harm, and to indicate those compounds which must be investigated further. If further investigation is indicated a more detailed (and therefore more complicated) model may be employed to give a better estimate, or field experiments may be required. A model may be used to explore “what if” questions leading to possible alternative pesticide usage patterns which give lower potential environmental concentrations and allowable exposures. We are currently at a maturing stage in this research where the knowledge base of pesticide behavior in the environmental is growing more slowly than in the past. However, innovative uses are being made of the explosion in available computer technology to use models to take ever more advantage of the knowledge we have. In this presentation, current developments in the state of the art as practiced in North America and Europe will be presented. Specifically, we will look at the efforts of the ‘Focus’ consortium in the European Union, and the ‘EMWG’ consortium in North America. These groups have been innovative in developing a process and mechanisms for discussion amongst academic, agriculture, industry and regulatory scientists, for consensus adoption of research advances into risk management methodology.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.149-161
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to present the direction of improving the Korean Government 2.0 services by evaluating the quality of the service and analyzing its effects on user satisfaction. Recently, on the extension of e-government, Government 2.0, which is the government service combined with Web 2.0, has emerged as a new paradigm. However, there are very few studies on the impact of Government 2.0 on general society and industries. Especially, there is little or no practical analysis and evaluation for the quality of Government 2.0 service. Because the service quality is typically used as the leading indicator of user satisfaction, this study applies it to the Government 2.0 for the validation of the existingtheory in a particular subject. The service quality was measured by the tangibles, reliability, responsiveness of revised SERVQUAL, the efficiency and security of the E-S-QUAL. Inconclusion, this study has empirically significant implications for providing a theoretical foundation for measuring the quality of the Government 2.0 service.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.12B
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• pp.1537-1547
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• 2011

With the development of ICT technology, the broadcasting and communication networks of Korea have been bigger, faster and more reliable and Korea has become one of the leading countries in the ICT industry. Through the international ICT indices, we can see different economies' ICT industry competitiveness at a glance and high ranking in such indices can make national brand image improve. However almost all the existing international ICT indices mainly focused on the telecommunication industry, not on the broadcasting industry. This study thus aims to develop a new index focusing on broadcasting and communication networks. This new index is composed of 3 sectors such as access, usage and environment with different weight respectively and using objective indicators. This study also aims to contribute to improve Korea's national brand image by developing new systematic and effective broadcasting and communication index.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.2 s.27
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• pp.61-68
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• 1976

Leading soybean cultivars such as Kwanggyo, Yugu No.3, Dongbugtae, Gangrim, and Eundaedu were heavily diseased by a virus in Korea. The disease was most severe in the northern provinces where soybean mosaic virus also occurrs, but the disease has also been observed in other provinces where soybean diseases are less prevalent. The disease symptoms were similar to bud blight caused by tobacco ringspot virus; but this was not confirmed in inoculation tests on indicator plants and serological experiments. There were some differences in varietal susceptibility to the disease, with symptom variation depending on the soybean cultivar and source of inoculm. Disease symptoms on infected soybean plants were mottling and necrosis. The present results, therefore, indicate some strains of SMV or a mixture of legume viruses may or may not be responsible for the disease.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.177-187
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• 2018

In this study, we examined Korea's exports and imports trends to the world and Korea's exports and imports trends to Vietnam. We also examined exports and imports trends about China, USA, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan in Korea's major trading nation. The purpose of this study is to examine how much Korea's exports and imports of Vietnam have increased and to compare how much it has risen compared to other major countries. To this end, we used imports and exports data for Korea, China, USA, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan using data from January 2000 to February 2018 for 218 months. During the past 218 months, Korea's exports to Vietnam have increased rapidly, leading to Korea's exports to the world. Korea's exports to Vietnam showed a 10 times increase rate compared to Korea's exports to the world. Vietnam has grown to be an important export country in Korea.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2017

Background: Physical activity (PA) is ranked as a leading health indicator and the workplace is a key setting to promote PA. The purpose of this study was to examine how goal-setting and exercise self-efficacy (SE) during a health promotion program influenced PA level among Japanese workers. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we surveyed 281 employees. The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess PA level. Exercise SE was assessed using a partially modified version of Oka's exercise SE scale. Personal goals were assessed as the total numbers of "yes" responses to five items regarding "details of personal goals to perform PA". A mediational model was used to examine whether exercise SE mediates between the number of personal goals and PA level. Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.3 years, 76.2% were men, and the most common occupational category was software engineer (30.6%). The average PA level per week exceeded the recommended level in 127 participants (45.2%). One hundred and eighty-four participants (65.5%) set some form of concrete personal goal to perform PA. The relationship between the number of personal goals and PA level was mediated by exercise SE. Conclusion: Our study showed that exercise SE mediates goal-setting and increases PA. The results suggest that the components of PA promotion programs should be tailored to enhance participants' confidence in performing PA.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of the ICAM-l levels in serum and CSF with cerebral vasospasm in early aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH] patients. Methods : A prospective analysis was performed in thirty consecutive patients who underwent early surgery for intracranial aneurysmal SAH. The serum and CSF were obtained daily through the indwelling arterial lines and intraoperative ventriculostomy, or cisternal drain for 4 consecutive days after surgery. The ICAM-1 levels in serum and CSF samples were measured via quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : The mean concentration of serum in aneurysmal SAH patients was 207.89ng/ml compared with 132.25ng/ml in controls. The mean concentration of CSF in aneurysmal SAH patients was 76.39ng/ml compared with 3.96ng/ml in controls. There were no significant differences between serum and CSF ICAM-1 level with regards to clinical characteristics in patients with aneurysmal SAH [P>0.05]. However, CSF ICAM-1 levels increased significantly in patients with vasospasm compared with those without vasospasm [P<0.05]. Conclusion : The major result of this study shows that ICAM-1 is increased in CSF after early aneurysmal SAH and that this increase in ICAM-1 has correlation with cerebral vasospasm. Further study is needed to determine whether ICAM-1 levels may be indicator in the pathogenesis of important events leading to cerebral vasospasm.