• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Clearcutting has been the dominant harvesting method in British Columbia (representing 95% of the total area harvested annually). However forest managers are increasingly recommending the use of alternative silvicultural systems and harvest methods, including various types of partial cutting, to meet ecological and social objectives. In this study we compared harvesting productivity and harvesting costs between treatments through detailed and shift level time studies in 300-350 year-old Interior Cedar-Hemlock stands in British Columbia, Canada. Recommendations for improving operational planning/layout and the implementation of clearcut and partial cutting silvicultural systems were made. Harvesting costs varied in the ground-based clearcut treatments from $10.95/$m^3$ - $15.96/$m^3$ and $16.09/$m^3$ - $16.93/$m^3$ in the group selection treatments. The ground-based group retention treatment had a cost of $13.39/$m^3$, while the cable clearcut had a cost of $15.70/$m^3$. An understanding of the traditional and alternative wood products that could be derived from the harvested timber was imperative to increasing the amount of merchantable volume and reducing the corresponding harvesting costs. Stand damage was greatest in the group selection treatments; however, mechanized felling showed an increase in stand damage over manual felling while grapple skidding showed a decrease in skidding damage compared to line skidding.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2010

First appeared in the 1970s, the underground shopping mall has been spreading across the country, and there reportedly exist 77 malls in the 2010. After over 30 decades operation, many underground shopping malls are now under the planning phase for renovation in many cities. This study considers the renovation issue of the underground shopping mall in the perspective of spatial re-configuration. A case is taken from Kangnam TerminalUnderground Shopping Mall in Seoul for detailed observation and suggestion. The monotonous and confusingspatial layout of the existing mall is investigated by observation methods. Based on the observation, a modifiedplan is suggested and evaluated by means of computer simulation program, Depth Map. The program mainly deals with visual network analysis in order to quantify the optical exposure in a given space. It is argued in this paper that the enhanced visual connectedness could affect the pedestrian performance positively in the shopping mall, and this leads to an easy and quick access to each shops in users' stand point. It is thought that this configurational solution for the remodelling of a specific case would be an effective reference for other malls in the country which are facing the similar problems.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.183-191
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• 2015

The servicescape of a hotel means the physical environment in which a service is produced and consumed. The users perceive the quality of the service and their inner response affects their satisfaction or behavior such as repurchase. Servicescape has been addressed mainly in marketing as a strategic element of service marketing research. The aim of this research is to find out which dimensions of servicescape is required in hotel facilities and to identify servicescape of tourist hotel in Seoul. For this study, questionnaire survey with facilities users and site research were used. Servicescape factors were derived cleanliness, convenience, aesthetics and ambience. According to case study, the most significant servicescape need for hotel facilities was cleanliness. Therefore, facility managers must continuously manage the facilities. In terms of convenience, layout of guest bathrooms and furniture was the important indicator of servicescape. Facility aesthetics play an important role as differentiation from competitors. By providing a customized design, customers choose hotels that best satisfy their needs. It is important to recognize that ambience can be controlled to a large extent by facility management.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.39-44
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• 2013

As the use of electric vehicles perspectively increases, infrastructures for charging car batteries need to be properly planned for satisfying new requirements. This study aimed at theoretically investigating the relative laws, size of existing parking lots, and diverse car sizes for suggesting parking places for electric vehicles. In addition, potential problems for changing existing parking lots to new parking lots for electric vehicles were thoroughly considered. Based on the problem recognition, the feasibility, in particular, of the change of existing parking place to new place equipped with electricity charging systems was investigated. The comprehensive reviews and surveys revealed that additional systems for charging electricity need to be developed to be suspended on the ceiling for existing parking lots in order to prevent changing current layout of the space. This system will alleviate the perspective problems when the charging systems are located on the floor such as contamination, electric shock, and damage by cars. Further study will be followed for testing performance of the suggested systems in the actual parking lots.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.1129-1135
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• 1993

For successful implementation of robotic painting system, a structured design and analysis procedure is necessary. In designing robotic system, both functional and economical feasibility should be investigated. As the robotization is complicated task involving implementation details(such as robot selection, accessory design, and spatial layout) together with operation details, a computerized method should be sought. However, any conventional robotic design system and off-line programming system cannot accomodate such a need. In this research, we develop an interactive design support system for robotization of a cycle painting line. With the developed system called SPRPL(Simulation Package for Robotic Painting Line) users can design the painting objects(via FRAME module), select robot model (ROBOT), design the part hanger (FEEDER), and arrange the workcell. After motion programming (MOTION), the design is evaluated in terms of: a) workspace analysis, b) coating thickness analysis, and c) cycle time (ANALYSIS). By iterative design and evaluation procedure, a feasible and efficient robotic design can be attained. As the developed system has motion planning and analysis features, it can be also used as an off-line robot programming system in operation stage. Including the details of each module, this paper also presents a case study made for an actual painting line.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

A nations' cultural heritage embodies its intellectual and spiritual contributions to its civilization of mankind. Cultural properties, whether tangible or intangible, represent both the essence and the basis of national cultures. Both the Philippines and South Korea's cultural heritages have survived various unfortunate chapters of their long histories. This study's purpose is to explore and evaluate the phenomenon of the architecture of Hahoe village in Andong city, Korea and Vigan city of Ilocos Sur, Philippines and to understand and cherish the cultural heritage of both countries. The historic city of Vigan has a unique architecture that blend Ilocano, Filipino, Chinese and Spanish styles in a tropical Asian setting, with a typical Spanish colonial urban layout as specified by the Ley Delas Indias. Hahoe village also represents a masterpiece of human creation and exhibit an important interchange of human values in architecture, monumental arts, town planning and landscape design. Though diverse in milieu, Hahoe village and Vigan city share a common phenomenon which is architecture that is called cultural heritage.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

Purpose: The research is focused on the 25th King Cheoljong's mother's parents' traditional House in Ganghwa-do, for finding out how the surrounding natural environment was considered with Pungsu, a traditional ecological architectural science in case of site selection and architectural planning by the relative of royal family of Joseon period. Method: The study is processed as follows. Human Environment of the region where the house is located, is analyzed in chapter 2. Feature of mountain expressed as dragon and four important hills of the house are analyzed in chapter 3, Highly regarded factors for site selection by the scholar of the Realist School of Confucianism such as wind environment, the front and back of the Hyunmubong and building orientation are analyzed in chapter 4. Finally Pungsu applied in architectural space is analyzed in chapter 5. Result: The house considered Pungsu to some extent, but it shows the appearance contrary to the Pungsu in a certain part in order to show authority and proud as the house of the relatives of the King. It can be seen that the degree of application of Pungsu may be different depending on the will of the building owner.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2 s.109
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• pp.111-121
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• 2005

The Seoul Housing Corporation pronounced an alternative design competition and a bidding for Eunpyeong New Town in December of 2004. At first many construction companies were interested in the first New Town Project. But at last a few companies had proposed the alternative design and construction cost. This project needed a conjunction of design ideas and technology know-hows. And the client wanted the brand power of construction company. Ultimately the Corporation hoped that the first New Town Project will end up with high quality successfully. This competition had started with the original construction drawings. Then it needed some alternative ideas and the lowest cost. There were two drawings of non changeable part and changeable part. Non changeable parts are structure like housing unit plan, underground parking lots. Changeable parts are outdoor layout, interior design and building facade. So we tried all ideas of landscape technology and design principles within limited guidelines. The author applied new technology like tilted rooftop greening and sustained container greening on high-rise apartment house. This green technology will be the first trial in Seoul and in the world as well. Daewoo Corporation have accumulated greening technology through the researches by national funding since 2002. Through this New Town Project the green technology will go forward step by step.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.51-59
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to suggest the design guide-lines for the community center through the analysis of users' satisfaction on the community facilities and programs. This study was approached by using theoretical investigation, a field survey and a questionnaire survey. The field survey was analyzed the current situations by conducting a housing managers' interview and viewing a blueprint of the community center. The questionnaire survey was tested by examining five different apartment complexes of over 500 households in Gwang-ju, which were all built between 2005 and 2007, 268 users were interviewed for the questionnaire survey. After all the questionnaires were collected, the data was coded and analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. Statistics used from data analysis were frequencies, means, standard deviations, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and correlation analysis. To conclusion, the satisfaction and usage of community facilities and programs shows higher for the indoor exercise/sports; such as, yoga, golf, and health programs than others. There is no strong correlation between the location and layout of community facility in apartment complex. However, this study could be a reference data when planning a new community center where plans to have community facilities and programs to satisfy its future users.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 2015

Purpose: Subway in Seoul, Korea is an important urban mass transportation system as it carries more than 4 million people a day. To support this important mission, subway entrances were designed and installed to maximize accessibility to the stations. However, a uniform plan by the national government guided quantity and layout of the subway entrances. Therefore, the plan did not consider unique characteristics of each station area and reorganization of the subway entrance system is required to improve pedestrian environment. Method: This study grouped the subway entrances into specific patterns to propose reorganizing schemes. The authors conducted field surveys, examined case studies and proposed an entrance reorganizing plan for each type. Result: The study recommends subway entrances be installed inside adjacent building when large commercial or office complexes are nearby. The authors proposed installing a bridge connecting the stations and adjacent buildings for elevated entrances. This would be only possible when there are commercial or office facilities nearby with enough floor space. The study summarizes the pros and cons of each solution. To translate our proposals into realities, various incentives should be given to building or land owners. This study made suggestions as to which kinds of incentives exist and be effective in a range of situations.