• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.713-719
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• 2006

The effect of dietary iodine and selenium supplementation, alone or in combination, on peripheral blood lymphocyte function was determined in laying hens. Eight-hundred-and-sixty-four New-Loman laying hens were randomly allotted into 12 dietary treatments with different inclusion levels of iodine (0, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg), selenium (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) or their combinations for 24 weeks. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation index, concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation index, peroxide enzyme activity and phagocytosis to neutral red particles were tested. There were significant differences in LPS stimulation index, ConA stimulation index, peroxide enzyme activity and phagocytosis to neutral red particles in different iodine or selenium supplementation levels (p<0.05). The highest iodine and selenium supplementation both resulted in highest LPS-/ConA-stimulation indices (p<0.05). However, when iodine was lower than 0.2 mg/kg, the additional effect of different levels of selenium did not always result in significant differences in these indices. The results indicated that iodine and selenium may affect immunity in laying hens and, when the iodine level in the laying hen is lower than 0.2 mg/kg, a selenium allowance higher than 0.1 mg/kg may be necessary to improve immunity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1258-1262
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• 1999

With an attempt to elucidating the lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks, thirty ducks at growing (8 weeks of age) and laying periods (10 weeks after the onset of laying) were examined, respectively. The ducks were randomly allocated into ad libitum feeding and 3-day fasting groups, to investigate their in vitro hepatocytes lipogenesis capacity and adipocytes lipolysis rate. Results indicate that (1) the capacity of hepatocytes incorporation of glucose and acetate into total lipid and metabolite of $^{14}CO_2$ production during the laying period was greater than during the growing period. Approximately 50% of the glucose or acetate converted into triacylglycerol (TG) by the hepatocytes were recovered as fatty acid during the growing period, while it was 65-70% during the laying period. (2) Acetate used for lipogenesis ability was superior to glucose in both periods. (3) The adipocytes lipolysis rate was increased significantly (p<0.05) by fasting. In contrast, the capacity of incorporated glucose or acetate into total lipid, triacylglycerol, fatty acid and glycerol by hepatocytes was reduced significantly (p<0.05) by fasting.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2004

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing earthworm meal (EWM) on the performance of spent laying hens after induced molting, and fatty acid composition in egg yolks. A total of 90 laying hens at 73 weeks of age were fed the experimental diets containing 0.0% (Control) and 0.2% of EWM for 4 weeks. Eggs were collected and weighted every day and Egg production and feed conversion were recorded every week during the experimental period. However fatty acid composition of egg yolk were measured at last week of experimental period. An amount of feed intake increased by supplemental with EMW except for Erst week experimental period (P<0.05). When 76 and 77 week of age, egg production and daily egg mass were improved by the supplemented with EWM (P<0.01), but average egg weight was not different when fed a EWM, therefore feed/egg mass was significantly decreased when fed a EWM. The ratio of egg yolk n-6/n-3 fatty acids contents was significantly improved fed a EMW (P<0.05). It is concluded that supplementing 0.2% of earthworm meal in the spent laying hens after induced molting was fast in recover of physical strength, therefore improves laying performance.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

The present study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the viability of layings (delivery of fertilized and unfertilized eggs) with egg laying duration of elite bivoltine races. The temporal aspect of mating in terms of egg layings duration may also have impact on the number of eggs laid, pattern of egg laying and their viability. After different interval of egg laying duration, moth of Bombyx mori are removed from oviposition site after they have completed egg laying. Present investigation confirmed that there are no significant difference in relation to the occurrence of viable (fertilized) and non viable (unfertilized) eggs and duration of oviposition. Percentage of unfertilized eggs varied from 2.41 to 3.42% in case of CSR-3, 2.59 to 3.62% in case of CSR-6, 2.82 to 3.66% in case of CSR-16 and 2.58 to 3.40% in case of CSR-17 in different treatments. The occurrence of unfertilized eggs are also not significant in the different treatments specially in those eggs which were laid 24 hours after oviposition and kept for 4 months hibernation schedule.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.29-34
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• 2004

Numerical and experimental studies on pipeline laying for intake Deep Ocean Water are carried out. In the numerical study, an implicit finite difference algorithm is employed for three-dimensional pipe equations. Fluid non-linearity and bending stiffness are considered and solved by Newton-Raphson iteration. Seabed is modeled as elastic foundation with linear spring and damper. Top tension and general configuration of pipeline at a depth are predicted. It is found that control for tension to prevent being large curvature of pipeline is needed on th steep seabed and, it should be considered 23.5 ton of tension at a top of pipe on the process of pipeline laying at 400m of water depth The largest top tension of pipe on condition of the beam sea during pipe laying is shown from the experiment. The results of this study can be contributed to the design of pipeline laying for upwelling deep ocean water.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권3_spc호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Enteromorpha powder supplementation on reproduction-related hormones and genes in the late laying period of Zi geese. Methods: A total of 312 (1-year-old) Zi geese with similar laying rate were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates each, each with 21 female geese and 5 male geese. The control group was fed with a basal diet and the test group was fed with a diet containing 3% Enteromorpha powder. The trial period lasted for 7 weeks. Results: Our results showed that the laying rate was improved in the test group at each week of trial (p<0.01), and the levels of estradiol in serum and prolactin in ovary were increased compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on above results, Enteromorpha powder supplementation at 3% could promote reproductive performance during the late laying period of Zi geese.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1606-1611
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• 2007

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dihydropyridine on laying performance and fat metabolism of laying hens. Five hundred and forty laying hens, 40 weeks old, were randomly allotted to three groups, each of which included four replicates of 45 hens. The groups were given a basal corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with 0, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg dihydropyridine. Results showed that compared with the control group (0 mg/kg dihydropyridine), supplements of 150 and 300 mg/kg dihydropyridine increased egg production rate by 9.39% (p<0.01) and 12.97% (p<0.01), increased mean egg weight by 3% (p>0.05) and 4.8% (p>0.05), and improved feed efficiency by 9.54% (p<0.05) and 7.25% (p<0.05), respectively; The addition of 150 and 300 mg/kg dihydropyridine decreased percentage of abdominal fat by 35.4% (p<0.05) and 46.9% (p<0.05), decreased liver fat content by 32.4% (p<0.05) and 10.5% (p<0.05), increased HSL activity of abdominal fat by 39.64% (p<0.05) and 48.48% (p<0.05), increased HSL activity of liver by 9.4% (p>0.05) and 47.34% (p<0.05) and increased the content of cAMP in adenohypophysis by 14.67% (p<0.05) and 10.91% (p<0.05), respectively; The inclusion of 150 mg/kg dihydropyridine increased liver superoxide dismutase activity by 69.61% (p<0.05), and increased hepatic apoB concentration by 53.96% (p<0.05); The supplementation of 150 or 300 mg/kg dihydropyridine decreased malondialdehyde concentration of hepatic mitochondria by 30.90% (p<0.01) and 10.39% (p<0.05), respectively; Supplemented dihydropyridine had no significant effects on TG, Ch HDL-C and VLDL-C concentrations in serum; addition of 150 or 300 mg/kg dihydropyridine increased T3 levels in serum by 15.34% (p<0.05) and 11.88% (p<0.05) and decreased insulin concentration by 40.44% (p<0.05) and 54.37% (p<0.05), respectively. The results demonstrated that adding dihydropyridine had the tendency of improving very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) content in the ovary. It was concluded that dihydropyridine could improve laying performance and regulate the fat metabolism of laying hens and that 150 mg/kg dihydropyridine is the optimum dose for laying birds in practical conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2010

The principal objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of dietary betaine on IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-1 secretion and IGF-I mRNA gene expression in the serum and liver of laying hens. A total of 72 ISA-Brown laying hens were fed with four different levels of betaine (0, 300, 600, 1,200 ppm) based on a corn-soybean meal diet containing 2,800 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy (ME) and 16% crude protein (CP) for four weeks. The results indicated significantly higher serum and liver IGF-I concentrations in the laying hens fed with 600 and 1,200 ppm betaine (p<0.05) compared to controls. IGF-I gene expression in liver showed a statistically correlated increase in 600 and 1,200 ppm betaine-fed groups as compared to the controls (p<0.05). Serum IGFBP-3 concentrations were elevated significantly in the groups fed 600 ppm of betaine. However, the secretion of IGFBP-1 in the liver of laying hens fed on 600 and 1,200 ppm of betaine was significantly lower than in the controls (p<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that dietary betaine supplementation plays a pivotal role in changes of the IGFs system in laying hens.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2013

The reproductive performance of multivoltine breed 'Nistari' and bivoltine breeds as NB18, P5 and a bivoltine hybrid (NB18 ${\times}$ P5) of B. mori were studied in different seasons in terms of total number of eggs laid, unlaid and hatching efficiency of the laid eggs to critically assess the breeds / hybrid potentiality. The bivoltine hybrid showed better performance in all the seasons as compared to the breeds investigated, as expected due to possibility of hybrid vigour. Among the breeds, bivoltine P5 had a better egg laid performance in S1 (February - March), S2 (May - June) and S3 (September - October) seasons but with an increase in the number of unlaid eggs. The hatching percentage, although didn't show any definitive trend, still suggested a marginal better performance in the hybrid. Most importantly, egg laying rhythmicity was studied by mating the female moth at 6.00 a.m. for $3{\frac{1}{2}}$ hours, and subsequently allowing the laying of eggs both under BOD condition ($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $85{\pm}5%$ RH) and at ambient temperature ($23-28^{\circ}C$ and $74.7{\pm}5%$) separately. Maximum (90%) egg laid occurred from 3.30 to 7.30 pm (i.e. 4 - 6 h after decoupling). Similar laying patterns were observed when females where mated at 12 noon and decoupled at 3.30 pm, revealing that late photoperiod and early scotoperiod were favourable for egg laying in case of multivoltine breed and bivoltine prefers late photoperiod for egg laying.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1654-1659
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with fermented and non-fermented brown algae by-products on the laying performance, egg quality, relative organ weight, and blood profile of laying hens. Methods: Hy-Line Brown chickens (n = 180; 70-week-old) were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group (3 hens per cage, 4 cages per replicate), and fed with 5 experimental diets, namely the basal control diet (CON) or the control diet supplemented with 0.5% brown seaweed (BS), 0.5% seaweed fusiforme (SF), 0.5% fermented brown seaweed (FBS), or 0.5% fermented seaweed fusiforme (FSF), for 4 weeks. Results: Egg production rate and egg mass were greater in the BS group than in the other groups (p<0.05), and the SF and FSF groups had greater egg production than the control group (p<0.05). Egg weight was higher in the BS group than in the other groups (p<0.05). There were no differences in eggshell color, egg yolk color, eggshell strength, or eggshell thickness among the groups. There was no difference in Haugh units among the treatment groups, except for the FSF group, which had a significantly lower value (p<0.05). The non-fermented groups had greater relative organ weights, particularly the liver and cecum, than the other groups (p<0.05). Regarding blood profile, the supplemented-diet groups had higher albumin levels than the control group (p<0.05). The FBS group had higher total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the other groups (p<0.05). The BS and FBS groups had higher glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels than the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that dietary brown algae supplementation can improve egg-laying performance; however, supplementation with fermented seaweeds had no positive effect on the egg-laying performance of hens.