• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.657-664
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• 1997

432 Babcock ISA white leghorn pullets reared for 8 weeks on a standard managemental conditions were exposed to feed/nutrient and light restrictions from 9 to 20 weeks of age. Four feeding regimes i. e. 100, 85 or 70 percent of the recommended allowance and low energy (2,500 Kcal/kg) low protein (13% CP) ration were fed each in the three light regimes i. e. (A) Natural day light starting from 13.24 hr/day at 8 weeks of age and ending 10.41 hr/day at the end of 20 weeks; (B) Constant 11 hr/day light and (C) starting with 13 hr/day at 8 weeks and decreasing @ 20 min/week till 20 weeks of age. At the age of 20 weeks all the birds were shifted to separate cages under uniform lighting feeding and management. During the 21st week light was increased to 12 hr a day and thereafter with an increase of 30 min per week, increased to 16 hr a day at the age of 29 weeks. From 20 weeks onward till 72 week age, all the birds were offered commercial layer rations ad libitum, prepared according to climatic conditions. The results of the study revealed that birds reared under natural and constant light had higher weights than decreasing light, yet they could not out perform during production period. The effect of feed and nutrient restriction, on the other hand, was found significant during rearing as well as production period. The birds exposed to higher level of feed and those exposed to nutrient restriction were lighter in weight. The 100% fed birds laid their first egg at an early age. However, those reared on 85% of the recommendation excelled all other groups in terms of produced number of eggs, egg mass, hen housed and hen day production and net returns.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2012

본 시험은 한국 재래계와 도입종 산란계의 육성 초기 성장능력을 비교분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 공시계는 유전자원 관리기관에서 종란을 인수하여 부화시킨 암수 병아리 276 수를 이용하였으며, 한국 재래계 2 계통(A, B)과 도입종 산란계 3 계통(C, D, E)으로 총 5 계통의 수정률, 부화율, 육성단계별 체중, 증체량, 사료 요구율 등을 조사하였다. 수정률은 A, B, C, D 및 E계통에서 각각 93.88%, 81.75%, 82.25%, 79.25% 및 71.50% 이었고, 부화율은 5계통에서 각각 95.65%, 86.24%, 88.15%, 90.85% 및 88.11%로 나타났다. 육성률은 0~10 주령에서 A와 E계통에서는 98% 이상으로 높게 나타났고, D 계통은 86.67%로 가장 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. A계통은 육성단계별 체중에서 2주령부터 10주령까지 가장 우수하게 나타났고, 전체 기간 동안에 가장 높은 증체량을 보였다(p<0.05). 정강이 길이는 D계통이 0주령에는 낮은 수치를 보였으나, 2주령부터 점차 증가하여 10주령에서는 $56.69{\pm}3.27mm$로 가장 높은 수치를 보였다(p<0.05). A계통의 증체량과 정강이 길이 사이의 표현형 상관관계는 0~2주, 2~4주, 4~6주, 6~8주 및 8~10주령에서 각각 0.63, 0.70, 0.55, 0.50 및 0.46으로 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였고, 전 기간의 표현형 상관관계도 0.85로 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였다. D계통의 증체량과 정강이 길이 사이의 표현형 상관관계도 0~2주, 2~4주, 4~6주, 6~8주 및 8~10주령에서 각각 0.73, 0.55, 0.54, 0.24 및 0.29로 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였으며, 전 기간의 표현형 상관관계도 0.78로 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 한국 재래계의 종자 산업화를 위하여 육성 후기의 능력 및 산란율 등을 추가적으로 조사할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.559-568
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• 2012

White (Lohmann LSL) and Brown (ATAK-S) laying hens, were reared under organic and conventional cage rearing systems, and the effects of the rearing system on performance parameters, egg production, egg characteristics, and immune response were investigated. For this purpose, a total of 832 laying hens of two commercial hybrids, i.e., 416 white (Lohmann LSL) and 416 Brown (ATAK-S) layers, were used. The experiment lasted between 23 and 70 wk of age. In this study, the white layers yielded more eggs as compared to the brown layers in both organic and conventional production systems. Egg weight exhibited a similar pattern to that of laying performance. However, the total hen-housed egg number for the white birds in the organic system was fewer than that of white birds in the conventional cage facility; conversely, a contradictory tendency was observed for the brown birds. Livability of the white layers in the organic system was remarkably lower (14%) than that of the brown line, whereas the white line survived better (3.42%) than their brown counterparts in conventional cages. The feed conversion ratio of the white hens was markedly inferior in the organic system as compared to that of the white hens in the conventional system, whereas relatively lower deterioration was reported in brown layers when reared in an organic system. The organic production system increased egg albumen height and the Haugh unit in eggs of the brown layers. The yolk color score of organic eggs was lower than that of conventional eggs for both brown and white hens. The egg yolk ratio of eggs from white layers was found to be higher in organic eggs as compared to those obtained in the conventional system. All organic eggs had heavier shells than those produced in the conventional system. Eggs from brown layers had more protein content than eggs from white layers. Neither housing systems nor genotype influenced egg yolk cholesterol concentration. When compared to conventional eggs, n-3 fatty acid content was lower in organic eggs, and the n-6:n-3 ratio was higher in organic eggs. In conclusion, two hen genotypes showed different responses in terms of performance and egg quality to two different rearing systems. A commercial white strain produced more eggs with higher egg quality as compared to a native brown strain. The brown strain was found to have adapted well to organic production conditions when survival and total egg number was taken into consideration.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.41-47
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• 1962

1961년 춘기에 난문수와 각종 실용형질과의 표현, 유전 및 환경상관과 각형질의 유전력을 농촌진흥청 잠업시험장에서 잠품종 각도 연락시험에 공시하는 8 품종에 대하여 조사하였으며 각 시험장에 보존되어 있는 잠품종중 25 품종에 대하여는 상관, 계통별 난문수 또는 변이를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 난문수와 전망중, 견층중 및 섬도와는 고도의 빈표현상관과 빈유전상관을 나타냈으며 환경상관은 나타나지 않았다. (2) 난문수는 중국계통이 가장 많고 일본계통이 중간이고 가주계통이 최소였다. (3) 감잠비율과 난문수와의 관계는 일정한 경향이 없다. (4) 견층중과 계장의 유전력은 전견중, 섬도 및 난문수의 것에 비해서 적었다. (5) 난문집단의 소다각형 반문수가 많은 품종일수록 난문의 절대수가 많았다. (6) 난문수의 변이는 가주계통이 가장 크고 중국계통, 일본계통의 순으로 적은 것 같다. 전견중, 견층중, 및 섬도는 난문수를 기준으로 하여 그것들을 선발하면 간접적으 선발 효과를 높일 수 있을 것이며 특히 난시대에 선발함으로서 사육의 경비를 절약할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.537-546
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• 2008

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the mixed herbal medicine for the substitution of antibiotics on the performance of laying hens. Day old hyline 1,500 layer chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments. Control were 600 and three each treatment was 300. Eggs were collected at every weeks for measuring egg production and week 26, 27, 28 for chemical analyses. Chemical analyses were done for fatty acid profile of egg yolks, amino acid, antibiotics residue in eggs(collect eggs after supplying OTC 21ppm/bird/day to control for four day at 26, 27, 28) during the laying period($19{\sim}77wk$). On $0{\sim}4$ week, T-3 showed higher feed intake than those fed the other diets and on $5{\sim}13$ week, T-2 showed highest feed intake among treatments. After birds were moved ($14{\sim}18$ wk) CT-3 showed highest, but for overall rearing period, there was not significantly different among treatments. In conclusion the mixed herbal medicine did not tended to influence palatability to rearing birds. Egg quality(egg yolk color, haugh unit, eggshell breaking strength) showed no difference among treatments. Ratio of unsaturated fatty acid (mg/100g)/saturated fatty acid (mg/100g) was not difference among treatments, but linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) of the mixed herbal medicine treatments showed higher then control. The antibiotics residue of CT, T treatments egg was not detected and control was not detected or below allowance. In conclusion the mixed herbal medicine can be possible to feed laying hen without antibiotics.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2009

선별토사와 관행농토를 혼합하여 물리역학시험을 실시한 결과 일반 성 복토재로써 물리적 성능이 일반토양과 유사하여 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 토양분석시험 결과 산도가 강알칼리성을 보였고 유효인산 성분이 다소 부족하였으며, 치환성 양이온 중 Ca의 성분의 과잉으로 인하여 생육 저하 현상이 발생할 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 상층토 50cm를 걷어내고 하층토 부분을 선별토사로 치환 후 걷어낸 상층토를 관행농토로 복토하여 생육 분석한 결과, 생육 장해 요인이 거의 없는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 선별토사를 활용하는데 있어서 선별토사를 근권의 영향권인 유효토심에 사용하는 경우에는 작물의 생육을 저해할 가능성도 있기 때문에 객토와 같은 유효토심에 직접적으로 사용하기 보다는 근권에 대한 영향이 상대적으로 적은 하층토에 대해 대체하는 방안이 유효할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 선별토사를 세척하는 기술이나 산도의 중화, 유기물 공급 등의 방법을 강구해야 하며, 선별토사의 재료원이 일정치 않은 특성상 품질이 균질하지 않기 때문에 품질확보를 위해서는 품질에 따라 1급, 2급, 3급 등으로 나누고 사용용도 기준을 각각 정하여 품질의 확보를 위한 인증제도의 도입이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.436-442
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• 2006

This research was conducted to design and develop a wired monitoring system for judging if sick or dead layers (SDL) exist in multi-tier layers battery (MLB) by machine vision, and to analyze its performance. In this study, 20 Brown Leghorn (Hi-Brown) layers aged 37 weeks old, were used as the experimental animals. The intensity of concern paid by layers on feed was over 90% during 5 minutes and 30 seconds after providing feed, and normal layers (NL) had been standing to take feed for that period. Therefore, in this study, the optimal judging time was set by this test result. The wired monitoring system developed was consisted of a driving device for carrying machine vision systems, a control program, a RS232 to RS485 convertor, an automatic positioning system, and an image capture system. An image processing algorithm was developed to find SDL in MLB by the processes of binary processing, erosion, expansion, labeling, and reckoning central coordinate of the captured images. The optimal velocity for driving unit was set up as 0.13 m/s by the test results for wired monitoring system, and the proximity switch was controlled not to be operated for 1.0 second after first image captured. The wired monitoring system developed was tested to evaluate the remote monitoring performance at lab-scale laying hen house. Results showed that its judgement success.ate on normal cage (without SDL) was 87% and that on abnormal cage (with SDL) was 90%, respectively. Therefore, it would be concluded that the wired monitoring system developed in this study was well suited to the purpose of this study.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 1979

대기공해가 잠아의 실용형질에 미치는 영향을 알고자 일본종계통 2품종과 중국종계통 2품종을 오염상 비오염상세, 척상별로 사육하고, 또 상엽 및 잠체중의 S, Cd 함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 잠아경과일수는 일본종계통은 비오염구에 비해 오염구가 2.5일 정도 중국종계통은 4일정도 지연 및 불재일하였고 세척구는 중간정도 였다. 2. 잠아 5령극대체중, 견층중, 전견중등은 비오염구, 세척구, 오염구 순으로 성적이 떨어졌다. 3. 화용비율은 상엽처리별로 볼때 일본종은 유의성이 없었으나 중국종은 고도의 유의성을 나타냈다. 4. 오염상엽에 대한 저항성은 일본종계통에 비하여 중국종계통이 현저하게 약하며 동일계통에서도 종간에 차가 있다. 5. 오염지역의 상엽은 비오염지역의 상엽보다 S 및 Cd의 함량이 각각 약 30%, 300%증가하였다. 6. 잠체내 에서도 비오염상 급여구는 S가 0.41%, Cd 0.013ppm 이고 세척상 급여구는 S가 0.52%, Cd가 0.042ppm순으로 높았다. 7. S 및 Cd의 함량이 상엽에 가시적인 피해는 나타내지 않았으나 잠아에는 피해가 심했다. 8. 잠아의 실용형질은 공해로 인한 상엽질의 악화에서 입는 피해보다 상엽에 부착된 분전의 해가 더컸다. 9. 이상을 종합해 보면 분장지대 선정에 있어서 중국종계통은 공해지역을 피할 것이며 부득이한 경우는 상엽을 세척급여하면 현저한 효과를 거둘수 있을 것이다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2014

While use of mass rearing systems improved poultry production, chances of exposing to contagious diseases have been increased, making flocks more vulnerable to diseases. Diseases of interest which affects egg production adversely include Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), Infectious bronchitis (IB), Avian meta-pneumoviral infection (aMPV) and Egg drop syndrome'76 (EDS'76). This report collected and analyzed 5,385 serum samples, which were collected from 1,330 different chicken flock, provided by Chungbuk National University, Avian Disease Laboratory at 2009. Serums were analyzed based on rearing stages; 0~1.3weeks (wks) (maternal antibody period), >1.3~3 wks (starting period), >3~10 wks (growing period), >10~22 wks (developing period), >22~40 wks (peak laying period), >40~60 wks (late laying period) and over 60 wks (post-molting period). Results showed the 99.7% of the tested flocks were immunized against ND and73.8%, 97.1%, 78,2% and 78% of the flocks were immunized against other 4 agents (LPAI, IB, EDS'76, aMPV). Maternal antibody was transferred to enough quantity for NDV. Generally, antibody titers which were developed at 22 weeks were stabilized permanently for life. In case of IB and aMPV, infection titer emerged as early as 10 weeks and the titer was increased from 99.4% to 100% for life. EDS76 showed increase in titers, reflecting decreased frequency of vaccination programs. Overall, this study displayed general trends of major viral disease in layers, but considering the trend of development of preventive measures and evolution of pathogens, conducting serological surveys on a regular basis is important.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-25
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• 1976

Studies on pathogenicities and developmental stages of Nosema apis (Zander, 1909) were carried out through artificial infection to Nosema free honey bees with various levels of spores isolated from local honey bee colony. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The clinical symptoms were observed as dysentery, enteritis of mid-gut (enlargement and decoloration), crawling posture and shortening of the longevity of worker bees in the rearing honey bee colony inoculated with the spores. 2. Number of spores harvested from laboratory rearing honey bees were progresively increased to 4 weeks after inoculation. The regression equations and coefficients of correlations to various spore levels were as follows in each treatment colony. Colony 1. ($$1,000{\times}10^4spores/ml$$) $$y_{c1}=471{\times}10^{4}x+454{\times}10^4(r=0.65^*$$) Colony 2. ($$500{\times}10^4spores/ml$$) $$y_{c2}=340{\times}10^{4}x+207.8{\times}10^4(r=0.99^{**}$$) Colony 3. ($$100{\times}10^4spores/ml$$) $$y_{c3}=150{\times}10^{4}x+84.2{\times}10^4(r=0.99^{**}$$) Colony 4. ($$10{\times}10^4spores/ml$$) $$y_{c4}=13.8{\times}10^{4}x+13{\times}10^4(r=0.98^{**}$$) 3. Average longevity of worker bees artificially infected with Nosema apis was shortened as 21.7~43.8% compare to the control. (p<.05, p<.01) 4. The spores which were isolated from honey bee colony infected with Nosema disease were ovoid or spherical form, and measured, as a rule, from $4.7{\mu}m$ to $6.1{\mu}m$ (mean $5.3{\mu}m$) in length and from $2.4{\mu}m$ to $3.2{\mu}m$ (mean $2.9{\mu}m$) in width. 5. In the mid-gut of honey bees, the spore was progresively germinated and became trophozoite stage. The trophozoites were grown to meronts and their binary fission were begun. The divided two sporoblasts were developed to the spores which had elastic membrane. The new spores were shed in excreta of honey bees 10~15 day after inoculation at $25{\pm}2$ centigrade. 6. The ultrastructure of spore membrane consisted of three layers, such as, outer, middle and inner layer. The sporoplasm consisting lamellar structure occupied only anterior part of the spore and was often extended to posterior direction where definite vacuoles and a polar filament was able to detect.