• 제목/요약/키워드: Layer Chicks

검색결과 46건 처리시간 0.029초

사료 내 대사 에너지 및 조단백질 수준이 산란종 수평아리의 성장성적과 도체특성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Varying Levels of Dietary Metabolizable Energy and Crude Protein on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Layer-type Growing Male Chicks)

  • 윤정근;김홍래;오성택;정란;최영인;추연경;안병기;이성기;강창원
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.87-95
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 사료 내 대사 에너지 및 조단백질의 수준별 급여가 산란종 수평아리의 생산성과 도체 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하여, 전용 사료로서 요구되는 적정 영양 수준을 구명코자 실시하였다. 실험 동물은 1일령 Hy-Line Brown 수평아리 900수를 공시하여 대사 에너지를 두 가지 수준(2,800 kcal/kg 및 2,950 kcal/kg), 조단백질을 세 가지 수준(17%, 18.5% 및 20%)으로 하는 $2{\times}3$ factorial design으로 구성하여 처리당 5반복, 반복당 30수씩을 체중이 유사하도록 완전임의 배치하였다. 21일령, 53일령에 생체중, 사료 섭취량 및 사료 요구율을 조사하였고, 에너지 및 단백질 섭취량을 산출하였다. 53일령에 생체중 측정치의 평균에 해당하는 개체를 처리구별로 8수씩 선발하여 도계 후 가식성 부위 및 조직의 상대적 중량을 조사하였다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 및 간 기능 관련 효소의 활성을 측정하였다. 사료 섭취량은 대사 에너지수준이 높을수록 감소하였고(p<0.05), 대사 에너지${\times}$조단백질 상호작용 또한 유의적인 차이가 인정되었다(p< 0.05). 증체량과 사료 요구율은 대사 에너지 수준보다는 조단백질의 사료 내 수준이 17.0%에서 20.0%로 증가함에 따라 선형적으로 개선되는 결과를 나타내었으며(p<0.05), 대사 에너지${\times}$조단백질 상호작용은 나타나지 않았다. 사료 내 영양소 수준에 따른 에너지와 단백질의 섭취량은 대사 에너지${\times}$조단백질 상호작용에 의한 유의한 차이나 경향이 관찰되었다. 1 g 증체에 요구되는 에너지 섭취량은 조단백질 수준이 증가함에 따라 선형적으로 낮아졌고(p<0.001), 수당 단백질 섭취량은 저에너지구(2,800 kcal/kg)가 고에너지구(2,950 kcal/kg)에 비하여 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), 조단백질 수준의 증가에 따라 유의하게 높아졌다(p<0.001). 1 g 증체에 요구되는 단백질 섭취량 역시, 조단백질 수준의 증가에 따라 선형적으로 증가하였다(p<0.01). 간, 비장, 가슴육 및 다리 부위의 상대적 중량에서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 총 콜레스테롤, GOT 활성, BUN, 크레아틴 역시 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, GPT 활성에서 대사 에너지 2,950 kcal/kg 처리구가 대사 에너지 2,800 kcal/kg 처리구에 비하여 높은 경향을 보였고(p=0.056), 혈청 알부민에서 대사 에너지${\times}$조단백질 상호작용이 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과, 산란종 수평아리의 증체량과 사료 요구율은 대사 에너지 수준보다는 조단백질 수준 증가에 따라 선형적으로 개선되는 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 통해 대사 에너지 2,800 kcal/kg 및 2,950 kcal/kg의 급여 수준의 차이는 성장에 미치는 영향이 미미한 것으로 판단할 수 있었다. 각 기간별로도 사료 내 대사 에너지 및 조단백질 수준에 따른 일정한 경향이 유지되었고, 대사 에너지 및 조단백질 수준별 급여가 도체특성, 혈액조성에 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다. 따라서 대사 에너지 2,800 kcal/kg 수준과 조단백질 18.5% 수준 이상의 사료 급여가 산란종 수평아리의 육성에 있어서 가장 적정한 영양 수준인 것으로 사료된다.

PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS AND LAYERS FED LOCALLY PRODUCED FISH WASTE MEAL IN WESTERN SAMOA

  • Ochetim, S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.91-95
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    • 1992
  • Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of broilers and layers fed locally produced fish waste meal (LFWM) in Western Samoa. LFWM, which was produced by mincing and oven drying of rejects from filleted fish, was included in both broiler and layer diets at the complete expense of imported meat and bone meal (MBM). The experiments were of a completely randomised design. In experiment 1, 120 day-old Strabro broiler chicks were raised to 49 days of ages. In experiment 2, 80 Shaver 288 pullets, 20 weeks of age, were housed in pairs in cages and raised up to 72 weeks of age. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in performance of broilers as measured in terms of final bodyweights, feed intake, feed efficiency and carcass yield between the two diets. Similarly, no differences (p > 0.05) existed in egg production, egg weight and feed required per kilogramme of eggs. It is concluded that LFWM is nutritionally as good as imported MBM and could be used to completely replace MBM in broiler and layer diets.

닭의 지방조직(脂肪組織) 및 천흉근(淺胸筋)에서의 지질(脂質)의 대사(代謝) (The Metabolism of Lipids in Adipose Pads and Superficial Pectoral Muscle of Chicks)

  • 고태송
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.264-270
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    • 1977
  • 무지방사료(無脂肪飼料) 및 여기에 17 : 0, 18 : 0 혹은 18 : 2를 첨가(添加)한 사료(飼料)를 닭병아리숫놈에 급여(給與)해서 그 경부지방조직(頸部脂肪組織) 및 천흉근(淺胸筋)의 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)에 미치는 급여지방산(給與脂肪酸)의 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)했다. 경부지방조직(頸部脂肪組織)은 $34{\sim}62%$의 지질(脂質)을 함유(含有)해서 그 중 트리그리세라이드가 $97{\sim}98%$를 이루고 있었다. 급여(給與)한 지방산(脂肪酸)은 지방조직(脂肪組織)중에 비교적(比較的) 다량(多量) 분포(分布)하고 또는 17 : 0 급여(給與)는 16 : 1의 분포치(分布値)를 저하(低下)시키고 18 : 2 급여(給與)는 18 : 0의 분포치(分布値)를 증가(增加)시켰다. 천흉근(淺胸筋)은 $1.3{\sim}1.7%$의 지질(脂質)을 함유(含有)해서 그중 인지질(燐脂質)이 $77{\sim}79%$, 유리(遊離)콜레스테롤이 $11{\sim}13%$를 점(占)하고 있었다. 각지질분획(各脂質分劃)에서 17 : 0의 급여(給與)는 17 : 0와 17 : 1을 출현(出現)시키고 18 : 2의 급여(給與)는 18 : 2의 분포치(分布値)를 높였으나 18 : 0의 급여(給與)는 18 : 0의 분포치(分布値)에 영향(影響)을 주지 않았다. 천흉근지질(淺胸筋脂質)의 대부분(大部分)을 이루는 인지질(燐脂質)에서 18 : 0의 급여(給與)로 18 : 1이 많아졌고, 18 : 2의 급여(給與)는 18 : 1과 16 : 0의 분포치(分布値)를 저하(低下) 시키고 다시 18 : 0의 분포치(分布値)를 높였다. 또한 18 : 2의 급여(給與)는 20 : 3의 분포치(分布値)를 저하(低下) 시키고 20 : 4의 분포치(分布値)를 높였다.

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The Possible Minimum Chicken Nutrient Requirements for Protecting the Environment and Improving Cost Efficiency - Review -

  • Nahm, K.H.;Carlson, C.W.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제11권6호
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    • pp.755-768
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    • 1998
  • Nitrogen and phosphorus are major nutrients in animal feeds which partially remain in the environment as pollution. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus along with energy are the main nutrients which determine the feed cost. Any decreases in the levels of these three nutrients can contribute to reducing the pollution problem as well as the cost of feed. The nutrient requirements for chickens in the work here reported should allow for the addition of mixed enzymes (phytases, proteases, glucanases, xylanases and others). Such minimal levels of crude protein in the research results which are here reported are 16% for 0-6 weeks of age, 13.5% for 7-12 weeks of age, 11.5% for 13-18 weeks of age for layer type chicks, 13% for layer, 18% for 0-3 weeks of age broiler and 16.5% for 4-7 weeks of age broiler. These research projects have been done without adding enzyme supplements to their experimental diets. The minimal values of phosphorus, shown as available phosphorus, are 0.25% for pullets, 0.09% for layers and 0.25% for broilers with the addition of phytase. The minimum energy requirement (metabolizable energy) for reducing the feed cost could be summarized as 2,750 kcal per kg feed for pullets, 2,800 kcal for layers and 2,700 kcal for broilers.

성 감별 유전자를 도입한 다산계계통 신품종 육종에 관한 연구 I. 반생유전계통 조성 (Breeding of New Synthetic Egg Production Line in Domestic Chicken by Intlroducing Sex Linked Gene. I. Production of the Autosexing Breed)

  • 오봉국;손시환;이정구
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.113-123
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    • 1992
  • 본 연구는 반성은색유전자(S:silver gene)를 도입하여 성 감별용 산란종계 계통으로 육성하여 이를 모계통으로 이용함으로서 깃털에 의한 자웅감별이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 잡종강세를 이용한 우수실용계를 작출하고자 수행되었다. 암수 감별용 계통 조성을 위하여서는 현재 시판되고 있는 백색 실용계 수컷(Z$^{s}$ Z$^{s}$ ) 및 갈색 실용계 암컷(Z$^{s}$ W)을 이용하여 이들 중 우수개체를 선발하여 교잡시킴으로서 생산된 개체중 유전적 조성이 은색유전자를 동형(homo)으로 가진 개체들을 모계통으로 육성하고, 부계통 조성을 위하여서는 갈색유전자를 동형으로 가진 개체를 선발 육성하므로서 감별의 원종계를 작출하였다. 이들 조성된 계통을 이용하여 생산능력이 우수한 계통으로 육종하기 위하여 폐쇄군 육종방법(clossed flock breeding)을 사용하였다. 합성종 계계의 산란능력 검정 결과 60주령까지의 산란기록에 근거한 주요 경제능력은 초산 일령 161일, 60주령시 산난수 219개, 산난율 84% 평균난중 61g으로 외국에서 수입되는 우수종계에 버금가는 성적을 나타내었다. 또한 깃털에 의한 자웅감별이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 산난능력도 우수한 실용성 있는 암수 감별용 합성종을 육성 할 것으로 판단된다. 합성종 계통의 유전분석 결과 이들의 유전모수가 정상집단의 유전모수와 유사한 추정치를 보임으로서 특정계통 조성을 위한 선발에 기인된 유전변이의 변화는 거의 없음을 시사한다.

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자연감염된 닭으로부터 chicken anemia agent (virus)의 분리 (Isolation of chicken anemia agent (virus) from naturally infected chickens)

  • 성환우;김선중
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.471-477
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    • 1991
  • Attempts to isolate chicken anemia agent (CAA) were made by inoculating tissue homogenates into MDCC-MSBl or LSCC-1104B1 cell lines and passaging the cells serially. CAA was isolated from the liver and thymus of 11 weeks old layer chickens and from the liver of 10 weeks old broiler breeder chickens. The layer flock experienced approximately 45% mortality during 9 to 14 week of age from gangrenous dermatitis and lymphoid organs of affected chickens were severely atrophied. The broiler breeder flock experienced approximately 7% mortality during 7 to 9 weeks of age and affected birds showed lesions of colibacillosis, staphylococcal arthritis, and coccidiosis together with atrophied lymphoid organs. The isolated viruses were identified as CAA by the indirect fluorescent antibody test and virus neutralization test using CAA immune sera including one to Gifu-1 strain of CAA. The CAA isolate 89-69, when inoculated into susceptible 1 day old SPF chicks, induced anemia 14 to 16 days after inoculation. It did not induce any cytopathic effects in chicken embryo liver and chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures. Infectivity of the isolate was not affected by the treatment of chloroform or heat ($70^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes).

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Virus 중화시험법에 의한 닭 빈혈성인자의 항체조사 (Survey of antibody to chicken anemia agent by virus neutralization test)

  • 류광선;고홍범
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.227-234
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    • 1993
  • A serological survey for antibody to chicken anemia agent(CAA) was carried out by virus neutralization test. Antibody to CAA was detected in broilers and layers at different age groups. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Of a total of 1,035 chicken sera from 1.16 flocks 617 samples of sera were detected as positive(59.6%) and 95 flocks of a total flocks as positive(81.9%). 2. Proportion of positive sera by age were 92.3 %(88.9~100%) at 1 to 2 weeks of age, 56.4%(16.7~77.8%) at 3 to 9 weeks of age, 85.0%(50.0~100%) at 10 to 14 weeks of age and all tested sera were positive at over the 15 weeks age. 3. In each broiler and layer chicken 63.6% and 68.4% chicks possessed positive sera respectively. 4. Neutralizing antibody titer in age group was various from 1:10 to 1:6,400 and mean titer was 1:400 to 1:800.

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Evaluation of light-emitting diode colors and intensities on slaughter performance, meat quality and serum antioxidant capacity in caged broilers

  • Zichao Tan;Chuanfeng Zhou;Xueping Shi;Lihua Wang;Shubai Wang
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제36권5호
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    • pp.731-739
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    • 2023
  • Objective: This study was to evaluate the interaction of three different light-emitting diode (LED) light colors (white, green, and blue) and three intensities (5, 10, and 15 lx) on slaughter performance, meat quality and serum antioxidant capacity of broilers raised in three-layer cages. Methods: A total of 648 (8-days-old) male broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly assigned in 3×3 factorially arranged treatments: three light colors (specifically, white, blue, and green) and three light intensities (namely, 5, 10, and 15 lx) for 35 days. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates of 12 chicks. The test lasted for 35 days. Results: The semi-eviscerated weight percentage (SEWP) in 5 lx white was higher than that in 15 lx (p<0.01). The eviscerated weight percentage (EWP) (p<0.05) and water-loss percentage (WLP) (p<0.01) decreased in 10 lx white light than those in green light. Under blue light, the content of hypoxanthine (Hx) in muscle was lower than that under white and green light (p<0.01). The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 15 lx blue light was higher than that in 10 lx green light (p<0.05). Light color had an extremely significant effect on thigh muscle percentage, WLP, Hx, and crude protein content (p<0.01). Light intensity had a significant effect on SEWP (p<0.05), EWP (p<0.05), lightness (L*) value (p<0.05), WLP (p<0.01), and the contents of superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), MDA (p<0.01), glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01). Conclusion: Using white LED light with 10 lx light intensity can significantly improve the chicken quality of caged Cobb broilers, improve the content of inosine acid in chicken breast and enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body. We suggest that the broiler farm can use 10 lx white LED light source for lighting in 8 to 42 days.

국내 육계의 호흡기형 크립토스포리디움증에 대한 역학적 조사연구 (Epidemiological studies on the respiratory cryptosporidiosis of broiler in Korea)

  • 오명호;은길수;김홍집;정운익
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.693-699
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    • 1993
  • In 1990, a retrospective examination of histologic data determined that 23 histology accessions at the Miwon Institute of Animal Science had a diagnosis of crytosporidiosis. These cases presented 10% of the 230 histologic examinations of broiler chicks of 23 cases, 18 cases were respiratory infection and 5 cases were bursal infection. The histologic findings of respiratory cryptosporidiosis were hyperplasia of mucosa epithelial cell, slightly swelling of epithelial cells, deciliation of tracheal epithelium, distribution of cryptosporidium organisms in epithelial surface of trachea and infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes in mucosa propria layer in trachea.

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닭에서 고추씨박의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구

  • 임호중;강창원
    • 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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    • pp.24-39
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    • 2001
  • These experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional and feeding value of red pepper seed oil meal (RPSOM) as local vegetable protein ingredients for poultry feeding. In the first experiment, nutritional values of RPSOM were evaluated by analyzing chemical compositions and determining true metabolizable energy (TME), nitrogen corrected TME (TMEn) and true available amino acid (TAAA) contents. According to the chemical analysis, RPSOM contained 22.50% of crude protein, 4.75% of ether extract, 27.70% of crude fiber, 0.34 mg/g of capsaicin and 49.97 ppm of xanthophylls. The values of TME and TMEn determined by force-feeding 16 roosters (ISA-Brown) were 1.73 kcal/g and 1.63 kcal/g on dry matter basis, respectively. The average TAAA value of 16 amino acids measured by the force-feeding technique was 81.70%. These values were used for formulating experimental diets containing various levels of RPSOM for broiler chicks and laying hens. Two feeding trials were made to investigate the effects of dietary incorporation of RPSOM into chicken feed performances of broiler chicks and laying hens. In the broiler feeding (Exp. 2), a total of two hundred twenty-five, 4 wk old male broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly divided into 9 groups of 25 birds each and assigned to three experimental diets containing 0, 5 and 10% RPSOM. The birds were fed ad libitum the diets for 3 wk and feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion rate were determined. At the end of the feeding, the blood levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and cholesterol, and the body and fatty acid compositions of leg muscle were measured. No significant differences were observed in weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate, body composition, serum levels of GOT, GGT and BUN among the treatments. However, blood cholesterol level was lower (P<0.05) in 10% RPSOM diet group than those in the other. The dietary RPSOM at 5 and 10% levels increased the content of linoleic acid (P<0.05) in leg muscle compared to that of control group. The results indicate that RPSOM can be used for broiler feed up to 10% without any significant negative effects on broiler performance. In the layer feeding (Exp. 3), the effects of dietary RPSOM on the performances of laying hen were investigated by feeding ninety 45 wk old laying hens (ISA-Brown) with experimental diets containing 0, 5 and 10% RPSOM for 4 wk (30 birds per treatment). Measurements were made on egg production rate, egg weight, feed intake, Haugh unit, egg shell strength which was higher (P<0.05) in layers fed 10% RPSOM diet compared to those fed 0 and 5% RPSOM diets. Thus, it can be concluded that RPSOM can be included into laying hen feed up to 10% without any harmful effects.

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