• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prove the effectiveness of the open medial (glenoid-based) anterior-inferior capsular shift in patients with multidirectional shoulder instability. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 19 patients treated by medial anterior-inferior capsular shift for multidirectional shoulder instability from March, 1998 to December, 2003. 15 patients of them have experienced recurrent dislocation. 8 patients(42%) showed bilateral laxity and 11 patients(58%) generalized ligamentous laxity, and 2 patients(10.5%) voluntary subluxation. An average follow-up was 24 months (range : $9{\sim}32$ months). Results: Pain improved in 18 patients of all. There was an average loss of 10 degree of external rotation, but no limitation of activity of daily living. There was no redislocation and subluxation, but two patients had some apprehension in sports activity. With Rowe score, the result was excellent or good in all patients. There were hematoma and local skin problem in 1 patient, but all had healed up. Conclusion: Medial anterior-inferior capsular shift in multidirectional shoulder instability provided satisfactory results in pain relief, patient's satisfactions and stability of glenohumeral joint. Though some of them have anterior gleniod deformities and large Hill-Sachs lesions, we could get good stabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1998

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative success and stability of arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstructions using the central one third bone patellar tendon bone(BPB) autograft versus a quadrupled semitendinosus/gracilis(ST) autograft in patients with "isolated" ACL tears. Materials & Methods : A strict criteria to identify isolated ACL tears was used which included : no previous surgery, no other ligamentous injury, no history of patellofemoral symptoms, no patellofemoral malalignment, no meniscal pathology, no chondromalacia or chondral injury and no limitation of motion of the injured knee. 30 patients (15 BPB, 15 ST) with a mean age of 27.4 years were available for a mean follow up of 18 months (between 12 months and 26 months). Preoperatively, there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age, sex and degree of laxity. Results : Postoperatively, we couldn't find significant differences between the two groups with respect to subjective Lysholm score, objective laxity including Lachman test, pivot shift test and KT-2000 measurements. Mean side to side difference of KT-2000 scores at 20lbs were 1.5mm for the BPB group and 1.4mm for the ST group. Positive Lachman test was found in 26.7% and 33.3% and positive pivot shift was found in 20% and 33.3% of the patients in the BPB and ST groups, respectively. Anterior knee pain (33.3%) was more common in the BPB group. There were 80% of the patients in both groups above nearly normal grade according to the IKDC grade. Conclusions : In patients with "isolated" ACL tears, the overall results, ligamentous stability for the patellar tendon and the quadrupled semitendinosus/gracilis were comparable. We consider that the quadrupled autogenous hamstring tendon is a good alternative substitute in ACL reconstruction together with the bone patellar tendon bone.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was primarily to determine the relationship between temporomandibular joint mobility and generalized benign joint hypermobility. The subjects were 85 men and 76 women, who were students of dental and dental hygiene schools, aged 18 to 30 years old. They had no disturbances or complaints of movement of temporomandibular joints and other joints in the body. The joint mobility was measured by a test which is a modification of a method developed originally by Carter and Wilkinson (1964). The mandibular mobility was measured during active and passive maximal opening, laterotrusion, protrusion, and retrusion by Ingervall's method (1970). The obtained results were as follows: 1. The distribution of joint hypermobility disclosed was 4.8% in men and 19.7% in women, and 11.8% of total subjects. 2. The joint mobility index was a mean of 0.37 for men and 0.51 for women in total subjects, and 0.80 for men and 0.73 for women in hypermobile subjects. 3. The angle of passive dorsiflexion of the little finger was greater in the left than in the right hand for both sexes and in hypermobile subjects than in total subjects. 4. There was a positive correlation between the joint mobility index and the angle of passive dorsiflexion of the little finger in total subjects. 5. The joint mobility was greater in women than in men, and in the left than in the right hand. 6. In the active maximal mandibular movements of total subjects, the mean values for the opening capacity was 56.01 mm and 52.04mm, the laterotrusion mean 8.07 and 8.08, the protrusion mean 8.72 and 8.24, and the retrusion mean 0.48 and 0.49 for men and women respectively. 7. In the passive maximal mandibular movements of total subjects, the mean values for the opening capacity was 59.07mm and 54.85mm, the laterotrusion mean 8.90 and 9.12, the protrusion mean 10.03 and 10.00, and the retrusion mean 0.69 and 0.72 in men and women respectively. The active and passive maximal opening capacity was larger in men than in women but in the other movements there were no significant differences between men and women. 8. The range of active and passive maximal mandibular movements of hypermobile subjects tended to be larger in men but no significant difference in women compared with that of total subjects. 9. The range of maximal mandibular movements was increased more in passive than in active.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.327-335
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• 2022

This study aimed to compare functional recovery after rehabilitation exercise between isolated PCL reconstruction and combined PLC reconstruction. Patients were divided into two groups: those who had isolated PCL reconstruction (n = 16) and those who had combined PLC reconstruction (n = 16). We assessed knee joint ligament laxity, subjective questionnaires, and isokinetic muscle function before, after 12, and 24 weeks of a rehabilitation exercise program. In both groups, there were significant differences in knee joint laxity (p = 0.048), IKDC subject score (p < 0.001), Lysholm knee (p < 0.001), Tegner activity scale (p = 0.027), and isokinetic muscle deficit (p = 0.040) by estimated period. However, no significant difference between groups was observed (p > 0.05). These results suggest that rehabilitation exercise after isolated PCL and combined PLC reconstruction influenced structural, subjective, functional recovery positively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.106-110
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• 2004

In any large heavy industry like that of ship building, there exist a lot of complications for the arrangement of building blocks optimally for the minimal space consumption. The major problem arises at yard because of laxity in space for arranging the building blocks of ship under construction. A standardized erection sequence diagram is generally available to provide the prioritised erection sequence. This erection sequence diagram serves as the frame work. In order to make a timely erection of the blocks a post plan has to be developed so that the blocks lie in the nearest possible vicinity of the material handling devices while keeping the priority of erection. Therefore, the blocks are arranged in the pre-erection area. This kind of readiness of blocks leads to a very complex problem of space. This arises due to the least available space leading to an urgent need of an availability of intelligent spatial schedule without compromising the rate of production. There exists two critical problems ahead namely, the spatial occupation layout of pre-erection area and the emptying pattern in the spatial vicinity. The block shape is assumed be rectangular. The related input data's are the dates of erection (earliest as well as the latest), geometrical parameters of block available on pre-erection area, slack time and the like.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

This study started for the verification of the worry in the relationship within violent game use and youth moral. The survey was conducted and analyze some personal factor: self control, self esteem, aggression and game time. Self control and self esteem show positive relationship with moral, but aggression shows negative relationship. The other side, game use time doesn't show any relationship with moral whether the game is aggressive or not. It is significant for the game has no relations about a laxity of moral fiber of youth and the aggression of the game doesn't show any negative influence on moral.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2002

Purpose: Weight lifting is a good training to control body weight, to correct body shape and to relieve stress. How-ever if the training is continued by inadequate training method and technique, the risks of the shoulder injuries are relatively high. Main Subject: The rotator cuff injury is the most common disorder to wright lifters and often results from the train- ing program of upright row, military press and pectoral deck. The chances of subacromial impingement in these postures are high because the shoulder rotates under the acromion at 90 abduction state. Shoulder instability in weight lifters can develop due to various causes. aepeated microtrauma and excessive abduction and external rotation may result in laxity of the anterior capsular structure, ligament and muscles. Behind the neck and bench press are high risk training postures. Other than those injuries, idiopathic osteolysis of distal clavicle, acromioclavicular separation, pectoralis major muscle rupture, and triceps muscle rupture nay develop. Conclusion: The best treatment option of the shoulder injury to weight lifters is to eliminate the possible risk elements for the weight lifters in training program and to provide proper and prompt treatment as soon as possible.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2020

Osborne-Cotterill lesion is an osteochondral fracture located in the posterolateral margin of the humeral capitellum, which may be associated with a defect of the radial head after an elbow dislocation. This lesion causes instability by affecting the lateral ulnar collateral ligament over its capitellar insertion, which is associated with a residual capsular laxity, thereby leading to poor coverage of the radial head, and hence resulting in frequent dislocations. We present a 54-year-old patient, a physician who underwent trauma of the left elbow after falling from a bike and suffered a posterior dislocation fracture of the elbow. The patient subsequently presented episodes of instability, and additional work-up studies diagnosed the occurrence of Osborne-Cotterill lesion. An open reduction and internal fixation of the bony lesion was performed, with reinsertion of the lateral ligamentous complex. Three months after surgery, the patient was asymptomatic, having a flexion of 130° and extension of 0°, and resumed his daily activities without any limitation. Currently, the patient remains asymptomatic 2 years after the procedure. Elbow instability includes a large spectrum of pathological conditions that affect the biomechanics of the joint. The Osborne-Cotterill lesion is one among these conditions. It is a pathology that is often forgotten and easily overlooked. Undoubtedly, this lesion requires surgical intervention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.313-314
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• 2008

컴퓨터 시스템의 등장 이래로, 함수 인라이닝 기법은 함수 지향형 프로그래밍 언어에서 코드 크기의 증가와 함께 실행 시간을 감소시키는 하나의 기법으로 사용되어왔다. 이에 반하여, 함수 아웃라이닝 기법은 실행 시간을 증가시키지만 코드 크기의 감소를 가져온다. 기존 범용 컴퓨터 시스템은 코드를 저장하는 저장장치의 크기에 큰 제약이 없었기 때문에, 함수 아웃라이닝 기법은 그리 널리 쓰이지 않았다. 그러나 최근의 무선 센서 네트워크 분야의 연구를 통하여 범용 컴퓨터 시스템에서는 찾아보기 어려웠던 코드 영역의 자원 제약이 심화되었고, 이에 따라 함수 아웃라이닝 기법이 보다 의미를 갖게 되었다. 특히, 실시간 응답을 요구받는 센서 운영체제는 코드 공간의 제약 하에서 실시간 작업 처리를 수행할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는, 함수 아웃라이닝 기법을 통하여 실시간 센서 운영체제의 여유 시간(laxity time)을 활용하면서 코드의 크기를 감소시키는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 통하여, 코드 공간의 제약 상황을 보다 완화할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 1998

The PCL reconstruction in chronic isolate PCL reconstruction was still controversy. 1) In isolate PCL deficient knee, functionally not so bad as like ACL deficient knee. 2) The result of the PCL reconstruction was not as good as ACL reconstruction. Therefore, isolate PCL injuries has been treated as nonoperatively. Hey Grovere, who was the first to attempt an intra-articular reconstruction of the PCL, utilized the semi-tendinous tendon other static procedures have been described in only a few cases with very limited follow-up. Dynamic procedures utilizing the medial head of the gastrocnemius has been reported by Hugston and Degenhardt, Kennedy and Grainger, and Insall and Hood. These procedures did not improve static stability. Dr Clancy, who was introduce the use of BPTB for the PCL reconstruction transtibial and femoral tunnel. From 1995, untill early 1990 PCL reconstruction was done as tend as placement of the isometric point. Physiometic placement of Anatomical placement of the femoral tunnel in PCL reconstruction were introduced in 1995. Tibial Inlay Technique was reported by Dr Berg in 1995. The main advantage of the tibial Inlay Technique was to avoid fraying of the graft at the posterior tibial tunnel orifice. In complete PCL ruptured and severely posterior unstable knee, dual femoral tunnel technique will be to get better result than one bundle technique. To achieve restoration of normal posterior laxity, it is critical to address the posterior as well as the posterolateral structures. Futher research is necessary to evaluate new surgical approches such as double-bundle reconstructions and tibial inlay techniques as well as improved techniques for capsular and collateral ligament injuries.