• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2013

As microvascular techniques continue to improve, perforator flap free tissue transfer is now the gold standard for autologous breast reconstruction. Various options are available for breast reconstruction with autologous tissue. These include the free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap, deep inferior epigastric perforator flap, superficial inferior epigastric artery flap, superior gluteal artery perforator flap, and transverse/vertical upper gracilis flap. In addition, pedicled flaps can be very successful in the right hands and the right patient, such as the pedicled TRAM flap, latissimus dorsi flap, and thoracodorsal artery perforator. Each flap comes with its own advantages and disadvantages related to tissue properties and donor-site morbidity. Currently, the problem is how to determine the most appropriate flap for a particular patient among those potential candidates. Based on a thorough review of the literature and accumulated experiences in the author's institution, this article provides a logical approach to autologous breast reconstruction. The algorithms presented here can be helpful to customize breast reconstruction to individual patient needs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.114-116
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• 2016

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.800-802
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• 2015

• 대한미세수술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.136-136
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• 1997

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 2008

Purpose: Evaluation of results of free flap as a method of reconstruction in soft tissue defect after wide excision of soft tissue tumor of extremity. Materials and Methods: From 2000 through 2007, 11 patients received free flap surgery for soft tissue defect after wide excision operation for soft tissue tumor of limbs. Four cases were upper extremities and seven were lower extremities. Four subjects were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma, three as malignant melanoma, two as synovial sarcoma and one as malignant fibrous histiocytoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma. Donor sites of free flap varied with anterolateral thigh flaps in six cases, latissimus dorsi flaps in four, reverse forearm flap in one. By the method of doppler ultrasound, venous circulation was evaluated for the survival of each flap on the third, fifth and seventh day respectively after the operation. Results: 10 of 11 free flaps were successfully survived. Necrosis of free flaps in 1 cases occurred in case of anterolateral thigh flap. Conclusion: Free flap can be a useful method for reconstruction of soft tissue defect after wide excision of soft tissue sarcoma of extremity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.630-636
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• 1992

From August 1990 through December 1991, 14 patients[all males] underwent int-rathoracic muscle transposition of extrathoracic skeletal muscles to treat empyemas, 6 patients had tuberculous empyemas, 4 had chronic empyemas of unknown etiology, 3 had pos-tpneumonectomy empyemas, and 1 had postlobectomy empyema. 9 patients had associated bronchopleural fistulas, Their ages ranged from 22 to 67 years, with mean age of 45.1$\pm$17. 6[$\pm$S.D] years. The serratus anterior was transposed in 13 patients, the latissimus dorsi in 12. In 11 patients, both the serratus anterior and the latissimus dorsi were transposed. The omental flap also transposed in 3 patients. To reduce the dead space in the thoracic cavity, thr-oacoplasty was also carried out in 10 patients. The number of the partially resected ribs was 3.0$\pm$0.8[$\pm$S.D.]. All operations were single stage procedures, and all wounds were closed primarily, with no permanent tubes or chest wall openings. There was no hospital mortality, and so no subsequent operation has been required. Follow-up of the patients ranged from 5 to 16 months with a mean of 9.2$\pm$3.1[$\pm$S.D] months, All the patints had no further signs or symptoms of the original infection after discharge. We conclude that intrathoracic transposition of extrathoracic skeletal muscle is an excellent method of treatment for persistent, life-threatening intrathoracic infections.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.649-654
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• 2012

Background Deep burns of the elbow lead to soft tissue necrosis and infection, with exposure of deep structures. Adequate wound coverage of this area requires thin, pliable, and durable tissue, while optimal functional recovery requires early coverage and functional rehabilitation. We have found 3 types of island flaps that provide reliable coverage for the elbow. Methods A retrospective study was performed on all patients who underwent flap coverage of an elbow defect at our hospital. The patients' data including age, sex, cause of injury, wound dimensions, timing of flap coverage, postoperative elbow motion, and complications were investigated. Results Between 2001 and 2012, 16 patients were treated at our hospital. The mean age was 53.3 years. Three kinds of flaps were performed: 9 latissimus dorsi flaps, 4 lateral arm flaps, and 4 radial forearm flaps. The average defect size was 183.5 $cm^2$ (range, 28 to 670 cm2). Wound coverage was performed at mean duration of 45.9 days (range, 14 to 91 days). The mean postoperative active elbow flexion was $98^{\circ}$ (range, $85^{\circ}$ to $115^{\circ}$). Partial flap failure occurred in 1 latissimus dorsi flap. Minor complications included partial flap loss (11.8%), hematoma (23.5%), seroma (35.3%), and wound infection (5.9%). Conclusions Flap selection for elbow reconstruction is determined by the defect size and the extent of the adjacent tissue injury. Elbow reconstruction using an island flap is a single-staged, reliable, and relatively simple procedure that permits initiation of early rehabilitation, thereby improving a patient's functional outcome.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2005

Between June 1989 and may 2004 Ipsilateral vascularized fibular transposition was performed on nine patients with segmental tibial defects combined with infection following trauma. Ipsilateral vascularized fibular graft was performed on two or three stage according to the degree of infection. Initially free vascular pedicled graft was done followed by ipsilateral vascularized fibular graft. Type of free flap used is scapular free flap 3 cases, latissimus dorsi free flap 5 cases and dorsalis pedis flap 1 cases. The patients were followed for an average of 3.4 years. the average time to union was 6.7 months, and in all patients the graft healed in spite of complication. Complication was free flap venous thrombosis in 1 cases, persistent infection in 1 cases, delayed bony union at the distal end of fibular graft in 2 cases. The results showed that more faster bony union was seen in which cases firmly internally fixated and more faster hypertrophy of graft in which cases was permitted to ambulate on early weight bearing and more faster healing in which cases debrided more meticulously. Reconstruction of tibia defect with free flap followed by Ipsilateral fibular transposition is a useful and safe method to avoid the potential risk of infection for patients with tibial large bone defect and soft tissue defect associated with infection.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

Free flap transplantation demands meticulous microsurgical technique to cover the exposed vital structures which is important to restore and maintain functions of the extremities. From July 1992 through December 2000, 99 patients were received reconstructive microsurgery in the upper and lower extremity at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital. The most common cause in the upper extremity was industrial accident, 8 cases of total 15 cases and in the lower extremity was traffic accident, 66 cases of total 84 cases. The most commonly involved site was thumb and finger, 8 cases of total 15 cases and in the lower extremity was leg, 65 cases of total 84 cases. In upper extremity, the wrap around free flap was carried out in 4 cases(4.0%), first dorsal metatarsal artery flap and lateral arm flap were 3 cases(3.0%) each in 15 cases and in lower extremity, latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap were 23 cases(23.2%), gracilis 20cases(20.2%), and rectus abdominis muscle flap 18(18.2%) in 84 cases. Overall 89 cases(89.9%) of 99 cases were survived and maintained and revealed good cosmetic results.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.218-222
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• 2015

Chronic expanding haematoma (CEH) is a rare type of haematoma that enlarges slowly and continuously without coagulation. It can occur following surgery because of shear stress-induced bleeding in the scar tissue between the subcutaneous fat and fascia. We present three cases of large chronic CEH that were successfully treated with triamcinolone injections. Three female patients developed large chronic CEH at 9 months, 5 years, and 6 years, respectively, after latissimus dorsi flap harvesting for breast reconstruction. Although the condition did not improve after multiple sessions of haematoma aspiration in the first two patients, it resolved following a single 40-mg triamcinolone injection along with appropriate compression dressing for several weeks. In the third patient, triamcinolone was injected immediately after the initial aspiration of the haematoma, and the condition improved considerably. There were no side effects in any of the patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of large CEH using triamcinolone. Therefore, we suggest that triamcinolone injections be considered for the treatment of CEH.