• Title/Summary/Keyword: Lateral pressure

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Earth Pressures Acting on the Rigid Wall under Incremental Load (점증하중에 의한 강성벽체에 작용하는 토압)

  • Chon, Yong-Baek;Kwon, Uk-Hwa
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.247-254
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    • 2002
  • This study has researched the following conclusion to compare to the existing theory and to examine lateral earth pressure, which have measured to add incremental load on sandy soil, and were different in types of compaction by modeling earth pressure test. Lateral earth pressure by incremental load shows that it is increasing at depth forty four centimeters as 2/3H point for wall high, and under 2/3 H point the variation of earth pressure on incremental load is not conspicuous. Therefor, the more a position of surcharge load is close with fixed wall, the more a variation of lateral earth pressure marks considerably. According to relative compaction density of soil, lateral earth pressure turns up larger effective value for layer compaction test to a thickness of thirty three centimeters than layer compaction test to a thickness of twenty centimeters by the roller.

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Safety Assessment of Double Deck Plate Wall Formwork against Lateral Pressure of Fresh Concrete (콘크리트 측압에 대한 더블 데크플레이트 벽체 거푸집의 안전성 평가)

  • Lee, Hye-Ji;Mun, Ju-Hyun;Yang, Keun-Hyeok
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2023.11a
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    • pp.225-226
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    • 2023
  • This study examined the lateral deformation of double deck plate wall formworks against the lateral pressure of fresh concrete and then compared with the construction specification.

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A Study on the Lateral Pressure Effect for Ultimate Strength of Ship Platings (선체판부재의 최종강도에 대한 횡압력의 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Park Joo-Shin;Ko Jae-Yong;Lee Jun-Kyo;Lee Kyung-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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    • 2005.04a
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    • pp.583-591
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    • 2005
  • The ship plating is generally subjected to combined in-plane load and lateral pressure loads. In-plane loads include axial load and edge shear, which are mainly induced by overall hull girder bending and torsion of the vessel. Lateral pressure is due to water pressure and cargo. These load components are not always applied simultaneously, but more than one can normally exist and interact. Hence, for more rational and safe design of ship structures, it is of crucial importance to bitter understand the interaction relationship of the buckling and ultimate strength for ship plating under combined loads. Actual ship plates are subjected to relatively small water pressure except for the impact load due to slamming and panting etc. The present paper describes an accurate and fast procedure for analyzing the elastic-plastic large deflection behavior up to the ultimate limit state of ship plates under combined loads. In this paper, the ultimate strength characteristics of plates under axial compressive loads and lateral pressure loads are investigated through ANSYS elastic-plastic large deflection finite element analysis with varying lateral pressure load level.

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Lateral Earth Pressure Caused by Action on Earth Retaining Wall in Clay Foundation Ground with Consideration of Construction Speed (지중 구조물에 작용하는 측방토압에 대한 성토 재하 속도의 영향)

  • Im Eun-Sang;Lee Kang-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.20 no.7
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    • pp.57-68
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    • 2004
  • When an embankment is constructed on soft clay ground, the lateral displacement generally called as lateral flow is generated in the foundation ground. It strongly affects stabilities of structures, such as foundation piles and underground pipes, in and on the foundation ground. The lateral earth pressure induced by the lateral flow is influenced by the magnitude and construction speed of embankment, the geometric conditions and geotechnical characteristics of the embankment, and the foundation ground, and so on. Accurate methods for estimating the lateral earth pressure have not ever been established because the lateral flow of a foundation ground shows very complicated behavior, which is caused by the interaction of shear deformation and volumetric deformation. In this paper, a series of model tests were carried out in order to clarify effects of construction speed of an embankment on the lateral earth pressure in a foundation ground were design. It was found that the magnitude and the distribution of the lateral earth pressure and its change with time are dependent on the construction speed of the embankment. It was found that a mechanism for the lateral earth pressure was generated by excess pore water pressure due to negative dilatancy induced by shear deformation under the different conditions of construction speeds of embankments.

Model Tests for Measurement of Lateral Earth Pressure on Retaining Wall with the Relieving Platform Using Jumoonjin Sand (주문진 모래를 이용한 선반식 옹벽의 수평토압 측정 모형시험)

  • Moon, In-Jong;Kim, Byoung-Il;Yoo, Wan-Kyu;Park, Yong-Seok
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.11
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    • pp.5923-5929
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    • 2013
  • Recently, the retaining wall with the relieving platform has received increasing interests also in Korea in that it can reduce the lateral earth pressure and provide more stability than conventional retaining wall. Previous studies with model tests studies covered only a limited test conditions. In this study, total 15 model tests were performed for various conditions with improved model test apparatus to confirm the effect of decreasing the lateral earth pressure on the retaining wall with the relieving platform. Jumoonjin sand was used for model soil and 2 load cells were used for each 15 layers to measure the lateral earth pressure. Based on the experimental results, the lateral earth pressure of the retaining wall with the relieving platform is less than the that of cantilever wall. The length of the platform and the location of the platform are the key factors influencing the lateral earth pressure.

The Effect of Rear Foot Wedge Angle on Peak Plantar Pressures on the Forefoot During Walking (Rear Foot Wedge 각도가 보행시 전족저 최대압력에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon, Oh-Yun;Jung, Do-Young;Park, Kyoung-Hee
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to find the effect of rear foot wedge angle on peak plantar pressures on the forefoot during walking. Twenty normal healthy subjects (10 female, 10 male) were recruited. Peak plantar pressure was measured using pressure distribution platforms (MatScan system) in medial forefoot (under the first, second metatarsal head) and lateral forefoot (under the third, fourth, fifth metatarsal head). The subjects walked at the comfortable velocity under seven conditions; bare footed, $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ wedges under the medial and lateral sides of the hindfoot. The three averaged peak plantar pressures were collected at each condition at stance and toe off phases. The results showed that a significant increase in lateral forefoot plantar peak pressure investigated in the medial wedge and a significant decrease in lateral forefoot plantar peak pressure investigated in lateral wedge at stance phase (p<.05). These results suggest that rear foot wedge may be useful to modify the peak plantar pressure on the forefoot.

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A Study on the Application of Lateral Earth Pressure to Earth Retaining Wall Considering Ground Characteristics in Jeju II - Case of Earth Anchor Construction - (제주 지역의 지반 특성을 고려한 흙막이벽의 측방토압 적용에 관한 연구 II -어스앵커 공법 시공 사례-)

  • Do-Hyeong Kim;Dong-Wook Lee;Seung-Hyun Kim;Kwon-Moon Ko
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.85-92
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    • 2023
  • This paper describes the comparative results of measured and predicted values for the horizontal displacement of earth retaining wall based on two field cases, in order to evaluate the application of lateral earth pressure to earth retaining wall supported by earth anchor in Jeju. The prediction of lateral earth pressure acting on the earth retaining wall was performed by elasto-plastic analysis using Rankine earth pressure, Hong & Yun lateral earth pressure, Terzaghi & Peck modified lateral earth pressure, and Tschebotarioff lateral earth pressure. As a result, the predicted value of the maximum horizontal displacement for site A was about 10 to 12 times greater than the measured value, and in the case of site B, the predicted value was evaluated as about 9 to 12 times greater than the measured value. That is, both sites showed a similar increase rate in the maximum horizontal displacement by the predicted value compared to the measured value. In all field construction cases, the maximum horizontal displacement by measured values occurred in the sedimentary layer, soft rock layer, and clinker layer, and the horizontal displacement distribution was shown in a trapezoidal shape. The maximum horizontal displacement by the predicted value occurred around the clinker layer, and the horizontal displacement distribution was elliptical. In the ground with a clinker layer, the measured value showed a very different horizontal displacement tendency from the predicted value, because the clinker layer exists in the form of a rock layer and continuous layer. In other words, it is unreasonable to apply the existing prediction method, which is overestimated, because the characteristics of the earth pressure distribution in Jeju show a tendency to be quite different from the predicted earth pressure distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a research on the lateral earth pressure in the realistic Jeju that can secure more economic efficiency.

Suitability Evaluation of Lateral Earth Pressure for Design Diaphragm Walls applied to the Top-Down Construction Method (Top-Down 공법이 적용된 지중연속벽의 설계시 측방토압의 적합성 평가)

  • Hong, Won-Pyo;Kang, Chul-Joong;Yun, Jung-Mann
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 2012
  • The Rankine(1857)'s earth pressure and the Hong and Yun(1995a)'s earth pressure was applied to analyze the lateral displacement of diaphragm wall applied to the Top-Down construction method using the computer program, which is a common design program for diaphragm wall. The lateral displacement estimated by the computer program was compared with the lateral displacement measured by inclinometer. The Rankine's earth pressure has been widely used to design the diaphragm wall in the analysis of computer program. As the result of comparison, the lateral displacement of diaphragm wall was predicted differently according to the applied earth pressures. The behavior of lateral displacement predicted by the Rankine's earth pressure was different with displacement measured by inclinometer and the lateral displacement at the bottom part was overestimated. However, the lateral displacement predicted by the Hong and Yun's earth pressure is similar to the behavior and maximum value of real displacement. Therefore, the Hong and Yun's earth pressure is more suitable than the Rankine' earth pressure to design the diaphragm walls applied to the Top-Down Construction Method.

Lateral strain-axial strain model for concrete columns confined by lateral reinforcement under axial compression

  • Hou, Chongchi;Zheng, Wenzhong
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.84 no.2
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    • pp.239-251
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    • 2022
  • The use of lateral reinforcement in confined concrete columns can improve bearing capacity and deformability. The lateral responses of lateral reinforcement significantly influence the effective confining pressure on core concrete. However, lateral strain-axial strain model of concrete columns confined by lateral reinforcement has not received enough attention. In this paper, based on experimental results of 85 concrete columns confined by lateral reinforcement under axial compression, the effect of unconfined concrete compressive strength, volumetric ratio, lateral reinforcement yield strength, and confinement type on lateral strain-axial strain curves was investigated. Through parameter analysis, it indicated that with the same level of axial strain, the lateral strain slightly increased with the increase in the unconfined concrete compressive strength, but decreased with the increase in volumetric ratio significantly. The lateral reinforcement yield strength had slight influence on lateral strain-axial strain curves. At the same level of lateral strain, the axial strain of specimen with spiral was larger than that of specimen with stirrup. Furthermore, a lateral strain-axial strain model for concrete columns confined by lateral reinforcement under axial compression was proposed by introducing the effects of unconfined concrete compressive strength, volumetric ratio, confinement type and effective confining pressure, which showed good agreement with the experimental results.

Pressure Sore and Necrosis over the lateral malleolus of the Ankle (족근 관절 외과 부위의 압박궤양과 괴사)

  • Park, In-Heon;Song, Gyung-Won;Shin, Sung-Il;Lee, Jin-Young;Suh, Dong-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 2002
  • Pressure sores are an ulceration and necrosis of the skin and underlying tissue usually occur after prolonged or repeated pressure by interruption of blood flow from the small. vessels to the skin and deep tissue. The management of pressure sores is mostly difficult and requires prolonged hospitalization or repeated surgical interventions with a high recurrence rate. In this article we reviewed 14 cases of National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Pannel staging III, IV over the lateral malleolar area of the ankle in 2 years period from January 1999 to October 2001. The pressure over lateral malleolar area was mainly due to unique Korean sitting position with cross legs at flexed hips and knees or supine position of patient with external rotation of low extremity. Male to female ratio was 11: 3 and ages were between 36 and 83 (mean age: 67.1 years). Associated diseases were DM(7 cases), Hemiparesis caused by CVA(2 cases), Liver cirrhosis(2 cases), disarticulation of opposite hip due to squamous cell ca.(1 case), Intertrochanteric Fx.(1 case). Wound cultures reported Staphylococus, Pseudomonas and others. Abnormally elevated ESR and CRP were seen in 6 cases. Operative treatments were irrigation and debridement, direct closure with gravity drainage and skin grafting. The most important aspect of pressure sore treatment is pressure relief of the lateral malleolar area. Pressure-relieving Cast or Brace was helpful for local management and preventing recurrence.

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