• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2017

해상구조물, 송전탑 등을 지지하는 말뚝기초는 바람, 조류, 파랑 등의 영향으로 횡방향 반복하중을 지배적으로 받으며, 이는 말뚝 주변 지반에 영구수평변위를 발생시켜 구조물의 안정성 및 기능성을 저해한다. 본 연구에서는 횡방향 반복하중에 의해 발생하는 말뚝의 영구수평변위를 평가하기 위하여, 서로 다른 세 가지 상대밀도(40%, 70%, 90%)로 조성된 건조 및 포화 모래지반에서 모형말뚝시험을 수행하였다. 모형시험 결과, 모든 시험조건에서 말뚝에 재하 된 횡방향 반복하중은 말뚝 주변 지반에 영구수평변위를 발생시켰다. 누적된 영구수평변위의 크기는 말뚝에 재하되는 횡방향 반복하중의 크기 및 재하횟수가 증가함에 따라 증가하였지만, 1회 재하로 인하여 발생되는 영구수평변위의 증가량은 점차 감소하였다. 또한, 말뚝에 발생하는 영구수평변위는 지반의 상대밀도가 클수록 작게 발생하고, 지반이 포화되면 크게 발생되는 것으로 평가되었다. 추가적으로, 누적 영구수평변위를 최초 재하 시 발생한 영구수평변위로 정규화한 영구수평변위를 평가하였으며, 이를 모래지반의 상대밀도, 횡방향 반복하중의 재하횟수에 관한 식으로 나타내었다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-78
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• 2012

The available analytical methods of analysis for laterally loaded piles in level ground cannot be directly applied to such piles in sloping ground. With the commercially available software, the simulation of the appropriate field condition is a challenging task, and the results are subjective. Therefore, it becomes essential to understand the process of development of a user-framed numerical formulation, which may be used easily as per the specific site conditions without depending on other indirect methods of analysis as well as on the software. In the present study, a detailed three-dimensional finite element formulation is presented for the analysis of laterally loaded piles in sloping ground developing the 18 node triangular prism elements. An application of the numerical formulation has been illustrated for the pile located at the crest of the slope and for the pile located at some edge distance from the crest. The specific examples show that at any given depth, the displacement and bending moment increase with an increase in slope of the ground, whereas they decrease with increasing edge distance.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.5-18
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 모형실험을 통해 균질모래지반에 매설된 횡력을 받는 무리말뚝의 수평저항력을 산정하는데 가장 큰 영향을 주는 배면토의 저항형태를 파악하였다. 저항거동 형태는 회전절점, 쐐기 파괴각, 쐐기 날개각으로 파악하였다. 실험은 지반의 상대밀도, 말뚝의 폭, 말뚝의 간격과 배열을 달리하여 수행하였다. 그 결과 직렬말뚝에서의 지반거동 양상은 전열과 중간열이 같았고 후열의 경우 전열과 중간열 보다 작은 값을 나타내었다. 병렬말뚝의 경우 지반거동 양상이 단독말뚝과 같게 나타났다. 실험 결과를 바탕으로 회전절점, 쐐기 파괴각, 쐐기 날개각 산정 값 들을 식으로 제안하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.505-522
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• 2017

A fundamental study of drilled shafts-soil systems subjected to lateral cyclic loading in weathered soil was conducted using numerical analyses. The emphasis was on quantifying the soil resistance of laterally cyclic loaded pile using 3D finite element analysis. The appropriate parametric studies needed for verifying the cyclic p-y characteristic are presented in this paper. A framework for determining the cyclic lateral load transfer curve (p-y curves) on the basis of numerical analyses is proposed. Through comparisons with results of field load tests, the three-dimensional numerical methodology in the present study is in good agreement with the general trend observed by in situ measurements and thus, represents a realistic soil-pile interaction for laterally loaded piles in soil than that of existing p-y method. It can be said that a rigorous present analysis can overcome the limitations of existing cyclic p-y methods to some extent by considering the effect of realistic three-dimensional combination of pile-soil forces. The proposed cyclic p-y curve is shown to be capable of predicting the behavior of the drilled shafts in weathered soil.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.495-524
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• 2014

To investigate the soil-pile interactive performance under lateral loads, a set of laboratory model tests was conducted on remoulded test bed of soft clay and medium dense sand. Then, a simplified boundary element analysis had been carried out assuming floating pile. In case of soft clay, it has been observed that lateral loads on piles can initiate the formation of a gap, soil heave and the tension crack in the vicinity of the soil surface and the interface, whereas in medium dense sand, a semi-elliptical depression zone can develop. Comparison of test and boundary element results indicates the accuracy of the solution developed. However, in the boundary element analysis, the possible shear stresses likely to be developed at the interface are ignored in order to simplify the existing complex equations. Moreover, it is unable to capture the influence of base restraint in case of a socketed pile. To bridge up this gap and to study the influence of the initial stress state and interface parameters, a field based case-study of laterally-loaded pile in layered soil with socketed tip is explored and modelled using the finite element method. The results of the model have been verified against known field measurements from a case-study. Parametric studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of the coefficient of lateral earth pressure and the interface strength reduction factor on the results of the model.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.369-378
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• 2010

In this study, a computer program to predict the behavior of laterally loaded single pile and pile groups was developed by using a beam-column analysis in which the soils are modeled as nonlinear springs by a family of p-y curves for subgrade modulus. The special attention was given to the lateral displacement of a single pile and pile groups due to the soil condition and the cap rigidity. The analysis considering group effect was carried out for $2{\times}2$ and $3{\times}3$ pile groups with the pile spacing 3.0B, 4.0B and 5.0B. Based on the results obtained, it is found that the overall distributions of deflection, slope, moment, and shear force in a single pile give a reasonable results irrespective of cap connectivity conditions. It is also found that even though there are some deviations in deflection prediction compared with the observed ones, the prediction by present analysis simulates much better the general trend observed by the centrifuge tests than the numerical solution predicted by PIGLET.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.479-489
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• 2014

In the present study a parametric analysis is conducted to study the effect of pile dimension and soil properties on the nonlinear dynamic response of pile subjected to lateral sinusoidal load at the pile head. The study is conducted on soil-pile model of different pile diameter, pile length and soil modulus, and results are compared to get the effect. The soil-pile system is modelled using Finite element method. The programming is done in MATLAB. Time history analysis of model is done for varying non-dimensional frequency of load and the results are compared to get the non-dimensional frequency at which pile head displacement is maximum in each case. Maximum possible bending moment and soil-pile interacting forces for the dynamic excitation of the pile is also compared. When results are compared with the linear response, it is observed that non-dimensional frequency is reduced in nonlinear response on account of reduction in the soil stiffness due to yielding. Nonlinear response curve shows high amplitude as compared to linear response curve.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-73
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• 2012

The paper presents the analysis of two groups of piles subjected to lateral loads incorporating the non-linear behaviour of soil. The finite element method is adopted for carrying out the parametric study of the pile groups. The pile is idealized as a one dimensional beam element, the pile cap as two dimensional plate elements and the soil as non-linear elastic springs using the p-y curves developed by Georgiadis et al. (1992). Two groups of piles, embedded in a cohesive soil, involving two and three piles in series and parallel arrangement thereof are considered. The response of the pile groups is found to be significantly affected by the parameters such as the spacing between the piles, the number of piles in a group and the orientation of the lateral load. The non-linear response of the system is, further, compared with the one by Chore et al. (2012) obtained by the analysis of a system to the present one, except that the soil is assumed to be linear elastic. From the comparison, it is observed that the non-linearity of soil is found to increase the top displacement of the pile group in the range of 66.4%-145.6%, while decreasing the fixed moments in the range of 2% to 20% and the positive moments in the range of 54% to 57%.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.831-837
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• 2005

In this study, a computer program to predict the behavior of laterally loaded single pile and pile groups was developed by using a beam-column analysis in which the soils are modeled as nonlinear springs by a family of p-y curves for subgrade modulus. The special attention was given to the lateral displacement of a single pile and pile groups due to the soil condition and the cap rigidity. The analysis considering group effect was carried out for $2\;{\times}\;2\;and\;3\;{\times}\;3$ pile groups with the pile spacing 3.0B, 4.0B and 5.0B. Based on the results obtained, it is found that the overall distributions of deflection, slope, moment, and shear force in a single pile give a reasonable results irrespective of cap connectivity conditions. It is also found that even though there are some deviations in deflection prediction compared with the observed ones, the prediction by present analysis simulates much better the general trend observed by the centrifuge tests than the numerical solution predicted by PIGLET.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 횡방향 하중을 받는 말뚝의 해석 해를 유도하고 그로부터 말뚝의 거동분석과 더불어 긴 말뚝으로의 거동기준이 되는 임계 말뚝길이(critical pile length)를 지반조건을 달리하여 구하고 비교 분석하였다. 또한 해석 해에 의한 말뚝의 거동과 p-y곡선을 적용한 수치해석을 통해 말뚝의 거동을 비교분석하였다. 해석 해에 따르면 밀도를 달리한 지반조건에 대해 무차원 임계 말뚝길이는 해석에서 고려한 세 가지 말뚝머리 경계조건에 있어 2.3~3.2 사이였다. 해석 해에 의한 결과와 수치해석에 의한 결과를 비교하면 말뚝길이에 따른 말뚝의 변형과 모멘트 분포양상은 유사하였다. 말뚝머리 변형량은 해석에 의한 경우가 수치해석에 의한 경우보다 보수적인 값을 보여주었으며 휨모멘트의 값은 해석에 의한 값과 수치해석에 의한 값 사이에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.