• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.293-304
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• 1996

The Wolchul Mt. area is composed of a biotite granite and a pink feldspar granite. These granites are distinctly different in terms of their field occurrence, mineralogy, trace element and REE composition, as well as their isotope ages. The biotite granite has higher ferromagnesian elements and lower lithophile trace element abundances than the pink feldspar granite. The biotite granite has high Sr and Ba while the pink feldspar granite has high Rb. On the Rb-Sr-Ba diagram the biotite granite plots as a granodiorite while the pink feldspar granite belongs to a strongly differentiated granite. The ${\Sigma}$ LREE/ ${\Sigma}$ REE for the biotite granite is 0.95 and for the pink feldspar granite it is 0.88. The ratio shows a steep decrese in LREE while HREE is essentially constant. Based on the Eu/Sm, $[La/Lu]_{cN}$ and low Eu(-), the biotite granite has quartz diorite to granodiorite composition while the pink feldspar granite, with a relatively high Eu(-) anomaly, falls into the monzo- to syenogranite classification. The silica vs. trace element diagrams for the two granites indicate that the biotite granite could have formed near to a continental margin or volcanic island setting environment while the pink feldspar granite formed within a continental plate or as result of plate collision. The biotite granite has a U-Pb zircon age of 175 Ma, i.e. Middle Jurassic. The pink feldspar granite is younger, it has a K-Ar orthoclase age $93.6{\pm}1.5$ Ma which is Late Cretaceous age.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.619-629
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• 1988

The increasing number of replacement of the substitute cardiac valves were seen in these 2 years. Out of a total 1,408 patients with cardiac valve replacement, 54 required replacement of the substitute valves. Fifty-nine substitute valves replaced were 43 in mitral, 14 in aortic and 2 in tricuspid positions; and they were 36 Ionescu-Shiley, 15 Hancock and 3 Angell-Shiley bioprosthetic valves and 3 St. Jude Medical and 2 Bjork-Shiley prosthetic valves. Primary tissue failure was the most frequent reason of replacement[38 patients] followed by paravalvular leak[9 patients], prosthetic valve endocarditis[6 patients] and valve thrombosis[1 patient] in order. The most pronounced pathology of the failed xenograft valves seen in the primary tissue failure group was calcification and fixation of the cusps with or without tear and defect of the cuspal tissue. The operative mortality rate was 7.4%. Fifty early survivors were followed up for a total of 82.6 patient-years and there was no late death. Actuarial survival rate was 92.3*3.8% at 6 years after surgery. Although the definite tendency toward early and accelerated degeneration of the xenograft valves has been seen in patients younger than 20 to 25 years of age, no strict age limit from where the tissue failure slows down could be determined. The requirement of the ideal substitute valves would be the durability of the recently developed mechanical prostheses armed with the low thrombogenicity of the bioprostheses. At the present time, the need of compromise in selection between less thrombogenic bioprosthetic and more durable mechanical valves should be stressed. The difficulty in choice is yet important in patients of middle age and children where the use of homograft valves may be one of the solution despite of certain limitations from sociomedical reasons.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.107-117
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• 1977

The Charyong batholith extends northeasterly from the west coast to the west of Wonju in the central parts of Korean Penninsula. The batholith is separated by the metamorphic complex into the northern and the southern granites. and is believed to intrude during the Daebo orogeny of early Jurassic to early Cretaceous age. It constitutes a sort of anticlinorium and the metamorphic complex can be regarded as a huge roof pendant. The modal analysis indicates that the Charyong batholith belongs to a series of adamellite-granodiorte-to-nalite. The oxidation property happened during a magmatic segregation reveals that the batholith shows in general orogenic assimilation trend. The granites of early to middle Jurassic age show orogenic assimilation trend, whereas those of late Jurassic to early Cretaceous age post orogenic noassimilation trend. The fracture system of the whole region is two folds: the fractures having attitute of $N25{\sim}40^{\circ}E$ and $70^{\circ}SE$ are regarded as tension fractures, and those of NS, and 50E to vertical and $N50^{\circ}E$ and $80^{\circ}E$ to vertical as shear fractures. All these facts suggest definitely that the Charyong batholith is the syntectonic intrusives during the Daebo orogeny. The mineral deposits in the area studied are gold-silver deposits in majority which was named by O,J.Kim(1970) as the Chonan metallogenic province. They are sulfides baring quartz veins which were emplaced along the tension and shear fractures originated by the Daebo orogeny.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2005

Objective : The authors characterize a syndrome of multiple neurogenic tumors in the spinal canal, which is unclassifiable by the current National Institute of Health[NIH] criteria for neurofibromatosis. Methods : We retrospectively examined cases in which two or more spinal neurogenic tumors were detected by magnetic resonance[MR] imaging and which had been pathologically confirmed. Eighteen patients were recruited between February 1986 and March 2002. According to NIH criteria, eight cases were neurofibromatosis type 1[NF1], four were type 2[NF2], and six were neither type 1 nor type 2 [Unclassifiable : UC]. The locations of lesions, clinical presentations, radiological findings, and pathological results with immunohistochemistry were reviewed. Results : In the case of NF2, three of four cases were intradural tumors. Pathological examinations revealed neurilemmomas in two of four NF2 and all of the UC cases. In the case of NF1, pathological examinations showed seven neurofibromas and one neurilemmoma. Concerning UC, the age at presentation was middle-aged to late [mean age 48.5, range 35 to 64], which contrasted with ordinary NF2, where patients tended to become symptomatic before 20years of age. The pathological examinations of UC cases revealed neurilemmoma similar to most of NF2 and the immunohistochemical study showed characteristic of NF1. Conclusion : Multiple neurogenic tumors in the spinal canal are an under-recognized disease entity. Further studies for genetic aberration in multiple spinal neurogenic tumors are needed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.357-366
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• 2019

Deposition of the Daedong Supergroup has been considered to be related with the Triassic Songrim and Jurassic Daebo orogenies. The Chungnam Basin fills is an important sedimentary succession to understand the geological evolution of the Early to Middle Mesozoic Korean Peninsula. Previous paleontological and paleomagnetic studies have suggested the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic sedimentation of the Chungnam Basin fills. However, the orogenic model of the basin development has remained controversial because recently reported zircon U-Pb isotopic ages are not harmonious with the previous studies. This paper aims to review the stratigraphy, depositional age, and composition of the Chungnam Basin fills, together with test of the basin development models.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1747-1749
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• 2015

Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the major health concerns in Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. However, only a limited number of studies have been reported from this region. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics and survival rate of esophageal cancer in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Clinical information, histological features and endoscopic findings were collected from a tertiary care center in central region of Thailand between September 2011- November 2014 and reviewed. Results: A total of 64 esophageal cancer patients including 58 men and 6 women with mean age of 62.6 years were enrolled. Common presenting symptoms were dysphagia (74%), dyspepsia (10%) and hematemesis (8%). Mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 72 days. Esophageal stenosis with contact bleeding was the most common endoscopic finding (55.6%). The location of cancer was found in proximal (16%), middle (50%) and distal (34%) esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma was far more common histology than adenocarcinoma (84.2% vs 10.5%). However, esophageal adenocarcinoma was significantly more common than squamous cell carcinoma in distal area of esophagus (100% vs 22.9%; p=0.0001, OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.1-2.2). Esophageal cancer stages 3 and 4 accounted for 35.2% and 59.3% respectively. Overall 2-year survival rate was 20% and only 16% in metastatic patients. Conclusions: Most esophageal cancer patients in Thailand have squamous cell carcinoma and nearly all present at advanced stage with a grave prognosis. Screening of high risk individuals and early detection might be important keys to improve the survival rate and treatment outcome in Thailand.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2001

The coastal deposits along Moonamni, Kangwon Province, Korea have been investigated by using deeply cored sediments(down to the basement rocks : Pre-Cambrian metamorphic rocks and granitic rocks) in order to understand and propose the late Quaternary stratigraphy and related major unconformities. Three major stratigraphic -depositional units are proposed. The neolithic cultural sites in the Moonamni area are considered as middle Holocene coastal dunes, which were developed due to active supply of beach sands from Unit I(Holocene transgressive deposit). Such coastal dune sediments are characteristic in the upper part of Unit I(Holocene in age). So far, Unit II and Unit III are considered as continental deposits, such as fluvial-swamp and alluvial deposit, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2006

The definition of the 'Pocket', according to the Korean encyclopedia, is an accessory that a person puts in small belongings or money and carry on waist or holds with a hand. Since the pockets were not attached to the clothes at that period of time, the portable bag or pocket had been used without distinction of age or sex for carrying personal belongings. The pocket in France was also used in a similar manner, where it was used as a handbag to carry purse, comb, or a key by women during the middle ages. The pockets were decorated, made of quality material such as velvet, silk, or satin with splendid embroidery or beads. This study closely examines the history of the pocket from late 16th century around Renaissance to early 20th century in France and during the mid Cho-Sun dynasty in Korea and compares the different kinds of patterns, symbolism, and the purpose of the pockets. In addition, the relationships between the pockets, belongings, and ornament are examined as well by thoroughly investigating the unique characteristics of the pocket of each country.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 1990

Magnetic anisotropy of a total of 213 independently oriented Tertiary rock samples from Pohang-Ulsan area has been studied. The sampled strata comprise basalts, tuffs and black shale, and range in age from Eocene to Miocene. The previous palaeomagnetic studies indicate that their magnetic carrier minerals are titanomagnetites. Among 23 sampled sites, 11 sites were found to preserve magnetic load foliation parallel to the bedding plane caused by the Iithostatic load of the overlying strata. Other 4 sites showed magnetic lineation indicating the flow direction of lava and tuffs. The remaining 8 sites revealed the magnetic tectonic foliation nearly vertical to the bedding plane. This magnetic foliation is interpreted to be generated by tectonic compression which acted nearly horizontally during the solidification stage of the strata. The compression directions deduced from the tectonic foliation of the 8 sites can be grouped into internally very consistent two group: a N-S trending one and the other WNW-ESE trending one. It is interpreted that the former N-S compression was associated with the N-S spreading of the East Sea(Sea of Japan) and the dextral strike-slip movement of the Yangsan-Ulsan fault system. The latter WNW-ESE compression is interpreted to represent the folding and reverse faulting activity in the Korean and Tsushima straits during middle/late Miocene times.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.49-60
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• 2010

This study sought to investigate and assess the development patterns of children, aged from 3 to 5, by means of a longitudinal approach. The children's developmental patterns are classified according to five curriculum areas; physical health, social skills, expression, language, and exploration-. The developmental patterns are analyzed in detail according to the observation period, children's ages, and their genders. The subjects consisted of 108 children in A city. A research assistant was asked to observe and keep records of the children's behaviors at three distinct times -early, middle, and late in the school year. The 'observational scale for children' was used as the measurement tool. The data which was thus collected was then subject to statistical analysis. The major findings of the study are as follows. First, there were significant differences in all five curriculum areas according to the children's age and observation period. That is, five-year-old children showed higher scores than three- and four-year-old children. Second, there were significant differences in the social development within five curriculum areas according to the children's gender and the observation period. That is, girls exhibited higher scores than boys.