• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1777-1782
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• 2007

Beef producers are trying to produce not only better quality but also greater quantity of beef in order to meet the preferences of some consumers at a lower cost. This can be accomplished if we understand the factors regulating lipid deposition in intramuscular adipose tissue and the tenderness of meat. Propylene glycol (PG) might be used as a precursor of intramuscular fat synthesis especially in the late period of fattening because adipose tissue in ruminants is thought to mature sequentially in abdominal, intermuscular, subcutaneous and intramuscular depots. The action of cholecalciferol supplementation has been verified in producing more tender meat through the enhancement of calpain activity over the postmortem ageing period. A synergistic effect can be expected if the dietary cation and anion difference (DCAD) technique is used in combination with dietary supplementation of cholecalciferol. In another approach, the optimization of hormonal implant use also may provide similarly marbled beef at a much lower cost.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.635-641
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• 1999

In this study, we investigated the immunopotent activities of lepidan, a water soluble proteoglycan from Lentinus lepideus. To examine whether lepidan may affect nonspecific immune responses, we determined the effect on the production of nitric oxide (NO). Lepidan effectively increased the NO production in IFN-${\gamma}$ and LPS triggered RAW 264.7 cells. To further demonstrate the evidence that lepidan activates various immune cells, we determined the alkaline phosphatase activity, plaque-forming cell number and secretion of interleukine-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) after lepidan treatment in murine splenocytes. The results showed that lepidan increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the number of plaque-forming cells, which indicates that lepidan can lead B lymphocytes to late stage of differentiation. Also, when the splenocytes were cultured with lepidan for 48 hr, the level of IL-4 and GM-CSF in the supernatant dramatically increased. Taken together, these data suggest that lepidan is a biological response modulator that is able to activate immune responses.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.358-364
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• 2010

The necessity for harmonically growing of economy and environment has been on the rise late in the twentieth century. Green transformation is defined as efficiency enhancement of conventional guns and ammunitions. We also define green innovation as evolution of fire power systems breaking with conventional methodology. This kind of green innovation could even change a paradigm of warfare in the future. In this paper, we classify the green technology in the field of fire power into five technological groups, and the research and development trend of green technology in the field of fire power is analyzed.

• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회
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• pp.35-39
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• 2005

Phosphor powders of zinc gal late added with Mg and rare-earth elements were prepared by sol id state reaction to improve luminescent properties. Green emitting $ZnMnGa_{2}O_{4}$ reached maximum intensity at Mn=0,005 mole$\%$ and further improvement was achieved by addition of $Mg^{2+}$. Tm, Mg-added zinc gallate phosphor exhibited a strong blue band emission, peaking at about 420 nm with the maximum intensity at the concentration of 0.003 mole$\%$ Mg and 0.015 mole$\%$ Tm. Deepening of the potential wells of the ground and excited states was suggested to be the cause for the enhancement in emission intensity at optimal doping of Mg and Tm.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.298-307
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing the consensus statement from the Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging-Practical Tutorial 2020 (ASCI-PT 2020) on the reliability of cardiac MR with late gadolinium enhancement (CMR-LGE) myocardial viability scoring between observers in the context of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 cardiovascular imaging experts from five different countries evaluated CMR obtained in 26 patients (male:female, 23:3; median age [interquartile range], 55.5 years [50-61.8]) with ischemic cardiomyopathy. For LGE scoring, based on the 17 segments, the extent of LGE in each segment was graded using a five-point scoring system ranging from 0 to 4 before and after exposure according to the consensus statement. All scoring was performed via web-based review. Scores for slices, vascular territories, and total scores were obtained as the sum of the relevant segmental scores. Interobserver reliability for segment scores was assessed using Fleiss' kappa, while the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for slice score, vascular territory score, and total score. Inter-observer agreement was assessed using the limits of agreement from the mean (LoA). Results: Interobserver reliability (Fleiss' kappa) in each segment ranged 0.242-0.662 before the consensus and increased to 0.301-0.774 after the consensus. The interobserver reliability (ICC) for each slice, each vascular territory, and total score increased after the consensus (slice, 0.728-0.805 and 0.849-0.884; vascular territory, 0.756-0.902 and 0.852-0.941; total score, 0.847 and 0.913, before and after implementing the consensus statement, respectively. Interobserver agreement in scoring also improved with the implementation of the consensus for all slices, vascular territories, and total score. The LoA for the total score narrowed from ± 10.36 points to ± 7.12 points. Conclusion: The interobserver reliability and agreement for CMR-LGE scoring for ischemic cardiomyopathy improved when following guidance from the ASCI-PT 2020 consensus statement.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.838-848
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• 2023

Objective: To quantitatively analyze the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) characteristics of chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) and explore their prognostic value for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Materials and Methods: A total of 145 patients (male:female = 76:69, mean age = 63.0 years) with cancer and heart failure who underwent CMR between January 2015 and January 2021 were included. CMR was performed using a 3T scanner (Siemens). Biventricular functions, native T1 T2, extracellular volume fraction (ECV) values, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) of the left ventricle (LV) were compared between those with and without CTRCD. These were compared between patients with mild-to-moderate CTRCD and those with severe CTRCD. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the CMR parameters and MACE occurrence during follow-up in the CTRCD patients. Results: Among 145 patients, 61 had CTRCD and 84 did not have CTRCD. Native T1, ECV, and T2 were significantly higher in the CTRCD group (1336.9 ms, 32.5%, and 44.7 ms, respectively) than those in the non-CTRCD group (1303.4 ms, 30.5%, and 42.0 ms, respectively; P = 0.013, 0.010, and < 0.001, respectively). They were not significantly different between patients with mild-to-moderate and severe CTRCD. Indexed LV mass was significantly smaller in the CTRCD group (65.0 g/m² vs. 78.9 g/mm²; P < 0.001). According to the multivariable Cox regression analysis, T2 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.27; P = 0.028) and quantified LGE (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.13; P = 0.021) were independently associated with MACE in the CTRCD patients. Conclusion: Quantitative parameters from CMR have the potential to evaluate myocardial changes in CTRCD. Increased T2 with reduced LV mass was demonstrated in CTRCD patients even before the development of severe cardiac dysfunction. T2 and quantified LGE may be independent prognostic factors for MACE in patients with CTRCD.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2020

This document is the third part of the guidelines for the interpretation and post-processing of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) studies. These consensus recommendations have been developed by a Consensus Committee of the Korean Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (KOSCI) to standardize the requirements for image interpretation and post-processing of CMR. This third part of the recommendations describes tissue characterization modules, including perfusion, late gadolinium enhancement, and T1- and T2 mapping. Additionally, this document provides guidance for visual and quantitative assessment, consisting of "What-to-See," "How-To," and common pitfalls for the analysis of each module. The Consensus Committee hopes that this document will contribute to the standardization of image interpretation and post-processing of CMR studies.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.100-113
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• 2019

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas. Cardiac involvement is known to have poor prognosis because it can manifest as a serious condition such as the conduction abnormality, heart failure, ventricular arrhythmia, or sudden cardiac death. Although early diagnosis and early treatment is critical to improve patient prognosis, the diagnosis of CS is challenging in most cases. Diagnosis usually relies on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), but its diagnostic yield is low due to the incidence of patchy myocardial involvement. Guidelines for the diagnosis of CS recommend a combination of clinical, electrocardiographic, and imaging findings from various modalities, if EMB cannot confirm the diagnosis. Especially, the role of advanced imaging such as cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and positron emission tomography (PET), has shown to be important not only for the diagnosis, but also for monitoring treatment response and prognostication. CMR can evaluate cardiac function and fibrotic scar with good specificity. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in CMR shows a distinctive enhancement pattern for each disease, which may be useful for differential diagnosis of CS from other similar diseases. Effectively, T1 or T2 mapping techniques can be also used for early recognition of CS. In the meantime, PET can detect and quantify metabolic activity and can be used to monitor treatment response. Recently, the use of a hybrid CMR-PET has introduced to allow identify patients with active CS with excellent co-localization and better diagnostic accuracy than CMR or PET alone. However, CS may show various findings with a wide spectrum, therefore, radiologists should consider the possible differential diagnosis of CS including myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, amyloidosis, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Radiologists should recognize the differences in various diseases that show the characteristics of mimicking CS, and try to get an accurate diagnosis of CS.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.98-106
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• 1987

Carbofuran이 벼 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향을 알기 위해 1981년(年)부터 1986년(年)까지 영남작물시험장(嶺南作物試驗場)에서 벼종자(種子) 발아영향(發芽影響), 못자리 묘생육영향(苗生育影響), 본답(本畓) 벼생육영향(生育影響) 및 기상재해영향(氣象災害影響) 등(等)을 통(通)하여 구명(究明)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. Carbofuran 처리(處理)는 벼종자(種子) 발아(發芽)에 영향을 미쳤는데 지상부(地上部)보다 지하부(地下部)의 생육(生育)에 대한 영향이 컸다. carbofuran 농도(濃度)가 높아짐에 따라 전체종근수(全體種根數)는 감소(減少)되나 뿌리당(當) 길이는 50ppm까지 길어졌다. 2. 보온절충식(保溫折衷式)못자리에서의 carbofuran 처리(處理)는 무비구(無肥區)에서 3요소비료(要素肥料) 표준시용량(標準施用量) 정도(程度)의 생육(生育)까지 증진(增進)시켰고 또한 통일형(統一型) 품종(品種)의 적고피해(赤枯被害)를 회복(回復)시키는 효과(效果)가 있었는데 적고회복(赤枯回復) 요인(要因)으로는 파괴(破壞)된 엽록소(葉綠素) 자체(自體)의 회복(回復)이 아니라 묘생육량(苗生育量) 증대(增大)에 의한 것이었다. 그리고 carbofuran 처리시기효과(處理時期効果)에 있어서는 파종전(播種前) 처리(處理)가 가장 높고 다음으로는 vinyl 제거전(除去前), vinyl 제거후(除去後)의 순(順)이었다. 3. 본답(本畓)에서의 벼 벼생육증진효과(生育增進効果)는 이앙전(移秧前) 처리(處理)가 이앙(移秧) 25일(日) 후(後) 처리(處理) 보다 그리고 1 모작답(毛作畓)보다 2모작답(毛作畓)에서 높은 경향(傾向)이었고, 증진(增進)되는 생육형질(生育形質)로는 년차간(年次間) 및 품종간(品種間) 다소(多少) 차이(差異)가 있지만 간장(稈長), 수수(穗數), 영화수(穎花數) 및 추수력(抽穗力) 등(等)이었는데 그 중(中)에서도 수수증대(穗數增大) 요인(要因)이 가장 컸다. 4. Carbofuran 처리(處理)는 감수분열기(減數分裂期)와 출수기(出穗期)의 저온피해(低溫被害)와 침관수(浸冠水) 피해경감효과(被害輕減効果)가 있었으며 주요(主要) 생육증진요인(生育增進要因)으로는 임실비율(稔實比率), 등숙비율(登熟比率) 및 광합성능력증진(光合成能力增進)에 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.540-549
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• 2024

Objective: This study investigated the feasibility and prognostic relevance of threshold-based quantification of myocardial delayed enhancement (MDE) on CT in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM). Materials and Methods: Forty-three patients with NIDCM (59.3 ± 17.1 years; 21 male) were included in the study and underwent cardiac CT and MRI. MDE was quantified manually and with a threshold-based quantification method using cutoffs of 2, 3, and 4 standard deviations (SDs) on three sets of CT images (100 kVp, 120 kVp, and 70 keV). Interobserver agreement in MDE quantification was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement between CT and MRI was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Patients were followed up for the subsequent occurrence of the primary composite outcome, including cardiac death, heart transplantation, heart failure hospitalization, or appropriate use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate event-free survival according to MDE levels. Results: Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was observed in 29 patients (67%, 29/43), and the mean LGE found with the 5-SD threshold was 4.1% ± 3.6%. The 4-SD threshold on 70-keV CT showed excellent interobserver agreement (ICC = 0.810) and the highest concordance with MRI (CCC = 0.803). This method also yielded the smallest bias with the narrowest range of 95% limits of agreement compared to MRI (bias, -0.119%; 95% limits of agreement, -4.216% to 3.978%). During a median follow-up of 1625 days (interquartile range, 712-1430 days), 10 patients (23%, 10/43) experienced the primary composite outcome. Event-free survival significantly differed between risk subgroups divided by the optimal MDE cutoff of 4.3% (log-rank P = 0.005). Conclusion: The 4-SD threshold on 70-keV monochromatic CT yielded results comparable to those of MRI for quantifying MDE as a marker of myocardial fibrosis, which showed prognostic value in patients with NIDCM.