• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.91-100
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• 2020

In the U.S.A. from the late 19th to the early 20th century, the big business system emerged surpassing the British Empire economy. Such growth resulted from the realization of the "American-productive mode' being derived from the continuous immigrants inflow, renovative development of transportation, national markets formation and R&D of the science·technology. During 10 years after 1895, American economy was prevalent with the combination trends by the vertical or horizontal integration and these both mixed systems. As such big business was recognized, the American domestic citizens expressed the strong doubt to the revolutionary change and its public benefits and inaugurated the anti-big business campaign with deep concern that the American traditional symbol 'land of the wealth and opportunity' would be threatened. Although the governmental organizations controlling big business were established and the control laws were enforced, the American society accepted the new economic order. This situation resulted from the American economic prosperity, material affluence and managerialism of the big business.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.113-127
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• 2008

Artificial lights have effected the changes of art and fashion concepts as well as human life since the invention of electric light bulb in late 19th century. Artist and designer have had more interested in these artificial lights as the development of digital technology and the change of millennium and they have tried to apply the lights into their works. The purpose of this study is to analyze the aesthetic characteristics of contemporary fashion design using artificial light as a medium. Artificial light for fashion design means the light using luminescent material like phosphorescent and fluorescent materials or in combination with electroluminescent digital technology or the light that can be perceived as images when light projects from media using a light projector or other digital equipment. Fashion design using this light type can change colors or form temporarily and it can playa role as a gadget for hm or as equipment to provide information much as a computer monitor does. And designer can create virtual patterns on the surface of clothes, or virtual fashion like a 3-dimensional holography in empty space. In these fashion designs, the virtual image of light is substituted for physical formative elements in fashion, and the viewer can experience an ambiguity between reality and virtuality. The results of the study were as follow; The formative characteristics of those fashion designs were identified as visibility, indeterminacy, integration and virtuality. And they reflected the internal meanings; the persue of protection and safety, the search for experiment and innovation, the will for interaction and communication and the desire for the deviation and fun.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.195-202
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• 2020

The Korean film, which reached its 100th anniversary, has achieved remarkable growth. However, contrary to the facts revealed to the outside, there existed chronic problems. Representatively, the problems were classified into four types: vertical integration problems, lack of support for art and independent films, lack of diversity in video content, and sluggish exports. Therefore, in order to continuously develop Korean films, this study explored the development methods of the domestic film industry using the window theory of opportunity. As a result of the research, the Korean film industry as a late chase was developed through strategies to enter new technologies and paradigms, and strategies to enter through low entry costs for existing digital platforms, active government intervention, and changes in regulations. Through this, it was revealed that the whole film ecosystem should ultimately go through symbiotic cooperation.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.36-47
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• 2002

Over thousands of years oriental traditional medicine has developed a theoretical and practical approach to treat and prevent diseases and to promote people's health in China and Korea. In China, the integration of traditional Chinese medicine into the national healthcare system began in the late 1950s. This was in response to national planning needs to provide comprehensive healthcare services. On contrary to China, South Korea established the parallel operation of two independent medical systems in 1952. Hence there has been a political conflict between oriental and modern medicine over issues of fee, the ability to sell and prescribe herbal medicines, and the licensing of practitioners in traditional medicines. Given this background. This study is to compare peoples' attitudes and opinions for oriental traditional medicine by ethnicity (Chinese, Korean-Chinese and Korean). Chinese and Korean-Chinese were more used and satisfied with traditional medicine treatment and traditional practitioners compared with Koreans. The proportion of Koreans who reported the cost of traditional treatments was expensive was higher than those of Chinese and Korean Chinese. Most of Chinese, Korean-Chinese, and Koreans reported that they would use traditional medicine: 1) when they would have some disease to be treated best through traditional medicine; and 2) when traditional practitioner had a reputation and lots of experiences for those diseases. Most Korean people reported that oriental and western practitioners should cooperate each other to improve the quality of care. Therefore, policy framework including integration of traditional and western medicine, regulation, etc. is needed. In addition, research is needed to determine which diseases is treated best through traditional medicine.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.35
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• pp.47-85
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• 2017

In literary works, space plays a background role, but in geography, it becomes the target of study. Space could, therefore, be a matter of common interest in literary and geographic education. "Chunhyangjeon" contains a great amount of geographic information, such as landscape, itineraries, and spatial consciousness. This information is a part of narrative development and represents the geographical situation of the late Yi-dynasty. Thus, "Chunhyangjeon" could be the common material for literary and geographic education. Using "Chunhyangjeon" as the common material, through narrative incidents, learners in a literature class can appreciate the role of geographic information in narrative development, and the same learners can, in geography class, recognize the geographic information and gather the sense of place that the characters experience. For the construction of common realm of the two subjects, it is necessary to compare the aims of two subjects and systematically ensure that the aims correspond. This systematic correspondence of aims could be the foundation for curriculum integration.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

Selection of good mineralized area is a combination of the integration of all the available geo-scientific (i.e., geological, geochemical, and geophysical) information, extrapolation of likely features from known mineralized terrenes and the ability to be predictive. The time-space relationships of the hydrothermal deposits in the East Asia are closely related to the changing plate motions. Also, two distinctive hydrothermal systems during Mesozoic occurred in Korea: the Jurassic/Early Cretaceous deep-level ones during the Daebo orogeny and the Late Cretaceous/Tertiary shallow geothermal ones during the Bulguksa event. Both the Mesozoic geothermal system and the mineralization document a close spatial and temporal relationship with syn- to post-tectonic magmatism. The Jurassic mineral deposits were formed at the relatively high temperature and deep-crustal level from the mineralizing fluids characterized by the relatively homogeneous and similar ranges of ${\delta}^{18}O$ values, suggesting that ore-forming fluids were principally derived from spatially associated Jurassic granitoid and related pegmatite. Most of the Jurassic auriferous deposits (ca. 165-145 Ma) show fluid characteristics typical of an orogenic-type gold deposits, and were probably generated in a compressional to transpressional regime caused by an orthogonal to oblique convergence of the Izanagi Plate into the East Asian continental margin. On the other hand, Late Cretaceous ferroalloy, base-metal and precious-metal deposits in the Taebaeksan, Okcheon and Gyeongsang basins occurred as vein, replacement, breccia-pipe, porphyry-style and skarn deposits. Diverse mineralization styles represent a spatial and temporal distinction between the proximal environment of sub-volcanic activity and the distal to transitional condition derived from volcanic environments. However, Cu (-Au) or Fe-Mo-W deposits are proximal to a magmatic source, whereas polymetallic or precious-metal deposits are more distal to transitional. Strike-slip faults and caldera-related fractures together with sub-volcanic activity are associated with major faults reactivated by a northward (oblique) to northwestward (orthogonal) convergence, and have played an important role in the formation of the Cretaceous Au-Ag lode deposits (ca. 110-45 Ma) under a continental arc setting. The temporal and spatial distinctions between the two typical Mesozoic deposit styles in Korea reflect a different thermal episodes (i.e., late orogenic and post-orogenic) and ore-forming fluids related to different depths of emplacement of magma (i.e., plutonic and sub-volcanic) due to regional changes in tectonic settings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2 s.115
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• pp.80-98
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• 2006

This study originated from following questions. What can we understand the conception of deconstruction, which has been the core idea of new discourses developed in various ways since modernism? How can this question be interpreted in landscape design? What is the conceptional frame of integration the prominent hybrid post-genre movements and phenomena? The frame can be epitomized with the deconstruction phenomenon. 'Deconstruction' is the core conception appeared in late or post-modern ages in the embodiment of modernity and can be viewed as an integrating or a hybrid phenomenon between areas or genres in formative arts. Therefore, the author regards the hybrid movements widely witnessed in the post contemporary formative arts as one of the most important indicators of de-constructive signs. It is safe to say that the phenomenon of this integration or hybridism, of course, does not threaten the identity of landscape design but serves as an opportunity to extend the areas of landscape design. One of the consequences of this integration or hybridism is the voluntary participation of users who have been alienated in the production of the meanings of design works and hybrid landscape design with the hybridization of genres that is characterized with transformation in forms. This view is based on the distinction between hybridization of interactions between the designer (the subject) and the user (the object), and hybridization of synesthesia. Generally speaking, this is an act of destroying boundaries of the daily life and arts. At the same time, it corresponds to vanishing of modern aesthetics and emerging of post-contemporary aesthetics which is a new aesthetic category like sublimeness. This types of landscape design tries to restore humans' sensibility and perceptions restrained by rationality and recognition in previous approach and to express non-materialistic characteristics with precaution against excessive materialism in the modern era. In light of these backgrounds, the study aims to suggest the hybrid concept and to explorer a new landscape design approach with this concept, in order to change the design structure from 'completed' or 'closed' toward 'opened' and to understand the characteristics of interactions between users and designs. This new approach is expected to create an open-space integrating complexity and dynamics of users. At the same time, it emphasizes senses of user' body with synesthesia and non-determination. The focus is placed on user participation and sublimity rather than on aesthetic beauty, which kind of experience is called simulacre. By attaching importance to user participation, the work got free from the material characteristics, and acceptance from the old practice of simple perception and contemplation. The boundaries between the subject and object and the beautiful and ordinary, from the perspective of this approach, are vanished. Now everything ordinary can become an artistic work. Western dichotomy and discrimination is not effective any more. And there is 'de-construction' where there is perfect equality between ordinary daily life and beautiful arts. Thus today's landscape design pays attention to the user and uses newly perceived sensitivity by pursing obscure and unfamiliar things rather than aesthetic beauty. Space is accordingly defined to take place accidentally as happening and event, not as volume of shape. It's the true way to express spatiality of landscape design. That's an attempt to reject conventional concepts about forms and space, which served as the basis for landscape design, and to search for new things.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.81-108
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• 2020

This study aims to critically consider the local cultural policies of the government and local governments by village mural. Village murals, which began to be painted in the late 1990s, have been a nationwide cultural phenomenon for decades. In particular, it was consistently used as an important element of various local cultural policies implemented by the government and local governments. The government and local governments have been working on the project for two purposes: 'improving the residential environment' and 'activating tourism' but it has largely focused on 'activating tourism'. This study grasped the concrete status of major village murals across the country through field surveys, one of the case study methods. Also, through the analysis of official documents, the government and local governments operating in the village mural project were analyzed for the policy basis and administrative management plan. As a result of on-site surveys, most of the village murals across the country had problems such as uniform subject matter, low level representation, and poor follow-up management. This is partly based on the experiences and abilities of organizations and artists who participated in the village mural project, but fundamentally, it is due to the projects of the government and local governments that focused on short-term visual tourism rather than long-term improvement of the residential environment. It was confirmed that the projects of the government and local governments were carried out through vertical integration and that there were problems in the actual work, such as requiring specific topics, subject matter, designs and colors. As a result, the village murals 'objectify' the residents and 'romanticized' the place, resulting in a unified visual representation. Therefore, this study suggests that the administration and accounting should be strictly managed, but in actual work, the vertical integration structure should be eased by simplifying various documents and procedures, as well as rich cultural understanding of the target place, selection of various topics, and original subject matter and expressions.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.30-37
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• 2014

The current study was conducted to examine the temporal and spatial activation sequences related to morphosyntactic, semantic and orthographic-lexical sentences, focusing on the morphological-orthographic and lexical-semantic deviation processes in Korean language processing. The Event-related Potentials (ERPs) of 15 healthy students were adopted to explore the processing of head-final critical words in a sentential plausibility task. Specifically, it was examined whether the ERP-pattern to orthographic-lexical violation might show linear precedence over other processes, or the presence of additivity across combined processing components. For the morphosyntactic violation, fronto-central LAN followed by P600 was found, while semantic violation elicited N400, as expected. Activation of P600 was distributed in the left frontal and central sites, while N400 appeared even in frontal sites other than the centro-parietal areas. Most importantly, the orthographic-lexical violation process revealed by earlier N2 with fronto-central activity was shown to be complexes of morphological and semantic functions from the same critical word. The present study suggests that there is a linear precedence over the morphological deviation and its lexical semantic processing based on the immediate possibility of lexical information, followed by sentential semantics. Finally, late syntactic integration processes were completed, showing different topographic activation in order of importance of ongoing sentential information.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.581-585
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• 2010

As developers and testers today we all suffer from increasing project complexity, the risks of late defect discovery, repetitive manual processes, and the risk of release delays. In this paper, we introduce an effective framework for automated testing to help solve such problems. Those that are new to testing do not need to delve into complex automation tools or test scripts. This framework helps automate the distribution, execution and results analysis of test cases. It also aids communication among the various stakeholders, using tables for representing tests and for reporting the results of automatically checking those tests. This paper describes the practices and benefits of using the proposed framework.