• Atmosphere
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.471-479
• /
• 2014

A road surface temperature prediction model (UM-Road) using input data of the Unified Model (UM) output and road physical properties is developed and verified with the use of the observed data at road weather information system. The UM outputs of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, downward shortwave radiation, net longwave radiation, precipitation and the road properties such as slope angles, albedo, thermal conductivity, heat capacity at maximum 7 depth are used. The net radiation is computed by a surface radiation energy balance, the ground heat flux at surface is estimated by a surface energy balance based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity, the ground heat transfer process is applied to predict the road surface temperature. If the observed road surface temperature exists, the simulated road surface temperature is corrected by mean bias during the last 24 hours. The developed UM-Road is verified using the observed data at road side for the period from 21 to 31 March 2013. It is found that the UM-Road simulates the diurnal trend and peak values of road surface temperature very well and the 50% (90%) of temperature difference lies within ${\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ (${\pm}2.5^{\circ}C$) except for precipitation case.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.260-268
• /
• 1996

This study aimed to develop an experimental animal model of duodenal ulcer for application to nutrition, and to verify the nutritional characteristics. The 7 different doses and 8 different injections of cysteamine and 2 kinds of diets with different casein levels(10%, 20%) were tested to examine the incidence and the process of duodenal ulcer in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The result showed that the duodenal ulcer was induced when rats fed 10% casein diet(for 9 days) were injected 6 times with 13mg/100g BW cysteamine. The first injection was conducted after 24 hours of fasting, followed by the 2nd shot after 3 hours. The following shots were repeated every 3 day(4th and 7th days). Duodenal ulcer was observed 3 days after the last injection by optical microscope and the naked eye. The characteristics of nitrogen bioavailability of duodenal ulcer model were as followings : 1) gastric emptying rate was faster, 2) trypsin activity at duodenum was higher, 3) total protein concentration at serum and nitrogen retention rate were lower than the control. (Korean J Community Nutrition 1(2) : 260-268, 1996)

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.536-540
• /
• 2003

Purpose : Aspiration of foreign material into the lungs can cause acute or chronic pulmonary diseases. It is difficult to detect small amounts of aspiration due to the lack of safe, sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. Recently, in animal or human studies, it has been reported that immunochemistry for lactalbumin can be used to detect the minimal aspiration. So, the authors' investigation was designed to determine whether human milk phagocytized alveolar macrophages can be detected in human milk aspirated mice. Methods : Sixty four male mice, 6-8 weeks old and 30-40 gm weighing, were used for this study. About 0.05 mL of human milk or normal saline were given intranasally once per day for 1 day or 3 days. Under anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, the trachea of each mouse was cannulated with an 18G Jelco needle and then, each mouse's lungs were lavaged three times with 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer solution at 2, 8, 24, and 48 hours after the last milk or normal saline instillation. Cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were stained with Oil Red O and immunocytochemistry for alpha-lactalbumin. Results : Immunocytochemical reactivity for alpha-lactalbumin or lipid-laden alveolar macrophages were not observed in the normal saline aspirated groups. Immunocytochemical reactivity for alpha-lactalbumin were observed in the human milk aspirated groups. They showed a peak at 8 hours and decreased markedly at 24 hours but persisted even at 48 hours after aspiration. Immunocytochemical stain positive alveolar macrophages were noted similarly in number between single and multiple aspiration groups. Conclusion : These observations suggested that alveolar macrophages for lactalbumin could be more easily detected on immunocytochemistry than Oil Red O stain, and immunocytochemistry could be used as a sensitive and specific diagnostic test for the detection of human milk aspiration.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.194.2-195
• /
• 2003

Phenylpropanoids(PP), C6-C3 compounds, are widely distributed in many plants. In this experiments, effect of PP on sheep red bood cells (sRBC)-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) were studied in ICR male mice. SRBC were challenged by i.p. injection at two weeks after sensitization of Lp. injection of sRBC. Five days after the challenge of antigen, paw edema induced 24 hours after the last challenge by DTH, respectively. (omitted)

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.24 no.2 s.80
• /
• pp.43-60
• /
• 2006

Using interviewing methods, this study was able to identify how fathering impacted the development of adult fathers between the ages of 28 and 45 through 1 to 2 hours. The subjects were 46 middle-class adult men's from the ages of 28 and 45. Twenty of the subjects had infants under the age of 36 months, thirteen had preschool children, 37 months to preschool, and the remaining fathers had primary school aged children. Results are as follows: First, fathering experiences impacted the development of self-identify, sense of intimacy, and sense of generativity during adulthood. Second, fathering experiences impacted the men's establishment of 'becoming-themselves.' Last, fathering experiences impacted the development of men's maturity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study was to compare the total surgical time, pain score and hemorrhage after ovariohysterectomy (OVH) and bilateral flank ovariectomy (BFOVE) with hemoclips in dogs. OVH was operated on six dogs and BFOVE was performed on six dogs. In BFOVE group, both ovarian pedicle hemostasis applied using hemoclips after removing ovaries. Total surgical time was recorded from starting incision of skin to closure last skin suture. Pain score was measured at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery based on University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS). Hemorrhage around clipping area, uterus, abdominal muscles, and skin were monitored after surgery. BFOVE technique could reduce total surgical time and pain after surgery. There was no hemorrhagic problems near ovarian pedicles following surgery. BFOVE with hemoclips could be useful and recommended for sterilization in dog.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.720-732
• /
• 1995

The use of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ which functions as a potent biologic mediator regulating numerous activities of wound healing has been suggested for the promotion of periodontal regeneration. The mitogenic effects of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ on human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts were evaluated by determining the incorporation of $[^3H]-thymidine$ into DNA of the cells dose-dependently. Cells were prepared with primary cultured fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells from humans, and used in experiments were the fourth or sixth subpassage. Cells were seeded with serum free Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium containing 0.1% bovine serum albumine. The added concentrations of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ were 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5ng/ml and transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ were added to the quiescent cells for 24hours, 48hours, 72hours. They were labeled with lnCi/ml $[^3H]$ thymidine for the last 24hour of the each culture. The results were presented as the mean counts per minute (CPM) per well and S.D. of four determinations. The results were as follows. : The DNA synthetic activity of human gingival fibroblasts was increased dose-dependently by transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. The maximum mitogenic effects were at the 48 hour application of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$. The DNA synthetic activity was generally more decreased at the 72 hour application than at the 48 hour the application of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$. The DNA synthetic activity of human periodontal ligament cells was increased dose-dependently by transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ at 24 hours and 48 hours. But the DNA synthetic activity was decreased at 5ng/ml of the 72 hour application. The maximum mitogenic effects were also at the 48 hour application of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$. The DNA synthetic activity of human periodontal ligament cells was generally more decreased at the 72 hour application than at the 48 hour application of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$. In the comparision of DNA synthetic activity between the human gingival fibroblasts and human periodontal ligament cells, the human gingival fibroblasts had more activity than the human periodontal ligament cells at all time application with the concentration of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$. In conclusion, transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ has an important roles in the stimulation of DNA synthesis in human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts, which means an increase in collagen synthesizing cells and thus, may be useful for clinical application in periodontal regenerative procedures.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.1 no.1 s.1
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 1965

There are several methods used for screening and evaluating anti -inflammatory agents. Among these, 'Granuloma pouch' technic introduced by Hans Selye is considered as a simple and reliable method. The procedure of 'Granuloma pouch' technic is as follows: Rats were used as experimental animals. An air pocket was produced in the subcutaneous tissue of the mid-dorsal portion between the shoulders by the injection of 25ml of the air which was immediately followed by injection of 1 ml of 1% croton oil as irritant. Inflammatory exudate accumulated in the pouch during the succeeding 14 days. After sacrificing the rats on the last day of the experiment, the amount of the exudate in the pouch and the weight of the granuloma tissue was measured. The author observed and compared the anti-inflammatory activities of the several steroid compounds when they are given by different methods. 1. In the control rats, the amount of inflammatory fluid and the weight of the granuloma tissue after 14 days were 9ml and 3gm respectively. 2. Injection of hydrocortisone 1.5mg subcutanenusly, 24 hours prior to pouch formation into the area where the pouch is to be formed, successfully prevented the inflammatory processes. 3. Injection of hydrocortisone 1.5mg in the air pocket formed 24 hours prior to croton oil injection was ineffective. 4. Injection of hydrocortisone into the pouch at a distance of 5mm apart from the pouch formation did not prevent the development of inflammation. 5. Anti-inflammatory activities of hydrocortisone administered systematically(injected intramuscularly into the area which is not related to the area of pouch formation) for 10 days were proportional to the doses of hydrocortisone administered. 6. DOCA, testosterone, and progesterone did not show the anti-inflammatory activity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.23-26
• /
• 1974

It was planned to evaluate the influence of Panax Ginseng upon DNA synthesis of submandibular gland in mice by observing incorporation of $[^3H]$ thymidine into the tissue cells. Thirty male mice $(body\;weight:\;18{\sim}20\;g)$ were divided equally into two groups. One group received every day (subcutaneously) 0. 05 ml/10 g body weight of ginseng extract(4 mg of ginseng alcohol extract in 1ml of saline), while !he other group received the same amount of saline, for 5 days. On the 5th experimental day, all animals received $1\;{\mu}Ci/g$ body weight of $[^3H]$ thymidine intraperitoneally 2 hours after the last medication. Five animals, at a time, of each group were sacrificed 1, 10, and 24 hours after $[^3H]$ thymidine administration, and the radioactivity of cells in their mandibular gland was measured autoradiographically in terms of the % number of radioactive cells in 1,000 tell counts (Radioactive Index, R.I.). It was found that the radioactive indices of mice that received ginseng were lower than the corresponding values of mice that received saline. The inference from the above result was that the ginseng suppressed DNA synthesis of cells in the mandibular gland.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2013

The variations of performance and metabolites at an early stage were investigated for the successful start-up technology in continuous fermentative hydrogen production. Unsuccessful start-up was observed when the operation mode was changed from batch to continuous mode after the yield was reached to 0.5 mol $H_2$/mol $hexose_{added}$ by batch mode. $H_2$ production continued till 12 hours accompanied by butyrate production, but did not last with propionate production increase. It was suspected that the failure was due to the regrowth of propionic acid bacteria during batch mode which were inhibited by heat-shock but not completely killed. Thus, successful start-up was tried by early switchover from batch to continuous operation; continuous operation was started after the $H_2$ yield was reached to 0.2 mol $H_2$/mol $hexose_{added}$ by batch mode. Although $H_2$ production rate decreased at an early stage, stable $H_2$ yield of 0.8 mol $H_2$/mol $hexose_{added}$ was achieved after 10 days by lowering down propionate production. And it was also concluded that the reason for $H_2$ production decrease at an early stage was due to alcohol production by self detoxification mechanism against VFAs accumulation.