• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.403-409
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• 1995

목적 : 정위적방사선수술시 방사선조사가 이루어지기 전에 두개내의 정위적 표적을 실제 치료위치에서 직접 확인해서 방사선수술의 안정성과 정확성을 높이고자 함. 방법 : 실제 환자의 치료전에 두부의 인체모형의 조각들 사이에 선량측정용 필름을 넣고 가는 침의 끝으로 찌른 부분을 가상적인 표적으로 삼아 컴퓨터단층촬영용 localizer 를 달고 컴퓨터단층촬영을 한 후 방사선수술용컴퓨터로 영상획득을 해서 가상적 표적점의 정위적좌표를 구한다. 이어서 두부의 인체모형을 선형가속기의 table 에 고정시키고 앞에서 구한 표적점의 좌표에 선형가속기의 laser isocenter 를 일치시킨 후 혈관촬영용 localizer 를 달고 전후와 좌우방향의 사진을 찍는다. 이렇게 찍은 port 필름의 분석으로 얻은 정위적좌표와 컴퓨터단층 촬영의 영상획득 (image acquisition) 으로 이미 구한 정위적좌표를 비교해서 차이를 교정해 준 뒤 3 개의 arc 로 정위적 방사선수술을 시행하고 두부의 인체모형에 삽입되었던 필름을 현상하여 선량분포의 중심과 가는 침으로 만든 구멍으로 표시된 표적점의 거리를 필름농도계를 이용하여 측정한다. 실제 환자치료시에도 컴퓨터단층촬영용 localizer 와 혈관촬영용 localizer 를 써서 정위적좌표를 구하는 과정은 인체모형을 이용한 연구에서와 같다. 두 좌표의 차이를 교정한 후 실제 치료로 진행한다. 결과 : 인체모형연구에서는 선량분포의 중심과 표적점의 차이가 0.3 mm 로 잘 일치했다. 실제 환자 1 예 에서는 컴퓨터단층촬영의 영상으로 부터 구한 isocenter 의 좌표와 실제 치료위치에서 혈관촬영용 localizer 를 이용하여 구한 isocenter 의 좌표가 0.6 mm 의 차이를 보여 잘 일치하였다. 결론 : 방사선수술시 정위적 표적점을 방사선조사전에 치료위치에서 확인하므로써 방사선 수술과정의 정확성과 안전성을 높일 수 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.495-500
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• 1993

연구배경 : 수술이 불가능한 주기도의 종양성 병변에 의한 기도 폐쇄를 치료하는 방법으로서 Yag-laser 치료, 체외부 방사선치료나 기관지내 방사선치료법 등이 있다. 최근 조기 간암 환자들에서 직접 ethanol을 암조직내로 투입해서 좋은 효과가 보고되고 있어 저자들도 주기도 폐쇄를 일으킨 폐암환자 11명을 대상으로 기관지경을 통해 직접 암종괴내로 ethanol을 주입하여 기도폐쇄를 호전시킬 수 있었기에 보고하는 바이다. 방법 : 지속적인 산소 주입하에 굴곡성 기관지 내시경을 통해 경기관지 흡입침을 이용하여 종양내로 직접 ethanol을 0.5~1.0ml씩을 수회 주입한 후 생검 겸자로 종양을 제거하였으며 필요시는 3~4일후 이 조작을 되풀이하였다. 결과 : ethanol 주입 직후 점막이 창백해지고 출혈이 즉시 멎었으며 지연 효과로서 종양의 괴사가 발생하였으며, 대부분의 환자에서 2~3회 치료후 기간지가 개방되었고 증상 및 흉부 X-선 사진의 호전을 보였다. 11명 환자들에서 폐기능 검사상 FVC가 $2.1{\pm}0.84L$에서 $2.44{\pm}0.92L$로 $FEV_{1.0}$이 $1.48{\pm}0.69L$에서 $1.80{\pm}0.64L$로 증가하였고, $PaO_2$는 $68.1{\pm}9.2$ mmHg에서 $83.9{\pm}8.1$ mmHg로 (p<0.005), $SaO_2$는 $94{\pm}8.5%$에서 $96.6{\pm}1.1%$(p<0.005)로 증가하였으며, $AaDO_2$는 $26.5{\pm}8.5$mmHg에서 $10.9{\pm}9.1$mmHg(p<0.005)로 감소하였다. 결론 : 종양에 의한 주기관지 폐색환자에서 ethanol을 종양 조직내 직접 주입하는 것은 주기도 폐쇄를 치료하는데 빠른 효과를 볼 수 있으며, 저렴한 비용으로 비교적 안전하게 시행할 수 있는 방법이라 생각한다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.363-378
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Hydroxyapatite(HA) coated titanium surfaces have not yet showed the reliable osseointegration in various conditions. Purpose. This study was aimed to investigate microstructures, chemical composition, and surface roughness of the surface coated by the hydrothermal method and to evaluate the effect of hydrothermal coating on the cell attachment, as well as cell proliferation. Material and Methods. Commercially pure(c.p.) titanium discs were used as substrates. The HA coating on c.p. titanium discs by hydrothermal method was performed in 0.12M HCl solution mixed with HA(group I) and 0.1M NaOH solution mixed with HA(group II). GroupⅠ was heated at 180 $^{\circ}C$ for 24, 48, and 72 hours. GroupⅡ was heated at 180 $^{\circ}C$ for 12, 24, and 36 hours. And the treated surfaces were evaluated by Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), X-ray diffraction method(XRD), Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM). And SEM of fibroblast and 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay were used for cellular responses of the treated surfaces. Results. The color of surface changed in both groups after the hydrothermal process. SEM images showed that coating pattern was homogeneous in group II, while inhomogeneous in group I. H72 had rosette-like precipitates. The crystalline structure grew gradually in group II, according to extending treatment period. The long needle-like crystals were prominent in N36. Calcium(Ca) and phosphorus(P) were not detected in H24 and H48 in EDS. In all specimens of group II and H72, Ca was found. Ca and P were identified in all treated groups through the analysis of XPS, but they were amorphous. Surface roughness did not increase in both groups after hydrothermal treatment. The values of surface roughness were not significantly different between groups I and II. According to the SEM images of fibroblasts, cell attachments were oriented and spread well in both treated groups, while they were not in the control group. However, no substantial amount of difference was found between groups I and II. Conclusions. In this study during the hydrothermal process procedure, coating characteristics, including the HA precipitates, crystal growth, and crystalline phases, were more satisfactory in NaOH treated group than in HCl treated group. Still, the biological responses of the modified surface by this method were not fully understood for the two tested groups did not differ significantly. Therefore, more continuous research on the relationship between the surface features and cellular responses seems to be in need.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of various surface treatments by measuring removal torque on bone healing around titanium implants. 40 Screw-shaped cp titanium implants with length of 4mm, outer diameter of 3.75mm, and pitch-height of 0.5mm were used Group 1 was left as machined(control), Group 2 was blasted with $50{\mu}m\;Al_2O_3$, group 3 was blasted and etched in etching solution($NH_4OH : H_2O_2:H_2O= 1 : 1 : 5$) at $90^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute group 4 was blasted and oxidated under pure oxygen at $800^{\circ}C$. The implant surface roughness was analyzed with SEM and CLSM(Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope) and implants were placed in proximal tibial metaphysis of 10 New Zealand White rabbits. After 3 months of healing period, removal torque of each implant was measured to compare bone healing around implant. The results obtained were as follows 1. In SEM view, blasting increased the roughness of the surface, but etching of that rough surface decreased the roughness due to the removal of the tip of the peak. Oxidation also decreased the roughness due to formation of needle-like oxide grains on the implant surface. 2. The Sa value from CLSM was least in the machined group($0.47{\mu}m$), greatest in blasted group($1.25{\mu}m$), and the value decreased after etching($0.91{\mu}m$) and oxidation($0.94{\mu}m$). 3. The removal torque of etched group(24.5Ncm) was greater than that of machined group(16.7Ncm) (P<0.05), and was greatest in the oxidated group(40.3Ncm) and the blasted group(34.7Ncm).

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.222-247
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• 1999

The back ground and purpose : The acupuncture of oriental medicine is very important in treatments. Until now it has been researched according to the meridian and qi xue(氣血) phenomenon of oriental medicine's theory. As electroacupuncture is one of acupuncture treatments, it will show more objective index to observe the meridian and qi xue(氣血) phenomenon. And then, I studied the effects on the thermal change of the face following electroacupuncture treatment. Objective and Methods : This study was performed from January 1999 to March 1999 on 10 healthy students. The objective was divided into three groups, those were the control group A(n=10), the group B(n=10) of electroacupuncture on Hapkok($LI_4$), Samgan($LI_3$) and the group C(n=10) of electroacupuncture on Shinmun($H_7$), T' ongni($H_5$). First, in the control group A, we took a picture for 10 men without any stimulation with the Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging(D.I.T.I.) and did 3min after, 10min after, 15min after, 25min after, 45min after respectively. Second, in the electroacupuncture treatment group B, we took a picture for 10 men without any stimulation, and then treat electroacupuncture on Hapkok($LI_4$), Samgan($LI_3$) and took a picture immediately(3min after), 10min after, 15min after and remove needle and took a picture in the same way respectively. Third, in the electroacupuncture treatment group C, we took a picture for 10 men without any stimulation, and then treat electroacupuncture on Shinmun($H_7$), T'ongni($H_5$) and took a picture in the second way respectively. Results: 1. In healthy men, average skin temperture about Yonghyang($LI_{20}$) area was higher than Soryo($G_{25}$) or Chich'ang($S_4$) area. They were Soryo($G_{25}$) area $31.495{\pm}0.766^{\circ}C$, Rt. Yonghyang($LI_{20}$) area $31.664{\pm}0.936^{\circ}C$, Lt. Yonghyang ($LI_{20}$)area $31.686{\pm}0.767^{\circ}C$, Rt. Chich'ang($S_4$) area $31.226{\pm}0.875^{\circ}$, Lt. Chich'ang ($S_4$) area $31.453{\pm}0.855^{\circ}C$. 2. In the control group A, the skin temperature of Soryo($G_{25}$) showed the increase or decrease in below ${\Delta}0.1^{\circ}C\;except\;0.265{\pm}0.594^{\circ}C$ in 25min, but not significantly. 3. About Soryo($G_{25}$) area, the skin temperature decreased significantly after electroacupuncture immediately. ${\Delta}T $of the group B was $-0.970{\pm}0.87\;1^{\circ}C$, which was larger than one of the group C which was $-0.707{\pm}0.624^{\circ}C$ at 3min. And then ${\Delta}T$ of the group C was increase valuable at 25min, 45min. 4. About Yonghyang($L1_{25}$) area, the left ${\Delta}T$ of the group B showed below $0.2^{\circ}C$ or so in contrast to the right it. In the group C, on the both side showed continous increase of temperature as following times. 5. About Chich'ang($S_4$) area, the skin temperature increased valuable $0.3^{\circ}C$ or so on the both side and later inclined to decrease in the group B but not significantly. In the group C, it increased valuable on the both side. 6. The skin temperature of electroacupuncture treatment group B, C were more increase than the control group A except Lt. Yonghyang($LI_{20}$) area in the group B. The temperature of group C were more increase than the group B wholly. Conclusion : The above results indicate that D.I.T.I. is a useful method to observe and fallow-up the effects and the changes by electroacupuncture stimulation on objective evaluation of phenomenon for the meridian system and character. Thus, continuous thermographic study will be needed for more clinical application such as acupuncture and medicine or laser therapy according to oriental medicine.