• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2018

갑상선 수술 후 발생한 성대마비는 삶의 질을 중요시하는 요즘 시대에 제일 치명적 합병증 중 하나이다. 그 결과 수술 중 신경감시시스템의 사용은 보편화되고 있으나 아직 기존의 시스템은 외과 의사가 사용하기에 불편하거나 문제점들이 있다. 그래서 새로운 방식의 신경 탐침과 신경 감시 장치의 개발이 필요한 시점이다. 이에 최근 모든 수술 기구(금속형 기구, 내시경 및 로봇 기구, 에너지 기반 디바이스)에 탈부착이 가능한 신경을 자극하는 신경 탐침 및 후두 떨림을 측정하기 위한 표면압력센서를 이용한 새로운 형태의 수술 중 신경감시시스템의 개발에 대한 연구가 기대된다.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2003

This paper investigates edge effects on the relationship between the underlying tonal sequence and its surface realization in the IP-final Accentual Phrase within the Optimality Theoretic framework. I will examine the way in which AP tones are aligned with their associated syllables in IP-final position. In Korean. Jun's (1996) 'see-saw effect' does not allow any two identical tones if they are marking a boundary of a prosodic group. A phonetic experiment conducted in this paper suggests that the 'see-saw effect' only apply to H boundary tones. Furthermore, it will be shown that the timing of tonal peaks is determined through the ranking of a set of violable constraints. The AP tonal realization is achieved through the access to the global intonation in a complicated way. In the course of discussion, pitch patterns in IP-medial Accentual Phrase will also be discussed.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

The present study investigates supralaryngeal articulatory characteristics of denti-alveolar (coronal) stops /t, $t^h$, $t^*$/ and /n/ in /aCa/ context in Seoul Korean. An Electromagnetic Articulograph (EMA, Carstens) was used to explore kinematics of the consonants by examining the kinematic data of the tongue tip (the primary articulator for the coronal consonants), along with some additional supplementary position data of the tongue body, the tongue dorsum and the jaw. The results showed that the constriction duration was the most robust articulatory correlates of the three-way stop contrast with a pattern of /t/$t^h$/$t^*$/. The contrast was further reinforced by the tongue body position (higher for /$t^h$, $t^*$/) and the tongue tip opening displacement (less displaced for /$t^h$, $t^*$/). The articulation of /n/ was quite similar to that of the lenis /t/ in terms of the constriction duration, and it was different from the oral stops in that it was produced with larger tongue tip displacement and lower jaw position than the oral stops, indicating its weak articulatory nature. The results are also discussed in comparison with those of bilabial stops with implications that the three-way contrast may be kinematically expressed differently depending on the physiological constraints imposed on the primary articulator (the tongue tip versus the lips). The present study, therefore, provides new articulatory (kinematic) data of denti-alveolar consonants in Korean, and demonstrates that the three-way stops, that have been known to differ primarily in their laryngeal settings, are indeed produced with kinematic distinctions at the supralaryngeal level.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.88-91
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• 1996

급성 후두개염은 상기도 폐색에 따른 치명적인 결과를 초래할 수 있는 질환으로 주의 깊은 호흡관찰과 아울러 급성 상기도 폐색의 초기 징후를 빨리 인지하고 적절한 기관내 삽관술이나 기관 절개술 등으로 기도를 확보해야 하는 심각한 질환이다. 1978년 Cantrell 등은 호흡곤란을 동반한 소아의 급성 후두개염 환자에서 후두의 부종이 진행함에 따라 앉은 자세에서 상체를 구부리고 턱을 내밀어서 호흡하는 특이한 이학적 소견을 기술한 바 있는데, 이러한 자세를 취함으로서 기관이 당겨져 상부기도의 장력을 증가시켜 후두개 및 주위 연조직의 부종에 의한 기도 폐쇄를 완화시킬수 있기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 급성 후두개염 환자에서 턱을 내말고 목을 쭉 뻗어서 호흡하는 이학적 소견은 후두 부종에 의한 상기도 폐색이 임박하였음을 시사하는 소견이라 할 수 있겠다. 본 저자들은 앉은 자세에서 목을 쭉 뻗어서 호흡하는 특이한 이학적소견을 보이는 급성 후두개염 환자 2예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2006

Objectives : Vocal cord paralysis(VCP) is a complex disorder which may result from numerous causes. We reviewed and analyzed the trend of clinical characteristics and causes of VCP in Korean patient. Method : A total 197 patients with VCP who visited St.Mary's hospital from March, 2000 to August, 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. They were analyzed according to sex, age, cause of VCP, position of paralyzed vocal fold, treatment methods. Results : The male and female ratio was 1.6 : 1. The unilateral paralyzed vocal fold was fixed at paramedian position in 84% of the cases. The left vocal fold was paralyzed about 2 1/2 times as much as the right vocal fold. Among the causes of VCP 30.9% of the cases were due to postoperative paralysis, and most of those were developed after lung, mediastinal surgery. laryngeal EMG was performed in 47 patients for determines the prognosis and treatment method. In the unilateral VCP, 90 patients were treated with injection laryngoplasty, 21 patients were performed thyroplasty type I. Conclusion : The causes of VCP include various diseases, so, detection of the primary disease is very important, because many fatal diseases are included among the primary diseases, and late detection can cause serious problems. VCP is not only a disease entity in itself, but can be seen as a sign of an underlying disease.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2017

Background and Objectives : The purpose of this study was to classify patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis according to their fixed location and to analysis the effects of two treatment methods by early voice therapy and injection laryngoplasty. Materials and Methods : Twenty patients who were classified as full abduction and slight abduction according to the position of paralysis were treated injection laryngoplasy, and 23 patients were treated by voice therapy. Twenty patients were treated injection laryngoplasy and 23 patients were treated voice therapy. Results were evaluated by acoustic analysis, electroglottography, cepstrum analysis before and after therapy. The voice therapy was conducted by improving the larynx movement and glottal contact, whilst removing hypertension of the supraglottic and use the breathing. Results : Significant improvement was found in the acoustic parameter, cepstrum parameter, and EGG before and after treatment in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups when compared before and after treatment to compare the effects of injection laryngoplasty and voice therapy. Conclusion : The initial treatments for unilateral vocal cord paralysis are injection laryngoplasty and voice therapy. however, there is no precise standard about which method should be applied first. Therefore, in this study, we tried to classify patients according to their paralysis position and then apply two methods. The results of this study suggest that voice therapy and Injection laryngoplasty at the initial stage is a very useful method to improve voice quality of vocal fold paralysis and improve laryngeal function.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

The current study exploresacoustic variation induced by prosodic contexts in different speech styles,with a focus on motherese or child-directed speech (CDS). The patterns of variation in the acoustic expression of voicing contrast in English stops, and the role of prosodic factors in governing such variation are investigated in CDS. Prosody-induced acoustic strengthening reported from adult-directed speech (ADS)is examined in the speech data directed to infants at the one-word stage. The target consonants are collected from Utterance-initial and -medial positions, with or without focal accent. Overall, CDS shows that the prosodic prominence of constituents under focal accent conditions variesin the acoustic correlates of the stop laryngeal contrasts. The initial position is not found with enhanced acoustic values in the current study, which is similar to the finding from ADS (Choi, 2006 Cole et al, 2007). Individualized statistical results, however, indicate that the effect of accent on acoustic measures is not very robust, compared to the effect of accent in ADS. Enhanced distinctiveness under focal accent is observed from the limited subjects' acoustic measures in CDS. The results indicate dissimilar strategies to mark prosodic structures in different speech styles as well as the consistent prosodic effect across speech styles. The stylistic variation is discussed in relation to the listener under linguistic development in CDS.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2020

Background: We performed this study to investigate the inequalities in site-specific cancer incidences among workers across different occupations in Korea. Methods: Subjects included members of the national employment insurance. Incident cancers among 8,744,603 workers were followed from 1995 to 2007. Occupational groups were classified according to the Korean Standard Occupational Classification. Age-standardized incidence rate ratios were calculated. Results: We found that men in service/sales and blue-collar occupations had elevated rates of esophageal, liver, laryngeal, and lung cancer. Among women, service/sales workers had elevated incidences of cervical cancer. Male prostate cancer, female breast, corpus uteri, and ovarian cancers, as well as male and female colorectal, kidney, and thyroid cancer showed lower incidences among workers in lower socioeconomic occupations. Conclusions: Substantial differences in cancer incidences were found depending on occupation reflecting socioeconomic position, in the Korean working population. Cancer prevention policy should focus on addressing these socioeconomic inequalities.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1983년도 제17차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.10.4-11
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• 1983

현대의학의 발달에 따라 병인을 규명하기 위하여 세밀한 관찰과 자료획득이 가능한 각종 내시경이 대두되기에 이르렀다. 이의 일종인 내시경적 성대경으로 종래에는 보기 힘들었던 병변의 관찰은 물론 사진촬영이 동시에 이루어질 수 있어서 병변의 조기발견과 함께 귀중한 자료가 얻어질 수 있게 되었다. 과거 5년 동안 이화여자대학교 의과대학 부속병원 이비인후과 외래에서 시행한 성대경 사용경험에 따른 장단점과 사진촬영으로 얻은 자료를 중심으로 그 결과를 보고하는 바이다. 1) 간접후두경으로 관찰하기 힘들었던 병변을 보다 명확하게 관찰할 수 있었다. 2) 사진촬영 결과를 환자에게 제시할 수 있어서 치료전후의 상태를 확인시킬 수 있었다. 3) 확대된 성대상을 관찰할 수 있어서 미세한 병변의 감별이 용이하였다. 4) 성대관찰시간이 단축되고 조작이 간편하여 외래에서 사용하기 편리하였다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1998

Background： Unilateral vocal cord paralysis(UVCP) by recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is one of the common laryngological diseases. Objectives : We attempted to study the clinical feature and the causes of UVCP and also tried to investigate what is to be the initial approach for determining the causes of unknown-origin UVCP Materials and methods The charts of 82 patients with the diagnosis of UVCP were reviewed. The records were analyzed for patient's gender and age, the status of paralysed vocal cord, the crucial tests for the diagnosis, and the etiologies. Results : forty-nine(59.8%) male and 33(40.2%) female patients were included in this study. The age group of sixth decade was most commonly involved. Most of the cases showed paramedian position of palsy, and the left side(59.8%) was more frequently attacked. The most common cause of UVCP in this series was the unknown origin, followed by the surgical trauma and neoplasms. The etiologies of the six(12.5%) unknown-cause cases were found with the further evaluation, with the most useful test being a CT scan. Conclusion： Chest X-ray, esophagography, and CT scan should be included in the mandatory initial investigation of patients with unknown-origin UVCP